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3. Large-scale direct regeneration of LiFePO4@C based on spray dryingElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d2im00007e

Author

Zou, Yongxing, Cao, Jinwei, Li, Hao, Wu, Wanbao, Liang, Yihong, and Zhang, Jiaheng

Abstract

Direct regeneration is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way of recycling spent Li-ion batteries. In this study, a new method is adopted to regenerate spent LiFePO4. First, the spent LiFePO4powder is homogenized, and then, small amounts of a lithium source and a carbon source are thoroughly mixed by spray drying. After that, a high-temperature solid-phase method is used to regenerate the carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate. Compared with traditional regeneration methods, the proposed method significantly improves the universality of spent LiFePO4having different degrees of damage. The regenerated LiFePO4is characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the regenerated sample has a stable morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance. Under the conditions of 0.1C, the initial capacity exceeds 160 mA h g−1. After 800 cycles under the conditions of 1C, the capacity retention is 80%, which satisfies the requirements for regenerated LiFePO4batteries.Keywords: LiFePO4; Direct regeneration; Homogenization; Spray drying; Electrochemical performance.

Published
2023
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4. Balancing Edge Defects and Graphitization in a Pt-Fe/Carbon Electrocatalyst for High-Power-Density and Durable Flow Seawater-Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cells and Zn-Air Batteries.

Author

Li H, Zhang M, Wang M, Du M, Wang Z, Zou Y, Pan G, and Zhang J

Abstract

Overcoming the trade-off between the graphitization of the carbon substrate and enhanced electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) and intrinsic activity of Pt-C catalysts remains a major challenge for ensuring the durable operation of energy conversion devices. This article presents a hybrid catalyst consisting of PtFe nanoparticles and single Pt and Fe atoms supported on N-doped carbon (PtFe NPs @PtFe SAs -N-C), which exhibits improved activities in hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (HER and ORR, respectively) and has excellent durability owing to the high graphitization, rich edge defects, and porosity of the carbon in PtFe NPs @PtFe SAs -N-C, as well as strong EMSI between the PtFe nanoparticles and edge-defective carbon embedded with Pt and Fe atoms. According to theoretical calculations, the strong EMSI optimizes the H* adsorption-desorption and facilitates the adsorption OOH*, accelerating the HER and ORR processes. A novel flow seawater-Al/acid hybrid fuel cell using the PtFe NPs @PtFe SAs -N-C cathode can serve as a high-efficiency energy conversion device that delivers a high power density of 109.5 mW cm -2 while producing H 2 at a significantly high rate of 271.6 L m -2 h -1 . Moreover, PtFe NPs @PtFe SAs -N-C exhibits a remarkable performance (high power density of 298.0 mW cm -2 and long-term durability of 1000 h) in a flow Zn-air battery., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Published
2024
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