Search

Anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 700 °C, called BC700. BC700 was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The factors influencing the adsorption process and the mechanism involved in adsorbing tricyclazole and 2,4-D in single and binary systems were revealed. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of BC700 for tricyclazole and 2,4-D in a single system were 11.86 mg/g and 7.89 mg/g, respectively. In the binary system, the theoretical saturated adsorptive capacities of tricyclazole and 2,4-D were 5.27 mg/g and 3.20 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of tricyclazole and 2,4-D by BC700, whether in single or binary systems, matched closely with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model. This study indicates that anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar is potentially valuable for removing pesticide contamination in surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sorption of Zr(IV) and Y(III) was examined using an iron-tin silicate (FeSnSi) composite prepared by the co-precipitation technique. The analytical tools that characterize prepared composite are FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and XRF. The effects of temperature, pH, ion concentrations, and shaking time are all considered in the sorption studies conducted on Zr(IV) and Y(III). The sorption of studied metal ions depends on pH, and the pseudo-2nd-order model governs the kinetics of reactions. Negative Gibbs energy values confirmed the excellent feasibility and spontaneity of the sorption process. Positive enthalpy values indicate that this process was endothermic. Positive entropy values demonstrated that the disorder between the solid and liquid phases was enhanced during adsorption. Freundlich and Langmuir models are used to study isotherms. The results of the binary system verify that Zr(IV) may be separated from the Zr-Y system at various pHs. According to the findings, the produced composite may effectively remove Zr(IV) and Y(III) from aqueous solutions. It may also be viable for purifying wastewater contaminated with these metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the phase equilibria of the binary Ag-In system were determined using electron probe microanalysis and differential scanning calorimetry on equilibrated alloys and diffusion couples. The compositions of the phase boundaries of solid phases that are highly scattered in the literature have been precisely determined. The temperatures of the invariant reaction ζ ⇄ γ + L and the polymorphic transformation ζ ⇄ γ are substantially lower than previously reported values. In addition, it was found that the In-rich ζ phase phase-separates after months of room-temperature aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the security of gene information and the accuracy of matching, this paper designs a homomorphic encryption algorithm for gene matching based on cloud computing environment. Firstly, the gene sequences of cloud files entered by users are collected, which are converted into binary code by binary function, so that the encrypted text is obviously different from the original text. After that, the binary code of genes in the database is compared with the generated code to complete gene matching. Experimental analysis indicates that when the number of fragments in a 1 GB gene file is 65, the minimum encryption time of the algorithm is 80.13 ms. Aside from that, the gene matching time and energy consumption of this algorithm are the least, which are 85.69 ms and 237.89 J, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the widespread occurrence of directional crystallization in nature, laboratory experiments and industrial facilities, we consider how a two-phase (mushy) region filled simultaneously with liquid and solid material influences the process and changes the solute concentration in both the phases. A mushy layer arising as a result of constitutional supercooling in binary liquids drastically changes all process parameters in comparison with the frequently used approximation of a macroscopically planar phase interface. The heat and mass transfer problem with a moving mushy region is replaced by the equivalent model with a discontinuity interface that divides the liquid and solid phases and inherits the properties of a mushy layer. Analytical solutions that describe both crystallization modes with a planar phase interface and discontinuity interface (representing a mushy layer) are constructed for the steady-state and self-similar conditions. The switching time of the crystallization model with a planar phase interface to the model with a two-phase layer is determined. Our calculations, based on analytical solutions, show that the presence of a mushy layer can change the solute concentration in liquid and solid phases to a few tens of percent as compared to the planar interface model. This explains the importance of accounting for the two-phase region when describing the crystallization of supercooled binary liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution poses a significant ecological threat, contributing to the widespread degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Among the pollutants, heavy metals pose severe risks to both organisms and human health, emphasizing the urgent need for effective pollution control technologies. Biosorption presents a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution to mitigate heavy metal contamination. Biofilms, consisting of microbial communities, have emerged as potential biosorbents for heavy metals. Since heavy metals can exist as cations and anions concurrently in aquatic environments, understanding their behavior in binary systems is essential for biosorption strategies. This study focuses on the binary biosorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI), representing cationic and anionic heavy metals. Specific adsorption sites are identified by analyzing adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and IR spectra of biofilms. The results indicate that biofilms, in a binary scenario, demonstrate nearly identical adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cr(VI). Moreover, the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption model, emphasizing the potential of biofilms as effective biosorbents for the simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic heavy metals. This study advocates for a sustainable approach to heavy metal remediation through the utilization of biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the intricate phase transitions of 1-Octadecanol and n-Nonadecane within a binary system, unveiling dynamic structural changes under varying conditions. Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, specific molecular vibrations were identified, shedding light on the molecular composition and interactions. The study highlights the challenges in detecting subtle phase transitions and emphasises the individuality of molecular behaviours in closely related compounds. The findings underscore the complexity of phase transitions in binary systems and advocate for a nuanced approach to studying molecular structures and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

κ Draconis is a binary system with a classical Be star as the primary component. Its emission-line spectrum consists of hydrogen lines, notably the H α line with peak intensity ratio (V/R) variations phase-locked with the orbital period P = 61.55 days. Among binaries demonstrating the Be phenomenon, κ Dra stands out as one of a few systems with a discernible mass of its secondary component. Based on more than 200 spectra obtained in 2014–2023, we verified the physical parameters and constructed the mass function. We used part of these data obtained in 2014–2021 to investigate regions in the circumstellar disk of the primary component that emit the H α line using the Doppler tomography method. The results show that the disk has a non-uniform density distribution with a prominent enhancement at V y ≈ 99 km s − 1 and V x ≈ − 6 km s − 1 that corresponds to a cloud-like source of the double-peaked H α line profile. We argue that this enhancement's motion is responsible for the periodic variations in the H α V/R ratio, which is synchronised in orbital phase with the radial velocity (RV) of absorption lines from the atmosphere of the primary component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the heavy metal chelating agent N, N-bis(dithiocarboxy) ethylenediamine (EDTC) was synthesized by blending method with ethylenediamine (C2H8N2) and carbon disulfide (CS2). The effects of material ratio, dosing sequence, pH and temperature in aqueous solution on the removal characteristics of EDTC as a synergistic agent for the treatment of complexed copper (EDTA-Cu) and Rhodamine B (RhB) were investigated. Furthermore, the removal efficiency was compared with those of single-component EDTA-Cu and RhB systems. The results indicated that the removal of EDTA-Cu and RhB was up to 150 mg/g and 850 mg/g, respectively, when 1.3 g/L EDTC was added to 180 mg/L EDTA-Cu and 1 800 mg/L RhB water at room temperature. The treatment efficiency was stable in the pH range of 2-10 in aqueous solution. Compared with the removal effect of single component EDTA-Cu and RhB treated with EDTC, EDTC can effectively simultaneous remove copper and RhB with synergistic effect. Therefore, EDTC can be applied as a water treatment agent for the synergistic treatment of complex metal and dye in complicated wastewater.

In recent years, electrochemical synergistic activation of persulfate (PDS) degradation technology has demonstrated significant potential in wastewater treatment applications. Given the challenges posed by the complex water quality, high COD content, and recalcitrant degradation of dyeing wastewater, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iron/aluminum dual-electrode electrochemical activation of PDS for degrading simulated dyeing wastewater. The results showed that under optimal conditions, utilizing both periodic reversal and direct current electrochemical activation of PDS achieved removal rates of 99.2% and 98.3% for Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Red X-3B (RRX-3B), respectively, demonstrating promising removal efficiency. Notably, the removal efficiency of RB5 surpassed that of RRX-3B, suggesting a dependence on initial concentration influencing reaction kinetics. Furthermore, full-spectrum scanning and quenching experiments revealed that RB5 and RRX-3B were primarily degraded through the potent oxidation action of SO4−· and ·OH, with a small number of intermediates present in the solution. Periodic reversal proved effective in mitigating electrode passivation and enhancing electrode longevity. This study provides a highly effective removal method of binary dyes from dyeing wastewater by periodic reversal Fe-Al dual-electrode electrochemical activation of PDS technology, offering valuable insights for sustainable treatment of dyeing wastewater with binary components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 700 °C, called BC700. BC700 was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The factors influencing the adsorption process and the mechanism involved in adsorbing tricyclazole and 2,4-D in single and binary systems were revealed. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of BC700 for tricyclazole and 2,4-D in a single system were 11.86 mg/g and 7.89 mg/g, respectively. In the binary system, the theoretical saturated adsorptive capacities of tricyclazole and 2,4-D were 5.27 mg/g and 3.20 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of tricyclazole and 2,4-D by BC700, whether in single or binary systems, matched closely with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model. This study indicates that anaerobically digested sludge-derived biochar is potentially valuable for removing pesticide contamination in surface water.

Roflumilast, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, was approved by the European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use in 2010 for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, low solubility of Roflumilast is a question mark to design a suitable dosage form to get therapeutic objectives. The aim of this work was to enhance solubility of the drug to develop fast release oral tablet. Drug-polymer binary system was developed at 1:1 w/w ratio followed by development of immediate release tablet by direct compression method. Drug-polymer compatibility studies were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopic studies. Pre and Post- compression tests and in vitro dissolutions studies in acidic (pH 1.2) and PBS pH 6.8 were performed to evaluate in vitro performance of the developed formulations. In vitro kinetic models were applied and similarity and difference factors were computed in comparison with reference product (marketed brand). Drug content was found between 95.37 to 99.57 in the developed formulations. Drug-polymer compatibility results demonstrated good compatibility among drug, polymers and other excipients. The micromeretic parameters and post compression studies results were in acceptable limit for all the developed formulations. Fast drug release behavior was observed in acidic medium. The results suggested that similarity factor (f2) values of the developed formulations were within acceptable limit (50-100). The developed binary systems may apply to overcome solubility issues of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs. The developed formulations are easy to scale-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batch experiments were conducted to test orange waste (OW), an agricultural solid waste byproduct from the orange juice manufacturing industry, as adsorbent for binary solutions of Cd2+-Cr3+ and Zn2+-Cr3+. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) were used to identify the functional groups on the OW surface involved in biosorption. The biosorption equilibrium data for both binary-metal solutions were obtained and fitted to various isotherm models. The extended Sips and the non-modified Redlich-Peterson isotherm models gave the best fit for the experimental data. According to the extended Sips model, the maximum biosorption capacity of OW was 0.573 mmol·g−1 for Cd2+, 0.453 mmol·g−1 for Zn2+, and 1.96 mmol·g−1 for Cr3+. The sorption capacity dropped to 0.061 mmol·g−1 for Cd2+ and to 0.101 mmol·g1 for Zn2+ in their binary systems with Cr3+ for the higher initial metal concentrations in the solution. However, the maximum sorption capacity of chromium was only slightly affected by the presence of Cd2+ or Zn2+. For both binary systems, the presence of a second metal ion in the solution always conduces to a reduction in the sorption of the other metal in the solution. The presence of Cr3+ decreased the sorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ more than vice versa. Conclusively, effective removal of Cr3+ ions from an aqueous solution can still be achieved in the presence of Cd2+ or Zn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the use of base 2 in two historical contexts: ancient Egypt during the Middle Kingdom and 19th-century France. In ancient Egypt, base 2 was central to the “duplation” algorithm to multiply two numbers. In 19th-century France, it featured in mathematical recreations by Charles-Ange Laisant and Édouard Lucas. Duplation in ancient Egypt involved doubling a number successively, leveraging the binary nature of the numbering system for rapid calculations. In France, Laisant and Lucas contributed to mathematical recreations rooted in base 2, popularizing mathematics and engaging the public. The article aims to present these historical resources, highlighting their educational potential. It suggests integrating these examples into mandatory education from age 9 onwards, offering students a practical understanding of mathematics and its history. However, specific teaching methods are left to the reader’s discretion.

Motivated by the widespread occurrence of directional crystallization in nature, laboratory experiments and industrial facilities, we consider how a two-phase (mushy) region filled simultaneously with liquid and solid material influences the process and changes the solute concentration in both the phases. A mushy layer arising as a result of constitutional supercooling in binary liquids drastically changes all process parameters in comparison with the frequently used approximation of a macroscopically planar phase interface. The heat and mass transfer problem with a moving mushy region is replaced by the equivalent model with a discontinuity interface that divides the liquid and solid phases and inherits the properties of a mushy layer. Analytical solutions that describe both crystallization modes with a planar phase interface and discontinuity interface (representing a mushy layer) are constructed for the steady-state and self-similar conditions. The switching time of the crystallization model with a planar phase interface to the model with a two-phase layer is determined. Our calculations, based on analytical solutions, show that the presence of a mushy layer can change the solute concentration in liquid and solid phases to a few tens of percent as compared to the planar interface model. This explains the importance of accounting for the two-phase region when describing the crystallization of supercooled binary liquids.

The article delves into the intricate phase transitions of 1-Octadecanol and n-Nonadecane within a binary system, unveiling dynamic structural changes under varying conditions. Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, specific molecular vibrations were identified, shedding light on the molecular composition and interactions. The study highlights the challenges in detecting subtle phase transitions and emphasises the individuality of molecular behaviours in closely related compounds. The findings underscore the complexity of phase transitions in binary systems and advocate for a nuanced approach to studying molecular structures and behaviours.

Non-local theories of gravity are considered extended theories of gravity, meaning that when the non-local terms are canceled out, the limit of General Relativity (GR) is obtained. Several reasons have led us to consider this theory with increasing interest, but primarily non-locality emerges in a natural way as a ‘side’ effect of the introduction of quantum corrections to GR, the purpose of which was to cure the singularity problem, both at astrophysical and cosmological level. In this paper we studied a peculiar case of the so called Deser-Woodard theory consisting in the addition of a non-local term of the form R□−1R to the Hilbert-Einstein lagrangian, where R is the Ricci scalar, and derived, for the first time, constraints on the dimensionaless non-local parameter A by exploiting the predicted gravitational wave emission in three binary pulsars, namely PSR J1012+5307, PSR J0348+0432 and PSR J1738+0333. We discovered that the instantaneous flux strongly depends on A and that the best constraints (0.12

The present study is devoted to constructing a method for calculating the solubility curves for molybdenum and ruthenium in the solid state in the binary Mo–Ru system with consideration for nanoscale effects. The approach is based on the thermodynamics of phase equilibria, taking into account the surface phenomena within the framework of the Gibbs thermodynamic method of separating surfaces. The tension surface is chosen as such a separating surface. Calculations of the solubility were performed considering the size dependences of the individual characteristics of metals and the parameters of interparticle interaction in the phases. A good agreement of the obtained results with the available experimental data is observed for the macroscopic case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

κ Draconis is a binary system with a classical Be star as the primary component. Its emission-line spectrum consists of hydrogen lines, notably the Hα line with peak intensity ratio (V/R) variations phase-locked with the orbital period P = 61.55 days. Among binaries demonstrating the Be phenomenon, κ Dra stands out as one of a few systems with a discernible mass of its secondary component. Based on more than 200 spectra obtained in 2014–2023, we verified the physical parameters and constructed the mass function. We used part of these data obtained in 2014–2021 to investigate regions in the circumstellar disk of the primary component that emit the Hα line using the Doppler tomography method. The results show that the disk has a non-uniform density distribution with a prominent enhancement at Vy ≈ 99 km s−1 and Vx≈−6 km s−1 that corresponds to a cloud-like source of the double-peaked Hα line profile. We argue that this enhancement’s motion is responsible for the periodic variations in the Hα V/R ratio, which is synchronised in orbital phase with the radial velocity (RV) of absorption lines from the atmosphere of the primary component.

The chirality of the polyether ionophore monensic acid A can be successfully used to study its coordination ability in solution. A complementary approach to gain new insights into the complexation chemistry of the antibiotic (studied previously by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the ultraviolet range (UV-CD)) is presented. (1) Methods: The CD spectroscopy in the visible (VIS-CD) and near-infrared (NIR-CD) range is applied to evaluate the affinity of deprotonated monensic acid A (monensinate A) towards Ni(II) or Co(II) cations in methanolic solution. Competition experiments between a variety of colorless divalent metal ions for binding the ligand anion were also performed. (2) Results: The stability constants of the species observed in binary Ni(II)/Co(II)-monensinate systems and their distribution were reevaluated with the VIS- and NIR-CD techniques. The data confirmed the formation of mono and bis complexes depending on the metal-to-ligand molar ratio. The studies on the systems containing two competing divalent metal cations exclude the formation of ternary complex species but provide an opportunity to also calculate the stability constants of Zn(II), Mg(II), and Ca(II) monensinates. (3) Conclusions: The advantages of CD spectroscopy in the VIS-NIR range ("invisible" ligand and metal salts, "visible" chiral complex species) simplify the experimental dataset evaluation and increase the reliability of computed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence that many Be stars are parts of binary systems. As the B-type primaries are very fast rotators and their spectral lines may be distorted by the circumstellar material, it is not easy to measure their radial velocity directly from the spectral lines. It has been shown that some Be binaries exhibit peak intensity variations consisting of double-peaked H α lines that are phase-locked with orbital periods. We searched for such variations in the spectra of 12 Be stars, including several known and suspected binaries. Our results include confirmation of the orbital periods in ν Geminorum, ϵ Capricorni, κ Draconis, 60 Cygni, and V2119 Cygni, its refinement in o Puppis, as well as suggesting hints for binarity in o Aquarii, BK Camelopardalis, and 10 Cassiopeae. Monitoring of the H α line profile variations in β Canis Minoris for over the last 10 years gives further support to the existence of a 182.5-day period found earlier in a smaller set of data. A similar but still preliminary period (179.6 days) was found in the H α line profile variations in ψ Persei. It is shown for the first time that ν Geminorum exhibits phase-locked variations in the H α emission peak intensity ratio and, therefore, is a part of the inner binary in this triple system. Our results show that the mentioned phase-locked peak intensity variations are observed in more Be binary systems than previously known and can be used to search for binarity of Be stars when application of other methods is inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption is one of the most easy-to-operate, less costly, efficient and, most importantly, environmentally friendly methods of removing toxic metals from aqueous environments. We used spent Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured to recover mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) in binary and ternary systems from greywater. We undertook this study in binary and ternary systems at adsorbent dosages with a corresponding 100 mL varied initial metal concentrations of the greywater. The adsorption efficiency at varied concentrations and dosages in the binary systems by the spent tea waste ranged from 38.5% to 100% for lead, 11.50% to 100% for cadmium and was 100% for mercury. In the ternary system, the adsorption efficiency of toxic metals ranged from 28.91% to 72.85% for cadmium and was 100% for mercury and lead. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qe) for toxic metals in the binary system ranged from 38.46 to 81.97 mg/g for Pb2+ and 12.64 to 56.82 mg/g for Cd2+. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was the best fit for the adsorption of toxic metals by Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured. The pH under which the experiments were conducted showed very high removal efficiency for lead and mercury but lower removal efficiencies for cadmium. Spent Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent of toxic metals from greywater or wastewater. Based on our findings, further studies should be conducted to determine the effects of varying the contact time, temperature and elevated metal concentrations in the greywater or other wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dende and babassu coconuts are largely used in tropical countries, namely in Brazil, for the extraction of oils from kernels. The remaining biowastes are industrially processed to produce porous carbons (PCs). PCs derived from dende and babassu biowastes and produced at an industrial scale have been characterized by textural, chemical, and ecotoxicological parameters. A commercial activated carbon (CC) of mineral origin has been used as a benchmarking material. Although the CC sample presented a higher surface area (SBET = 1083 m2/g), the PCs derived from the biowastes were richer in micropores (Vmicro = 0.25–0.26 cm3/g), while the CC carbon presented wider pore size distribution with a higher mesopore volume (Vmeso = 0.41 cm3/g). All the adsorbents used in this work have shown a non-acute ecotoxic behavior for the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (EC50-30 min > 99% v/v). The adsorbents have been tested for paracetamol and Cu2+ adsorption in mono- and bicomponent solutions. The uptake capacities of paracetamol (qe, 98–123 mg g−1) and Cu2+ (qe, 15–18 mg g−1) from monocomponent solutions were similar to the ones obtained in the bicomponent solutions, indicating no competition or cooperative effects but a site-specific adsorption. This finding represents an advantage for the removal of these adsorbates when present in the same solution as they can be adsorbed under similar rates as in the single systems. Paracetamol adsorption was related to micropore filling, π-π interactions, and H-bonding, whereas Cu2+ removal was attributed to the cation exchange mechanism and complexation to the hydroxyl groups at the carbons' surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is infrequent to have a single metal in the wastewater. For this reason, the elimination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in one and two-component system was examined by xanthate-modified Phaseolus vulgaris in a batch mode. Through grafting, sulphur-bearing groupings with the help of magnesium xanthate were added onto P. vulgaris and xanthate-modified innovative P. vulgaris biosorbent has been produced for the removal of metal ions, that is, lead and cadmium. These innovative sulphur sites were attained successfully and confirmed with the help of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and change in surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The point of zero charges pHpzc of xanthate-modified P. vulgaris was observed to be 7.20 which makes it appropriate for the sorption of cations. The batch sorption implementation of xanthate-modified P. vulgaris includes sorbent amount, pH, linear and non-linear regression analysis, and kinetic curves. The xanthate-modified P. vulgaris adsorbed 95.65% cadmium (at pH 4.0) and 90.36% of lead (at pH 5.0) from a single aqueous system. The sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by xanthate-modified P. vulgaris follow the linear regression of Langmuir isotherm with qmax of 160.97 and 150.50 mg/L, respectively which is substantially greater than that of many other reported ones. The xanthate-modified P. vulgaris demonstrated rapid uptake capacity of Pb2+ and Cd2+ following the high value of correlation coefficient with pseudo-second-order kinetics. This sorption process for Pb2+ and Cd2+ was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. The binding capacities however reduced in the binary system. This, therefore revealed that the xanthate-modified P. vulgaris can be an encouraging biosorbent for the remediation of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption is one of the most easy-to-operate, less costly, efficient and, most importantly, environmentally friendly methods of removing toxic metals from aqueous environments. We used spent Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured to recover mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) in binary and ternary systems from greywater. We undertook this study in binary and ternary systems at adsorbent dosages with a corresponding 100 mL varied initial metal concentrations of the greywater. The adsorption efficiency at varied concentrations and dosages in the binary systems by the spent tea waste ranged from 38.5% to 100% for lead, 11.50% to 100% for cadmium and was 100% for mercury. In the ternary system, the adsorption efficiency of toxic metals ranged from 28.91% to 72.85% for cadmium and was 100% for mercury and lead. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qe) for toxic metals in the binary system ranged from 38.46 to 81.97 mg/g for Pb2+ and 12.64 to 56.82 mg/g for Cd2+. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was the best fit for the adsorption of toxic metals by Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured. The pH under which the experiments were conducted showed very high removal efficiency for lead and mercury but lower removal efficiencies for cadmium. Spent Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent of toxic metals from greywater or wastewater. Based on our findings, further studies should be conducted to determine the effects of varying the contact time, temperature and elevated metal concentrations in the greywater or other wastewater. Significance: • This study provides useful information on how spent Impra Green Tea Ginseng Flavoured can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent of toxic metals from greywater or wastewater.

This paper describes recent studies of the FS CMa-type objects, a group of stars showing the B[e] phenomenon defined in 2007. The objects exhibit strong emission-line spectra with both permitted and forbidden lines suggesting the presence of a B-type star as well as strong IR excesses due to radiation of circumstellar dust. These properties are hard to explain in the framework of the evolution of single stars with luminosities between ~300 and ~30,000 L⊙ typical of most B-type stars. We explore the hypothesis that the gaseous-and-dusty envelopes of FS CMa objects are due to either earlier or ongoing mass transfer between the binary system components. It is hard to detect the secondary components in these systems because of veiling and distortions by the circumstellar matter because of the relative faintness of the companions. Nevertheless, we detected regular radial velocity variations of the spectral lines in MWC 728, 3 Pup, and AS 386 and we found absorption lines typical of cool stars in the spectra of MWC 645, AS 174, and several other objects. The diversity of the secondary components in FS CMa objects is discussed in the context of non-conservative binary evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtained spectra of several bright binary systems (ζ 02 UMa, 2 Lac, and ϕ Aql), which were mostly observed with photographic plates and whose orbits were not determined very accurately. Each system was monitored for a few years with the 81-cm telescope equipped with an échelle spectrograph at the Three College Observatory in North Carolina. The spectra were taken in a wavelength range between 4000 and 7900 Å with a spectral resolution of R ∼ 12,000. Radial velocity measurements were done using cross-correlation in selected spectral regions or by measuring positions of individual spectral lines. Refined orbits and stellar parameters are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical properties of binary systems are of great importance for the application of the latter. We report on the investigation of an ammonium sulfamate–urea binary system with different component ratios using a combination of experimental (FTIR, XRD, TGA/DSC, and melting point) and theoretical (DFT, QTAIM, ELF, RDG, ADMP, etc.) techniques. It is shown that, at a temperature of 100 °C, the system under study remains thermally and chemically stable for up to 30 min. It was established using X-ray diffraction analysis that the heating time barely affects the X-ray characteristics of the system. Data on the aggregate states in specified temperature ranges were obtained with thermal analysis and determination of the melting point. The structures of the ammonium sulfamate–urea system with different component ratios were optimized within the density functional theory. The atom-centered density matrix propagation calculation of the ammonium sulfamate–urea system with different component ratios was performed at temperatures of 100, 300, and 500 K. Regardless of the component ratio, a regular increase in the potential energy variation (curve amplitude) with an increase in temperature from 100 to 500 K was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a data-centric deep learning (DL) approach using neural networks (NNs) to predict the thermodynamics of ternary solid solutions. We explore how NNs can be trained with a dataset of Gibbs free energies computed from a CALPHAD database to predict ternary systems as a function of composition and temperature. We have chosen the energetics of the FCC solid solution phase in 226 binaries consisting of 23 elements at 11 different temperatures to demonstrate the feasibility. The number of binary data points included in the present study is 102,000. We select six ternaries to augment the binary dataset to investigate their influence on the NN prediction accuracy. We examine the sensitivity of data sampling on the prediction accuracy of NNs over selected ternary systems. It is anticipated that the current DL workflow can be further elevated by integrating advanced descriptors beyond the elemental composition and more curated training datasets to improve prediction accuracy and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method of self-diffusion coefficient relationship in binary systems is proposed. • The method is suitable for binary systems with different supramolecular structures. • The transition from average values to partial values is presented. • The method can be useful when there are limited experimental data. This work considers a new method for establishing the relationship between concentration dependences of self-diffusion coefficients of binary mixture components. The proposed method is based on the concept of self-diffusion coefficient of a system and is similar to the method used to analyze partial values of a system's extensive properties. From a theoretical point of view, this approach extends the possibilities of self-diffusion analysis and also makes it possible to obtain data on the self-diffusion of the second component based on the concentration dependence of the self-diffusion of one of the components of a binary mixture. The example of its practical application presented in the work is semi-empirical and can be useful when there are limited experimental data. This approach also allows for the first time, based on experimental data, to compare the concentration dependences of the average and partial values of the solution components. This method was tested on 10 binary liquid systems of non-electrolytes with different degrees and character of molecular association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chirality of the polyether ionophore monensic acid A can be successfully used to study its coordination ability in solution. A complementary approach to gain new insights into the complexation chemistry of the antibiotic (studied previously by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the ultraviolet range (UV-CD)) is presented. (1) Methods: The CD spectroscopy in the visible (VIS-CD) and near-infrared (NIR-CD) range is applied to evaluate the affinity of deprotonated monensic acid A (monensinate A) towards Ni(II) or Co(II) cations in methanolic solution. Competition experiments between a variety of colorless divalent metal ions for binding the ligand anion were also performed. (2) Results: The stability constants of the species observed in binary Ni(II)/Co(II)-monensinate systems and their distribution were reevaluated with the VIS- and NIR-CD techniques. The data confirmed the formation of mono and bis complexes depending on the metal-to-ligand molar ratio. The studies on the systems containing two competing divalent metal cations exclude the formation of ternary complex species but provide an opportunity to also calculate the stability constants of Zn(II), Mg(II), and Ca(II) monensinates. (3) Conclusions: The advantages of CD spectroscopy in the VIS-NIR range (“invisible” ligand and metal salts, “visible” chiral complex species) simplify the experimental dataset evaluation and increase the reliability of computed results.

There is growing evidence that many Be stars are parts of binary systems. As the B-type primaries are very fast rotators and their spectral lines may be distorted by the circumstellar material, it is not easy to measure their radial velocity directly from the spectral lines. It has been shown that some Be binaries exhibit peak intensity variations consisting of double-peaked Hα lines that are phase-locked with orbital periods. We searched for such variations in the spectra of 12 Be stars, including several known and suspected binaries. Our results include confirmation of the orbital periods in ν Geminorum, ϵ Capricorni, κ Draconis, 60 Cygni, and V2119 Cygni, its refinement in o Puppis, as well as suggesting hints for binarity in o Aquarii, BK Camelopardalis, and 10 Cassiopeae. Monitoring of the Hα line profile variations in β Canis Minoris for over the last 10 years gives further support to the existence of a 182.5-day period found earlier in a smaller set of data. A similar but still preliminary period (179.6 days) was found in the Hα line profile variations in ψ Persei. It is shown for the first time that ν Geminorum exhibits phase-locked variations in the Hα emission peak intensity ratio and, therefore, is a part of the inner binary in this triple system. Our results show that the mentioned phase-locked peak intensity variations are observed in more Be binary systems than previously known and can be used to search for binarity of Be stars when application of other methods is inconclusive.

One of the major issues with dental implants is failure due to bacterial infection, and additions of copper are known to improve the antimicrobial properties of Ti alloys. There are inconsistencies in the Ti rich area of the Cu-Ti binary phase diagram, hence the need to find out if Ti2Cu or Ti3Cu is formed, and to identify the type of formation of Ti2Cu. Four alloys: 20, 33, 40 and 50 Cu (mass%) were produced by arc melting and studied using SEM, XRD and DSC. The reactions were derived, and the temperatures of the reactions were determined by DSC. The formation of Ti2Cu is congruent, and no Ti3Cu was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the initial stage of the design of a medicinal substance the physicochemical characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is essential. Preformulation of the active substances aims to minimize the problems associated with obtaining the proper formulation in subsequent stages of drug development, reduction the costs of drug research and optimization the time for the transition from active substance to drug form and reaching to the market. This paper contains the pathway of synthesis of selected dibromobenzimidazole derivatives and their physicochemical characteristics. The selected group contained three dibromobenzimidazole derivatives differing in type, size, and polarity of substituents in N-1 and C-2 positions of the benzimidazole core. The examined substances were: (5,6-dibromo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (DB1), 2-(5,6-dibromo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone (DB2), [5,6-dibromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetonitrile (DB3). The physicochemical characteristics consist of thermal analyses, solubilities, and ionization constants. Thermal analyses were performed using differential scanning calorimetry. Solubilities of the substances were determined in water, ethanol, and 1-octanol at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were correlated with thermodynamic models based on local concentration theory. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine ionization constants at temperatures 298.2 K and 310.2 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate the simultaneous adsorption of basic red 2 (BR2) and basic violet 3 (BV3) in a binary system in a batch mode using date stones as low cost adsorbents. For both dyes, experimental kinetic data were well fitted by the Brouers–Sotolongo model $(R^{2}= 0.99)$ and intraparticle diffusion was the controlling step in mass transfer mechanisms. The intraparticle diffusion extent was found to be lower for BR2 ($1.13 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$) than for BV3 ($1.11 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$) when compared to individual solutions ($1.24 \times 10^{-10}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$ and $1.76 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$ for BR2 and BV3, respectively). The equilibrium study revealed lower adsorption capacities (41.95 and 88.91 mg/g for BR2 and BV3, respectively) compared to the individual sorption results (92.00 and 136.00 mg/g for BR2 and BV3, respectively) for both dyes. To assess the extent of competition and the preference of dyes for functional sites, competition and separation factors were calculated suggesting an antagonistic effect as well as a greater affinity for BV3 than for BR2 to the adsorption sites. The equilibrium adsorption results were best fitted by modified Langmuir and $P$-factor Langmuir isotherms for BR2 and BV3, respectively. Besides, based on enthalpy values (16.30 and 30.26 kJ/mol for BR2 and BV3, respectively), the simultaneous adsorption of both dyes was endothermic while the entropy revealed a higher affinity of the investigated adsorbent to BV3. The sorption process in separate systems (BR2 and BV3) was thermodynamically feasible for both dyes with negative free enthalpy values. The comparison to single systems showed an increase of affinity for BV3 contrarily to BR2 and, a decrease of spontaneity with higher extent for BR2.

This paper describes recent studies of the FS CMa-type objects, a group of stars showing the B[e] phenomenon defined in 2007. The objects exhibit strong emission-line spectra with both permitted and forbidden lines suggesting the presence of a B-type star as well as strong IR excesses due to radiation of circumstellar dust. These properties are hard to explain in the framework of the evolution of single stars with luminosities between ~300 and ~30,000 L⊙ typical of most B-type stars. We explore the hypothesis that the gaseous-and-dusty envelopes of FS CMa objects are due to either earlier or ongoing mass transfer between the binary system components. It is hard to detect the secondary components in these systems because of veiling and distortions by the circumstellar matter because of the relative faintness of the companions. Nevertheless, we detected regular radial velocity variations of the spectral lines in MWC 728, 3 Pup, and AS 386 and we found absorption lines typical of cool stars in the spectra of MWC 645, AS 174, and several other objects. The diversity of the secondary components in FS CMa objects is discussed in the context of non-conservative binary evolution.

The physicochemical properties of binary systems are of great importance for the application of the latter. We report on the investigation of an ammonium sulfamate–urea binary system with different component ratios using a combination of experimental (FTIR, XRD, TGA/DSC, and melting point) and theoretical (DFT, QTAIM, ELF, RDG, ADMP, etc.) techniques. It is shown that, at a temperature of 100 °C, the system under study remains thermally and chemically stable for up to 30 min. It was established using X-ray diffraction analysis that the heating time barely affects the X-ray characteristics of the system. Data on the aggregate states in specified temperature ranges were obtained with thermal analysis and determination of the melting point. The structures of the ammonium sulfamate–urea system with different component ratios were optimized within the density functional theory. The atom-centered density matrix propagation calculation of the ammonium sulfamate–urea system with different component ratios was performed at temperatures of 100, 300, and 500 K. Regardless of the component ratio, a regular increase in the potential energy variation (curve amplitude) with an increase in temperature from 100 to 500 K was found.

The efficiency of Aspergillus tamarii (isolated from sludge of a textile industry) was investigated to remediate the synthetic solutions of reactive red 120 (RR120) dye and chromium(III) separately. Also, parallel studies were conducted on the bioremediation of binary system of chromium(III) and RR120 dye in different ratios. The study was conducted to find the potential of the A. tamarii for removing chromium(III) and color from solutions containing only chromium or only RR120 dye or both and the effect of RR120 and chromium on the growth of the strain were observed. Maximum dye removal 81 mg/L was observed from 100 mg/L RR120 dye solution at pH 5 up to 50 hours. Maximum chromium removal 88.3 mg/L was observed from 100 mg/L chromium (III) solution at pH 5 up to 50 hours. In previous studies, A. tamarii was used as a bioremediator for removing different chromium complex dyes. The removal of chromium(III) and color were compared from solutions of synthetic mixtures and chromium complex dyes. The response of bioremediation study was validated using multiple regression analysis.

We obtained spectra of several bright binary systems (ζ02 UMa, 2 Lac, and ϕ Aql), which were mostly observed with photographic plates and whose orbits were not determined very accurately. Each system was monitored for a few years with the 81-cm telescope equipped with an échelle spectrograph at the Three College Observatory in North Carolina. The spectra were taken in a wavelength range between 4000 and 7900 Å with a spectral resolution of R∼ 12,000. Radial velocity measurements were done using cross-correlation in selected spectral regions or by measuring positions of individual spectral lines. Refined orbits and stellar parameters are presented.

In this study, the fabrication of single grain bulks (Y,Er)Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−x "(Y,Er)−123" superconductors is well studied to enhance high superconducting performance in the mixed binary system between yttrium and erbium elements. A series of isothermal experiments of mixed (Y,Er) 2 BaCuO 5 "(Y,Er)−211" binary system has been prepared at various constant temperatures for 50 hours to optimize the heating pattern to produce large-sized (Y,Er)−123 bulks single domain. (Y,Er)−123 bulks were fabricated using the infiltration growth (IG) process. All samples obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and trapped field measurements. In isothermal experiments, it revealed that the optimum temperature obtained to grow a good (Y,Er)−123 bulks was at 985 °C. All samples showed T c-onset from 89 K to 91 K indicating all samples show superconducting nature. Microstructural analysis indicated that the presence of non-superconducting (Y,Er)−211 fine particles within the (Y,Er)−123 matrix improved the J c values up to 41.60 kA/cm2. On the other hand, slow cooling bulk (Y,Er)−123 has been conducted after obtaining the optimum growth temperature window from the isothermal experiment. (Y,Er)−123 bulks were fabricated using a slow cooling IG process. It revealed that the homogenous distribution of (Y,Er)−211 particles in the (Y,Er)−123 matrix improved the superconducting performance, J c, and trapped field. As a result, J c obtained for a single domain of (Y,Er)−123 bulk was 43.03 kA/cm2 at 77 K, H// c -axis and self-field. • This approach is useful and simple to obtain a good optimum temperature for binary system Y,ErBCO. • We use Y211 and Er211 powders synthesis by conventional solid-state method. • An isothermal study was conducted to produce Y,Er-BCO bulk superconductor. • High critical current density, J c was greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tarek A Ahmed1,2 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Background: This work aimed to develop a new solid dosage formulation of vinpocetine (VPN) in the form of buccal freeze-dried pullulan-based tablets (lyoplant-tabs) loaded with physically modified drug binary system. Methods: Different polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) grades were studied to prepare an efficient VPN binary system characterized by enhanced equilibrium saturation solubility, solubilization efficiency, thermodynamic stability, and permeation through oral mucosal cell lines. The concentrations of pullulan and swelling-aid polymer that affect the quality attributes of lyoplant-tabs were optimized. Clinical pharmacokinetics study on human volunteers for the optimized lyoplant-tabs compared to marketed product was accomplished. Results: A promising drug binary system with polyvinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVP-VA64) utilizing the lyophilization technique was developed. Solid-state characterization confirmed transformation of VPN completely into the amorphous form. The concentrations of pullulan and swelling-aid polymer were significantly affecting the characteristics of the tablets. Compared to the commercial VPN tablets, pullulan-based buccal tablets demonstrated enhancement in the studied pharmacokinetic parameters with positive impact on the drug bioavailability. Conclusion: These VPN lyoplant-tabs containing lyophilized PVP-VA64-VPN binary system can be considered as an alternative to currently available marketed tablets; however, further preclinical investigations using large number of volunteers are required. Keywords: vinpocetin, freeze-drying, binary system, buccal tablets, permeation, clinical pharmacokinetics

This study presents the consecutive modification of orange peel (OP) by NaOH and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for simultaneous elimination of basic dyes from the binary system and modeling the adsorption process using an intelligent tool. The natural and modified biosorbents were characterized by variety of analyses such as: field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, N2 physisorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The influence of various variables on dye removal like pH, the quantity of biosorbents, dyes concentration, contact time, and temperature in the binary system were investigated and optimized by an artificial neural network (ANN) model as an intelligent tool. The optimum quantity of the sorbent was found to be 0.30 g for orange peel (OP) and 0.25 g for NaOH-treated OP (NOP) and SDS-decorated NOP (SNOP) at pH = 7. The kinetics and thermodynamics investigations showed that the removal of dyes obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and were spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Moreover, in order to describe the mechanism of sorption process, desorption studies of dyes were carried out. The desorption percentages of methylene blue (MB) in water and HCl were found to be in the range of 1.93%-4.76% and 18.87%-28.76%, respectively; in addition, the desorption percentages of crystal violet (CV) in water and HCl were obtained to be in the range of 4.11%-7.41% and 32.84%-43.00%, respectively; which could be a recommendation ion exchange or electrostatic attachment of dyes onto biosorbents. The ANN predictions matched with the experimental data very well (0.95308 < R² < 0.99191 and 0.98335 < R² < 0.99773 for MB and CV, respectively) which indicated high accuracy of the ANN model. In addition, the relative importance of each parameter was calculated by Garson's equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) is an open international voluntary project specializing in observations of the near-Earth space objects. Observatories collaborating with ISON provide the global coverage and successfully combine the observations of the space debris and asteroids. The network includes more than 50 telescopes of 27 observatories in 15 countries and has been working since 2005. ISON monitors the whole GEO region and tracks the objects at GEO, GTO, HEO and LEO. ISON data allowing maintenance of the database of the space objects orbits, validating space debris population model and providing conjunction assessment analysis for satellites at high orbits. ISON develops the technology of asteroid survey with small telescopes and arranges regular photometry observations of near-Earth asteroids (NEA) to investigate the YORP effect, search new binary NEAs, and support radar experiments.

This paper is dedicated to derive and study binary systems of identical corotating dyonic black holes separated by a massless strut—two 5-parametric corotating binary black hole models endowed with both electric and magnetic charges—where the dyonic black holes carrying equal/opposite electromagnetic charges in the first/second model satisfy the extended Smarr formula for the mass including the magnetic charge as a fourth conserved parameter.