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The article highlights the problem of historical aspects of the emergence of private international law through the prism of a comparative analysis of the ancient and medieval periods of its development. Factors that influenced the emergence and historical development of international private law at this time are analyzed in detail. We have analyzed the circumstances and consequences of the birth of international private law in the ancient period of historical development. The process of legal development of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome was accompanied by intensive political-diplomatic, socio-economic and civilizational contacts within the entire Mediterranean region, as well as a number of other regions. The flourishing of the cultural, political and economic life of Ancient Greece in the 5th century. to n. gave rise to rapid progress in the legal indicators of the ancient Greek political system. In turn, Ancient Rome continued to unite the Mediterranean region into a single entity from the point of view of the communication system, large-scale trade operations, and cultural influence. The author defends the opinion, developing the available historiographical assessments, about the justified nature of the point of view regarding the existence of historical origins of international private law not in the Middle Ages, but specifically in the period of antiquity. Additional confirmation of this point of view can be served by the fact that it was in the period of antiquity that the so-called Latin formulas «binding» became already known. This is manifested, among other things, in the concept of «conflict of laws», as well as a number of other legal formulas. The trend of the further development of private international law against the background of the decline and subsequent disintegration of the Roman Empire is followed. The gradual spread of Roman law took place in all Italian states, which led to the further development of elements of private international law. The emergence of legal conflicts in the process of the collision of Italian legal realities with Roman legal realities led to the process of adapting the corpus juris civilis to Italian legal practice. Conclusions are made about the emergence of the main indicators of private international law precisely in the era of antiquity, that the medieval stage of the development of private international law borrowed ancient traditions and adapted them to the realities of the development of its time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unravelling of the human genome created new perceptions of the origin and evolution of diseases, and for cancer in particular, it established the notion that neoplasia has been a companion of life since its appearance on Earth. It is not surprising that neoplasms, in various forms, develop in numerous species of animals and even in plants. Unmistakable accounts of cancer with clinical features as are understood today begin in the 5th c. B.C. The principles and practice of the Hippocratic and Galenic tradition dominated cancer care virtually into the 20th century. Advanced sequencing technologies at the dawn of the 21st century generated new therapeutic opportunities with immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and gene transfer, with the latter especially being used in cases of hereditary cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Höyük is the property of Turkish Historical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to assess the diagnostic and treatment methods used in ancient sources for urinary tract infections and to discuss some ancient practices that are reminiscent of the methods used by modern medicine with an analogy-based approach. As remains of ancient soft tissue diseases have not survived until the present day, our knowledge on this topic is limited primarily to knowledge conveyed by ancient authors being interested in community health, namely by Hippocrates (460-370 BC), Celsus (25 BC-50 AD), Pliny the Elder (23-65 AD), Dioscorides (MS 40-90), Rufus (1st-2nd century AD), Aretaeus (2nd century AD), and Galenos (129-216 AD). The study used the document analysis method, which involved analyzing original traditional medical texts, literary and historical works, and modern sources documenting the treatment of patients with urinary system disorders. It has been concluded that conservative treatments for urinary system diseases in antiquity resemble certain approaches found in the modern medical literature. The evaluations reveal that diagnosis and treatment information on urinary system disease have ancient Mesopotamia roots and findings pointing to a correlation between the kidneys and heart in ancient Egyptian civilization. Similarly, it was established that kidney disease and Diabetes Mellitus were considered interconnected in the Greek and Roman periods. Again, data regarding diagnosis and prognosis reminiscent of disorders defined as alkaptonuria, proteinuria, and urinary retention in modern medicine were encountered.

The article discusses the basic semantic and compositional principles of the location of ancient-themed mascarons in the space of the Russian architecture of the 19th — early 20th centuries on the example of buildings in Moscow and St Petersburg. They have appeared in the focus of the search for artistic expression by Russian sculptors and architects. Nevertheless, mascarons have never been the subject of specialized scientific research. The accents they bring to the figurative concept of structures are very instructive for understanding the system of meanings of some works of Russian architecture. All this determines the relevance of addressing this issue. The study uses formal stylistic and comparative methods of analysis.

The repair of ancient ceramics has become a topic of growing interest to scholars of Greek and Roman ceramics. This study focuses on the ancient ceramic repairs uncovered at the city of Myra in the Lycian region. An analysis is presented regarding the repairs made to the Roman and Byzantine pithos, amphorae and green glazed bowl uncovered in the Myros Valley, the Acropolis and the Agora. The reasons for the ceramic repair in Myra are also discussed.

The ideas of humanism and the ideal of praise, which appeared in works of art in Antiquity, found their development in the work o the humanists of the Renaissance. The following generations of artists – poets and musicians – were inspired by the ideals of humanism, which found their reflection in the art works in the 18th and 19th centuries. In this context, we can mention the work of the predecessors and founders of the Viennese Classical School – Pietro Metastasio and Ludwig van Beethoven, who created real masterpieces of imitation of the human state of mind in the miniature genre – the sonnet and its musical accompaniment. The existence of the chamber miniature genre, in which deep emotions can be conveyed in a concise form, found its continuation in the works of romantic poets, in particular, the Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu, as well as in the works of many Moldovan composers in the 20th century.

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The historicity of the entire Greek territory is indisputable; however, some places, even today, face a lack of academic and archaeological research and historical oblivion. One such case is observed in central Greece and, more specifically, in the city of Larissa. If something differentiates this city from all the others in Greece, this is its antiquity, along with Argos in the Peloponnese. In the mosaic of its past, the most important tessera is the first ancient theater, which is also the central emblem of the city due to its great importance. Although the restoration and maintenance processes have not yet ended, the monument continues to this day to update information about the past of the city, contributing to a very large extent to the configuration of Larissa's cultural identity. Since emphasis has been given to the conservation and preservation of the ancient theater, the paper moves in the opposite direction and aims at a holistic depiction of the city's history based on the data so far, mainly through Larissa's antiquity and the first ancient theater, covering an era from prehistory to the Roman occupation. The difference about this specific theater is that its function was complicated and varied, offering even an innovation on the level of state organization, filling thus a literature gap regarding the history of ancient Larissa overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To consider the process of formation of the pedagogical foundations of humor in the philosophical thought of Ancient times of the VIII century BC – V century AD. Methods. In the course of the study, the methods of historical and pedagogical research were used: retrospective, historical-structural, historiographical, historical-genetic, comparative, comparative, historical periodization method, which together allowed for a systematic analysis of the transformation of changes in attitude to humor from a phenomenon of the surrounding reality to an element of the educational process. Results. The process of formation of philosophical thought in relation to humor as a means of educational influence is summarized by demonstrating the development of the literature of Antiquity. The main literary genres containing elements of comedy and bearing an educational component are listed. The main concepts of the perception of humor (Aristophanes, Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero) formed during this period are considered. A look at the Socratic dialogue system is given as one of the first humorous techniques in pedagogy. Practical implications. The obtained results can be applied in the creation of a unified overview of historical and pedagogical work devoted to the formation and development of humor as a special means of influence in pedagogy, as well as in solving applied didactic tasks in secondary and higher schools. The research materials can form the basis of lectures and seminars on the discipline «History of pedagogy and education» for students of pedagogical specialties and higher educational institutions.

Review of: Gregory Claeys, Utopianism for a Dying Planet. Life after Consumerism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2022

The article presents a study of sacred dances in ancient culture. The origins of dance and their connection with the mysteries are considered. The approach to dance as a language born in the infancy of mankind and closely related to myth allows identifying the semantic units of dance which express the mythological foundations of the creation of the universe and the birth of order from chaos. The procedure of understanding mythological meanings is based on the identification of symmetry structures. The authors of the article analyse the forms of dance compositions as systems of non‐verbal semantic constructs and study the image of the Labyrinth in the choreographic ancient tradition as a symbol of mastering and accumulating experience with subsequent transformation and comprehension of a new development stage of the soul.

Antik Çağ bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranları yüksek oranda tespit edilmiştir. Arkeolojik buluntu olarak Anadolu’da ortaya çıkartılan mezarların ise sayı olarak çok fazla olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu durumun etkenleri arasında bebek ve çocuk mezarlarının daha hassas olması ve çoğunlukla da tahrip edilmiş olmaları yer almaktadır. Buluntularda kronolojik bir sürekliliğin sağlanamaması ve sayının az olması konu üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeleri sınırlı bırakmaktadır. Bu sebeple bebek ve çocuk mezarlarının, gömü özellikleri ve buluntuları bakımından kültürlerarası karşılaştırmalarının yapılabilmesi daha olası sonuçların elde edilmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada Anadolu’da ele geçirilmiş bebek ve çocuk mezar buluntuları arasında dikkat çeken bazı örnekler üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu buluntulardan biri olan horoz figüründen yola çıkılarak mekansal bağlamda benzerlikler ya da farklılıklara dikkat çekilmek istenilmiştir. 2013-2023 yılları arası Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı verilerinden yararlanılarak yapılan değerlendirmelerde, arkeolojik malzemenin yetersiz kaldığı yerde antik ve modern kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır.

The paper focuses on the identification and study of the features of cognitive metaphors of the past and related concepts in the Greek linguistic picture of the world. The analysis considers the nominations: ιστορία (history), κληρονομιά (heritage), παρελθόν (past) and αρχαιότητα (antiquity). The research sets main cognitive structures in the source domain that are inherent to all analyzed concepts. Metaphorization predominantly takes place around the image-scheme of the path (“sourcepath-goal”), personification and perception of the concepts in the target domain as objects. The path has a structure-shaping role: both linear and labyrinthine path models are registered, while the movement mostly occurs in the opposite direction with the focus on the starting point of the journey (the source). Ethno-specific feature includes orientational metaphor, which suggests that the past is up. The broad scope has personification (first of all, with social and professional roles), as well as objectification, based mostly on visibility or concealment of the objects, as well as on their physical characteristics. A distinctive feature is the perception of antiquities as neighbors that exist side by side with the modern population, and antiquity, on the contrary, as a poet communicating with poems. One can also highlight the perception of the past and heritage as exhibits – something that is exposed to the public and is source of pride. Besides, natural phenomena and the construction are the common source of metaphorization for the past, history, heritage and antiquity in the Greek linguistic picture of the world.

The article is part of a series of publications [1, 2, etc.] dedicated to examining the cultural heritage embodied by archaeological sites within the Northwest Black Sea region. These sites constitute anthropogenic components and serve as cultural, touristic, and scientific resources within the modern coastal, partially terrestrial, partially estuarine geoecosystems. Drawing on findings from underwater and terrestrial geoarchecological studies, the article presents a preliminary reconstruction of the dynamics of the boundaries between the paleogeoecosystems of the Bug and Dnipro estuaries during ancient times. It explores the characteristics and typology of underwater sections of archaeological sites representing ancient cultural heritage, as well as significant antique archaeological sites as well as the most significant ancient archaeological sites. Today, remnants of these sites can be found in the southern border region of the terrestrial geoecosystem, situated between the right bank of the Dnipro and the left bank of the Bug estuaries. The article also reconstructs the historical development of the research area in antiquity, shedding light on the role of natural factors in this process.

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medicinal and aromatic plants are a consistent component of the biodiversity heritage in numerous countries worldwide. Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae family), also known as Dittany, an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, has been widely used as traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to provide a thorough and detailed account of Dittany in antiquity, the plant's physical characteristics and ecology, and its cultivation methods, as well as its chemical components, biological properties, and pharmacological studies. The information is presented and analyzed in a critical manner. A total of 86 research studies were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that Dittany is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants, with many uses not only in pharmacology but also in gastronomy. While a large body of literature exists regarding the application of essential oils, the number of publications concerning the plant's cultivation is rather small. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on the cultivation methods and the significance of cultivating and employing Dittany in Greece and the wider Mediterranean region in the future. Further research on this plant species is warranted since it has significant medicinal, economic, and environmental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theme: Motherhood and Mothering. Ill. ©Stina Wirsén The Fox Hunter and the Mother of Pearl: Motherhood and Biology in the Works of Kitty Crowther This article examines the biological aspect of motherhood in Kitty Crowther’s writing, in particular L’enfant racine (2003; The Root Child) and Mère Méduse (2014; Mother Medusa). By paying attention to the intertextual relations and the metaphorical aspects ​​of the images, the analysis demonstrates how Crowther’s iconotext relates to a conflict-filled discourse about mothering and biology. The two works in focus activate dissimilar intertexts, which share references to fertility and pregnancy. L’enfant racine is based on folklore, such as the Czech fairy tale “Otesánek” and Queen Mab. In Mère Méduse the story of Poseidon’s/Neptune’s rape of Medusa in Roman-Greek mythology constitutes an implicit prehistory to the narrative. The two books build up different kinds of symbolism, where a common point is the depiction of parenthood as a more or less organic relationship. In L’enfant racine, it is a hen-chasing fox who lures the soon-to-be adoptive mother into a mysterious forest, and once she finds the child Root, he is literally bereft of his roots. In Mère Méduse, the central symbol is the mother’s living hair, forging an organic bond with the child. Added to this is a play with literal and figurative representations based on the properties of the jellyfish and the mussel’s defence against pebbles through the creation and enclosing of a pearl – in mother of pearl. Crowther’s iconotexts transform conventional symbolism, thus calling for a reflection on the words and images which are used in our culture to speak of motherhood.

ABSTRACT Background Lifestyle has become a major and well‐recognized aspect of modern healthcare, but there is little awareness of the origins of lifestyle medicine. Results This paper shows that a major contribution to lifestyle medicine was made by Greco‐Roman physicians. Ancient Greek and Roman doctors placed considerable emphasis on the role lifestyle played in determining the state of their patients’ health.

Statistical analysis of relevant resources reveals the expansion of the Yugoslav and Czech Sokol Movements from 1919 to 1924, a period after World War I marked by a cultural and economic crisis. The ideological orientation of the Balkan Sokol movement towards strengthening integral Yugoslavism and realizing ideas of cosmopolitanism coincides with the two main domestic and foreign political tendencies of the newly founded Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. This paper aims at defining the ancient Greek legacy inherent in the socio-political role of Sokolski glasnik [Sokol Gazette] in the early postwar period. The Sokol national movement, a sports and political organization based on 1919 foundations, lasted almost continuously until the beginning of World War II.

Background: Lifestyle has become a major and well‐recognized aspect of modern healthcare, but there is little awareness of the origins of lifestyle medicine. Results: This paper shows that a major contribution to lifestyle medicine was made by Greco‐Roman physicians. Ancient Greek and Roman doctors placed considerable emphasis on the role lifestyle played in determining the state of their patients' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unravelling of the human genome created new perceptions of the origin and evolution of diseases, and for cancer in particular, it established the notion that neoplasia has been a companion of life since its appearance on Earth. It is not surprising that neoplasms, in various forms, develop in numerous species of animals and even in plants. Unmistakable accounts of cancer with clinical features as are understood today begin in the 5th c. B.C. The principles and practice of the Hippocratic and Galenic tradition dominated cancer care virtually into the 20th century. Advanced sequencing technologies at the dawn of the 21st century generated new therapeutic opportunities with immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and gene transfer, with the latter especially being used in cases of hereditary cancer.

Christian feminist movements, including the Chilean group Mujeres Iglesia (MI), have tried to answer the question of the role of women in the ecclesial community, in search of greater equity and justice. To this end, MI proposes to seek sources of inspiration in biblical texts. This article analyzes the characteristics of the Chilean Christian feminist movement and the roles played by one of the women members of the first assemblies of Jesus' followers: Prisca. To do so, we study the dynamic role of women in Christianity and society, from the characterization offered by the New Testament texts (Paul's letters and the book of Acts). This hermeneutical proposal allows us to affirm that Prisca is an illuminative figure for the understanding of women's leadership in the church, given the multifaceted character of her authority, mainly as a collaborator, that is, a woman leader of the Early Christian communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexandria, which was conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 BC and then gained importance as the capital of Egypt under the rule of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, became a remarkable center in terms of culture, science, trade and education. One of the remarkable developments of this period is the establishment of the Alexandria School, which is known with this city. The Alexandria School, which emerged as a reflection of the rich cultural and scientific atmosphere of the city of Alexandria, became a common cultural value of almost all segments living in the city and gained the characteristic of being an institution serving different circles of thought. It is stated that various ethnic, religious and philosophical groups in the city contributed to the development of the Alexandria School, but these influences varied. This study focuses on Alexandria, which became a remarkable cultural, scientific and educational center after Alexander the Great, and on Ancient Egyptian Religion and Hermeticism as the main movements that shaped the intellectual structure of the Alexandria School founded in this city. It is a matter of curiosity how these two, movements, with the contributions of Alexandria’s various ethnic, religious and philosophical groups, played a decisive role in the school’s thought structure and how the school’s connection with Hellenistic thought was strengthened. It is believed that Ancient Egyptian Religion, which had a significant impact on the Alexandria School, and Hermeticism, which had a significant influence on the fields of philosophy, science and literature, formed the basis of the unique character of the school over the centuries. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the intellectual heritage of the school and to evaluate the cultural and philosophical interactions in the history of the ancient world from a broad perspective by addressing how and in what ways Ancient Egyptian Religion and Hermeticism contributed to the Alexandrian School. The relationship between the Ancient Egyptian Religion and Hermetic texts with the polytheistic structure of the Alexandria School and Hellenism enabled it to be taken as a model by various communities in ancient times, in accordance with the religious, ethnic and cultural diversity in Alexandria. Adopting the Alexandrian School as an example, Christian thinkers are thought to have mastered the pagan beliefs of Ancient Egypt and Hermetic texts in the early periods. This provides critically important clues in the interpretation of early Christian theology. In this context, the relationship between Ancient Egypt’s pagan beliefs and Hermetic texts with the polytheist structure of the Alexandrian School and Hellenism, as well as their effects on Christian doctrines, will be examined. This is important because the school plays a central role in the fields of science, philosophy and literature, as well as revealing the interactions between beliefs and philosophical movements. In this context, our research will include the idea that Ancient Egyptian Religion and Hermeticism not only shaped the intellectual structure of the Alexandria School, but also nourished the Alexandrian Christians intellectually. However, the main problem here is how and by what means this interaction occurs. Therefore, the study will especially focus on how Hermetic texts and the religious teachings of Ancient Egypt played a role in the shaping of Christian thought in Alexandria, how they influenced Christian doctrines, and how the dynamics of this process worked. The study aims to provide a perspective on how and in what ways these interactions took place and aims to provide a better understanding of these processes. In this study, descriptive and analytical methods were tried to be used in a functional way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ar ticle seeks to expose the main features of the conception of antiquity contained in the Introduction à l'histoire universelle created by Jules Michelet in the 19th century, for which an analytical methodology applied to the text is mainly used, complemented by a systemic one that It allows us to place it in the context of the time in which it was written. The search for that objective made it possible for the following pages to be divided into two parts dedicated, the first, to establishing the basic aspects of the author and his work; and the second, to point out three issues: first, the notion of ancient history contained in that work of the French scholar; second, the way in which he developed his ideas about each people treated along his lines about antiquity; and third, the frequent allusions to events of this time contained in his explanation of the later stages of universal history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collectanea Philologica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vínculos de Historia is the property of Vinculos de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ancient town located at Alto de Rodilla (Monasterio de Rodilla, Burgos, Spain), identified as Tritium Autrigonum, has never been the subject of an archeological excavation, although the site has been known for a long time. However, the aerial survey campaigns conducted between 2001 and 2015 made it possible to take a large number of photographs that expose the urban form of the city. They reveal, on an unprecedented scale, a significant portion of the buried structures throughout the agglomeration. After a brief presentation of the site and the extent of our current knowledge, this work details the exploitation of the rectified and georeferenced aerial views, making it possible to obtain an unedited planimetry of the remains. It also provides an exceptionally detailed description of the site. This expanding documentary base was used in 2016 to study the remains identified as monuments. Since then, the analysis of the analysis of the aerial photographs has made it possible to obtain a general plan of the city, the various facets of its urbanism in its various aspects and to situate the city within the urban spaces of the northern Hispanic area.

Bolesław Miciński was born in 1911 in Podolia. The writer lived and worked in Poland, and from 1939 he was in emigration in France, where he died of tuberculosis in 1943. The author of the article describes the connections of Miciński’s works with Greco-Roman antiquity and the Bible. The poetic volume Chleb z Gietsemane [Bread from Gietsemane] (1932), the essay Odpowiedź na list Francesca, obywatela rzymskiego [Reply to the Letter of Francesco, a RomanCitizen] (1940) and the lecture Portret Juliana Apostaty [Portrait of Julian the Apostate] (1942) are analysed in detail. Miciński was well known in ancient culture and consciously drew on its deposits for erudite, aesthetic and rhetorical purposes. It is also worth emphasising that antiquity was a reservoir of motifs, themes and sentences, which were updated in the works of the Polish writer in the process of renarration and reinterpretation, showing the universal value of the ancient tradition.

Several skulls dated to the Early Iron Age discovered in various burial grounds located in the Prikuban and North Caucasus regions are examined in the article. All the skulls are dated to the early Iron Age. The skulls exhibit distinctive signs of scalping. Two of the skulls originate from the Meotian burial ground found in the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2, situated near Krasnodar and spanning from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. One of the skulls was excavated from an ancient rural settlement dating to the 2nd centuries BC near the village of Starotitarovskaya in the Krasnodar region. Finally, the remaining skull was unearthed at the Gaston Uota site in Digor Gorge, North Ossetia. This site, concerning the Kobani culture, is dated between the 7th century BC and the 1st half of 4th century BC. The article presents four new instances of scalping originating from Southern Russia. All of the skulls belonged to adult males, and two of them exhibited injuries that appear to have occurred shortly before death. Among the skulls found at the Gaston-Uota burial ground and the settlement near Starotitarovskaya, scalping was executed in the conventional manner, entailing full-scale incisions over the entire hair-covered area. On the other hand, victims buried at the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2 displayed evidence of partial scalping, where only the top portion of the cranium vault was scalped, resulting in a limited area of scalp removal. This discrepancy in scalping techniques may reflect distinct cultural traditions associated with this ritualistic practice.

This study attempts to identify the theme of light in the imagery of ancient Greco-Roman and Christian art through a comparative analysis of the context and evolution of artistic language before and after the Christianization of the Roman Empire. An essential criterion in understanding the new aesthetic paradigm and highlighting the means of artistic expression characteristic to the two periods temporally delimited by the event of the Incarnation, is the way in which artistic consciousness relates to divinity. The acceptance or not of the Revelation, the reflection in religious art of the fact that God became Man and He has a Face, as opposed to other philosophical quests and religious systems that dress up the idea of divinity and its attributes in the face of the gods, personifying it or imagining it symbolically, – makes the difference. God communicates Himself to man through light, light being the common denominator of any epistemology, without placing in competition or in opposition the knowledge that comes to us through Revelation with that acquired by man through scientific experiments. Paradox is a mark of light. Science has proven it with the wave-particle dualism of quantum mechanics and theology fully confirms it. Light is a Person who says of Himself that He is: ‘The Light of the World’. (John 8, 12). The theme of light has multiple meanings in biblical exegesis; from the metaphorical image that runs through the Book of Revelation to that of the incorporated Light (Lux incorporata), an interpretation that refers to the Mystery of the Incarnation, to the world transfigured by grace, to the uncreated light communicated to people by the heavenly hierarchies through the Church in the form of the Holy Mysteries. In the world of late Roman antiquity, and later in the Byzantine world, there was a belief that the veining or luminous veins of colored marble, gemstones or translucent stones were embedded rays of light, an intervention of divine light in the rock. The uniqueness of these ‘graphic accidents’ was interpreted as signs of God in the creation that suggests the unseen, the unusual, the ineffable, in short, the paradox of the Christian world summed up in this confession: that God is both One and Three, that Christ is both Man and God, and that Mary is both the Mother of God and the Virgin. The art of mosaics and stained glass, as well as the entire decorative complex of precious stones, gems and polychrome marbles adorning objects of worship and liturgical furnishings, is built on a long tradition that aesthetically and theologically values the motif of light. Dogmatic notions such as hypostatic union and perichoresis are symbolically translated into visually striking plastic expressions – provided by the natural textures of the cut and polished rocks – with the sole purpose of suggesting the dogmatic ‘contradictions’ of the Kingdom of Light which, as they say, ‘already exists, but not yet’.

This article analyzes the references to Antiquity in “The Petition of the Senators to Tsar Peter I for the Adoption of the Title of Peter the Great, the Father of His Homeland and the Emperor of All Russians” (on October 21/22, 1721) and in “The Speech Written and Delivered by Peter I at the Old Trinity Cathedral of St. Petersburg after He Had Read Out the Peace Treaty with Sweden” (on October 22, 1721), when he adopted the above titles). The Latin spellings of these titles in the texts of the 1720s were examined (based on the published version of A.F. Sigismundi’s speech on signing the Treaty of Nystad). The retrospective look of the contemporaries of the studied events at the history of Antiquity was discussed: particular attention was paid to the historical ideas about the ancient Roman state expressed by P.N. Kriokshin, an associate of Peter I, along with his views on the Slavic–Russian history. The commitment to the values of ancient societies (heroic service to the Homeland, patriotism, valor, and courage) along with the political focus on the image of the Roman state strengthened the socioideological background of the Russian statehood. In was concluded that the great figures who shaped the Russian empire in the 18th century were concerned, consciously and purposefully, with providing additional stability to the whole system and thus relied on the past experience of Antiquity.

This article analyzes an album of prints published in Rome in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, organized in the tradition of the Speculum romanae magnificentiae. The album shows the various uses of architecture and sculpture, both antique and modern, in early modern Rome, and contains an engraving of El Escorial, published in 1606, on its last page. The plate reproduces the famous image realized in Madrid in 1587 for Juan de Herrera’s Estampas and is based on a plate published by Abraham Ortelius in Antwerp in 1591. The article analyzes the album from the point of view of the Roman print of El Escorial and argues that the album works, through its structure, to introduce the building to the print-buying public in Spanish Rome.

Serial killers have been a popular topic in literature for centuries, appearing in works of fiction, non-fiction, and even poetry. In literature, serial killers often represent the dark side of human nature, and their stories often explore the depths of depravity and the psychological motivations behind their heinous acts. Examples of serial killers can be found throughout history and mythology. With all that the public’s attention is usually focused on the serial murders of the latest decades, with the historical cases still generally remaining in the obscure. The reason for that lack of publicity is that serial killers in antiquity are difficult to identify, because the concept of serial killing is a relatively modern one. One of the pleasant exceptions is a book by Debbie Felton “Monsters and Monarchs: Serial Killers in Classical Myths and History” published by University of Texas Press, 2021, 235 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4773-2357-1 (paperback edition). This article reviews the book and comments on its contents and style.

This study attempts to identify the theme of light in the imagery of ancient Greco-Roman and Christian art through a comparative analysis of the context and evolution of artistic language before and after the Christianization of the Roman Empire. An essential criterion in understanding the new aesthetic paradigm and highlighting the means of artistic expression characteristic to the two periods temporally delimited by the event of the Incarnation, is the way in which artistic consciousness relates to divinity. The acceptance or not of the Revelation, the reflection in religious art of the fact that God became Man and He has a Face, as opposed to other philosophical quests and religious systems that dress up the idea of divinity and its attributes in the face of the gods, personifying it or imagining it symbolically, - makes the difference. God communicates Himself to man through light, light being the common denominator of any epistemology, without placing in competition or in opposition the knowledge that comes to us through Revelation with that acquired by man through scientific experiments. Paradox is a mark of light. Science has proven it with the wave-particle dualism of quantum mechanics and theology fully confirms it. Light is a Person who says of Himself that He is: 'The Light of the World'. (John 8, 12). The theme of light has multiple meanings in biblical exegesis; from the metaphorical image that runs through the Book of Revelation to that of the incorporated Light (Lux incorporata), an interpretation that refers to the Mystery of the Incarnation, to the world transfigured by grace, to the uncreated light communicated to people by the heavenly hierarchies through the Church in the form of the Holy Mysteries. In the world of late Roman antiquity, and later in the Byzantine world, there was a belief that the veining or luminous veins of colored marble, gemstones or translucent stones were embedded rays of light, an intervention of divine light in the rock. The uniqueness of these 'graphic accidents' was interpreted as signs of God in the creation that suggests the unseen, the unusual, the ineffable, in short, the paradox of the Christian world summed up in this confession: that God is both One and Three, that Christ is both Man and God, and that Mary is both the Mother of God and the Virgin. The art of mosaics and stained glass, as well as the entire decorative complex of precious stones, gems and polychrome marbles adorning objects of worship and liturgical furnishings, is built on a long tradition that aesthetically and theologically values the motif of light. Dogmatic notions such as hypostatic union and perichoresis are symbolically translated into visually striking plastic expressions - provided by the natural textures of the cut and polished rocks - with the sole purpose of suggesting the dogmatic 'contradictions' of the Kingdom of Light which, as they say, 'already exists, but not yet'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an excavation carried out in 2014 of a small area of the peri-urban district of “la Genetoye” in Autun, a set of coroplastic furniture was discovered that testifies to the production of white clay figurines between the end of the 1st century and the middle of the 3rd century. Within this unusual pottery factory, the production of figurines is mainly attested by the discovery of a deposit of bivalve moulds in the praefornium of one of the furnaces. In addition to their remarkable state of preservation, these moulds, which essentially depict mother goddesses, reinforce the image of a highly standardised production that is already perceptible in the homogeneity of the furniture discovered (ceramic vessels). The use of a new method for studying this type of furniture based on high-resolution 3D digitisation on this corpus of moulds has made it possible to identify at least two generations of moulds and thus to confirm the use of the overmoulding technique in the production of coroplasty figurines at Autun.

This article is a continuation of the author’s series of publications devoted to the study of the resource potential of archaeological artifacts — sites of ancient and medieval heritage as anthropogenic components of modern geoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea coast (GESNBSC) and the nearby Black Sea shelf including the estuaries. These sites are currently partially or fully located in the transitional part of the Black Sea Geoecosystem (BSG) space and associated geoecological subsystems of estuaries, where modern natural aerial, aquatic and geological environmental subsystems interface with each other. The article presents the results of research, characterization and typification of archaeological sites of the cultural heritage of ancient and medieval times, which are located in the space of geoecosystems that were formed in this region. Among them are the underwater archaeological sites dis- covered in the space of ancient coastal and littoral paleogeoecosystems of the Bug Estuary, their connection with the most significant archaeological sites that were once formed as part of geoecosystems of the land. A preliminary reconstruction of the borders of the Bug Estuary in ancient and medieval times is made; there is demonstrated the resource archaeological potential of GESNBSC spaces and the adjacent zone of the Black Sea shelf with estuaries, including the ancient and medieval archaeo- logical sites of cultural heritage, which were created and for some time belonged to the spaces of cer- tain paleo-GESNBSC, but are now located in the space of modern geoecosystem of the Bug Estuary. The article gives a brief description of the already known archaeological, partially submerged sites of ancient and medieval cultural heritage, some other interesting underwater archaeological artifacts, and shows the feasibility of expanding their study with reference to bathymetric and geomorphological features of the boundaries between modern natural BSG environmental subsystems. Such knowledge is important both for solving the issues related to a more profound understanding of the causes and consequences of changes in the paleogeoecological and modern geoecological conditions of the shelf of Azov-Black Sea basin and GESNBSC, predicting their dynamics and directions of development, and for historical and archaeological reconstructions, in particular, to identify new cultural heritage sites. The results of geoarchaeological (that is, a complex of geoecological and archaeological) studies published in the article are important not only for understanding the formation and functioning of transitional geoecosystems with their resources, which include archaeological artifacts as anthropogenic components, but also for the development of public culture, historical memory population and expansion of its historical consciousness. In addition, such knowledge is necessary to consciously and competently address a number of economic problems in the development of communities in the Northern Black Sea region. In particular, to attract investment in the development of coastal and underwater tourism, to predict the impact of many geo-environmental processes inherent in the research region under specific conditions of the search, identification, use and preservation of the historical and archaeological potential of ancient and medieval cultural heritage located in the space of modern GESNBSC and BSG as their components. These anthropogenic components are objective evidence of the impact of natural geo-environ- mental conditions and their dynamics on the peculiarities of life and migration of the region’s inhabitants from ancient times up to the present.

Contemporary changes in historical culture associated with various states of modernity actualize the problem of the foundations and prerequisites of historicism as a principle of thinking characteristic of modern societies. The ancient historicism background consists primarily in the advanced concepts of time and eternity, which contain the potential variability in the understanding of historicity in modern philosophy and culture. At the same time, the problem of the historical variability of the world remained on the periphery of ancient philosophy and culture, and classical historicism, which was established in the second half of the 18th century, was based on the rejection of some aspects of the ancient heritage. In opposing being and becoming, ancient philosophy preferred being, which was also manifested in the preference for truth over time, for one over multiple. Classical historicism of modern times is focused on the idea of becoming, which in a new way reveals the contradictions between truth and time, one and multiple. Relativism and plurality are becoming features of modern transformations of historicism, in which the structures of time are preserved, dating back to the ancient concepts of chronos, kairos, eon, etc. Of particular interest are modern ideas about time, which go back to the ancient concept of objectified chronological time and its correlation with other forms of time conceptualization. In the historical consciousness of modern times, the ancient concepts of time were transformed under the influence of the prophetic sense of time, characteristic of the biblical tradition, in which the historical process is considered in the context of the gradual revelation of the original intention and meaning of history.

The article revisits the first catalogue of ancient Greek and Roman coins in British collections, published by N.F. Haym in London in 1720. In the collection of the Duke of Devonshire, Haym found a golden coin from Cyrene with the image of strange small animal next to the silphium, the vegetative symbol of Cyrene, which evinced a multidisciplinary interest during the Enlightenment period in England. Such coins from Cyrene constitute the subject of the current investigation, which aims to analyze their iconography and, specifically, to identify the animal and tentatively suggest the reason that it was depicted together with the silphium. Among other things, the author concludes that the coin from the collection of the Duke of Devonshire helped the development of three fields of study: numismatics, zoology, and botany.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are a consistent component of the biodiversity heritage in numerous countries worldwide. Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae family), also known as Dittany, an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, has been widely used as traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to provide a thorough and detailed account of Dittany in antiquity, the plant’s physical characteristics and ecology, and its cultivation methods, as well as its chemical components, biological properties, and pharmacological studies. The information is presented and analyzed in a critical manner. A total of 86 research studies were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that Dittany is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants, with many uses not only in pharmacology but also in gastronomy. While a large body of literature exists regarding the application of essential oils, the number of publications concerning the plant’s cultivation is rather small. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on the cultivation methods and the significance of cultivating and employing Dittany in Greece and the wider Mediterranean region in the future. Further research on this plant species is warranted since it has significant medicinal, economic, and environmental value.

The article addresses the issue of multicultural settlements from ancient until modern times, located on the Vistula floodplains within Urzecze micro-region. Archaeological, historical and partly ethnographic research indicate an “island” rather than dispersed nature of the local settlement. The separation of clusters allowed to discover many hitherto lost medieval villages or parts of them. The main advantage of long-term settlement on the floodplain was the proximity to a large navigable river (trade, fishing) and fertile soil, compensating for the losses resulting from the frequent floods.

This article examines the use of compulsory tattooing in Greco-Roman antiquity. During the ancient period, ornamental, prophylactic, apotropaic or religious body marking was practiced in many of the civilisations with which the Greeks and Romans interacted. However, the Greeks and Romans disapproved of the custom of voluntary tattooing on the grounds that it violated the integrity of the human body and was contrary to traditional morality. In Hellenic and Roman society, tattooing was necessarily an expression of punishment or domination. Penal tattoos were used to punish prisoners of war, delinquent slaves and criminal freemen. It served to punish by infamy the person who had it, but also to distinguish him or her from other individuals so as to prevent their escape. As for the tattoo of belonging, it was most often affixed to Roman soldiers and imperial officials. Its purpose was to identify agents of the state and thus easily prevent or repress the evasion of their duties.