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For the first time, a self-consistent mathematical approach to describe economic processes with a general form of a memory function is proposed. In this approach, power-type memory is a special case of such general memory. The memory is described by pairs of memory functions that satisfy the Sonin and Luchko conditions. We propose using general fractional calculus (GFC) as a mathematical language that allows us to describe a general form of memory in economic processes. The existence of memory (non-locality in time) means that the process depends on the history of changes to this process in the past. Using GFC, exactly solvable economic models of natural growth with a general form of memory are proposed. Equations of natural growth with general memory are equations with general fractional derivatives and general fractional integrals for which the fundamental theorems of GFC are satisfied. Exact solutions for these equations of models of natural growth with general memory are derived. The properties of dynamic maps with a general form of memory are described in the general form and do not depend on the choice of specific types of memory functions. Examples of these solutions for various types of memory functions are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the agri-food industry, strategic digital branding and digital marketing are essential for maintaining competitiveness. This study examines the economic dynamics and impact of desktop and mobile customer analytics on digital branding strategies within the sector. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research utilizes empirical evidence to validate hypotheses regarding the influence of desktop and mobile analytics metrics on key digital branding metrics and value creation. This study explores various branding indicators by utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, regression models, and fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM). The findings reveal significant correlations between desktop and mobile analytics and digital branding outcomes, underscoring the critical role of digital analytics and Decision Support Systems (DSSs) in shaping modern branding strategies in the agri-food industry. This study highlights the economic implications of desktop and mobile customer analytics on digital branding, providing insights to enhance market performance and foster sustainable growth in the agri-food sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies evolution of low-carbon economy concept development as a new model of economy and environmental regulation. The analyzed scientific research of Russian and foreign scientists allowed to identify main mechanisms, methods, and key factors of new low-carbon economy development and transformation, to classify energy efficiency indicators, as well as to systematize its current trends. To date, all international experts, politicians, and non-governmental organizations have come to a common opinion that “green” (low-carbon) economy is an important direction to achieve sustainable economic development, social policy, and environmental conservation. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that low-carbon economy development in the conditions of serious transformation of energy and global economic crisis is the main lever of gradual transition to ecological civilization, providing interaction, and coordination of economic, social, and environmental aspects. Based on the study results, conclusions have been drawn that can determine the key directions for forming economic development programs and projects to optimize energy efficiency resources. Considering global climate change, it is necessary to take a number of important measures to eliminate negative impacts on the environmental sphere.

Purpose of the study. This article analyzes the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and innovation through econometric modeling based on data for 70 countries for 2020–2021. The main goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between network human capital, economic development and innovation activity.Materials and methods. The present study is based on feedback methodology. On the one hand, the development of human capital is a strategic factor in sustainable economic development. On the other hand, economic resources that increase under development conditions are invested in human capital. The authors have developed a two-stage method for assessing the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and the development of innovation. At the first stage, the influence of human capital on the factors of innovative development, assessed by the indexes of the Global Innovation Index (GII), was assessed. At the second stage, an assessment of the contribution of these factors to GDP per employee was modeled. The method was implemented through the development of econometric models that allow assessing the contributions of network human capital to economic dynamics based on the profile of the national economy and assessing the dependence of GDP per employee on the employment structure of the national economy.Results. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the impact of human capital accumulation on the innovative development of the economy was assessed. Statistically significant relationships between: an increase in human capital and the acceleration of the pace of development of new technologies and the knowledge economy; development of creative activity; increasing innovative ties have been identified and substantiated. Based on the modeling results, we empirically assessed, firstly, the contribution of network human capital to GDP per employee; secondly, the increasing contribution of new industries to GDP per employee and the decreasing contribution of traditional industries (using the example of agriculture); thirdly, the more significant contribution of those employed in IT compared to the contribution of those employed in education and healthcare to GDP per employee.Conclusion. The results of the modeling proved that network human capital influences economic growth and innovative development through two mechanisms. Firstly, network human capital is directly involved in the production processes of the platform economy as a factor of production. In this sense, the accumulation of network human capital directly increases aggregate output. Secondly, the accumulation of network human capital has a positive effect on classical factors of production and, in particular, contributes to technological progress.

This article aimed to analyze the behavior of the northeastern municipal economic dynamics explained in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in relation to the volume of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) destined for each entity, the proportion obtained from the Votes by the Mayor Elected (VPE) in the face of the set of voters participating in the election on the spot and the Mayor-Elect Party Coalition (CPPE) established or not with the state governor, based on per capita variables, in the period of 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016. Methodologically, it was used to measurement of research results the quantile regression model for panel data. The results showed that GDP responded positively to PBF and negatively in most countries. municipalities to the VPE and CPPE did not bring favorable impacts on the northeastern municipal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium, play a pivotal role in various industries due to their unique properties. Palladium is frequently employed in technologies aimed at environmental preservation, such as catalytic converters that reduce harmful emissions from vehicles, and in the production of clean energy, notably in the hydrogen evolution process. Regrettably, the production of this vital metal for our environment is predominantly centered in two countries—Russia and South Africa. This centralization has led to palladium being classified as a critical raw material, emphasizing the importance of establishing a secure and sustainable supply chain, as well as employing the most efficient methods for processing materials containing palladium. This review explores techniques for palladium production from primary sources and innovative recycling methods, providing insights into current technologies and emerging approaches. Furthermore, it investigates the economic aspects of palladium production, including price fluctuations influenced by emission regulations and electric vehicle sales, and establishes connections between palladium prices, imports from major producers, as well as copper and nickel prices, considering their often co-occurrence in ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, a self-consistent mathematical approach to describe economic processes with a general form of a memory function is proposed. In this approach, power-type memory is a special case of such general memory. The memory is described by pairs of memory functions that satisfy the Sonin and Luchko conditions. We propose using general fractional calculus (GFC) as a mathematical language that allows us to describe a general form of memory in economic processes. The existence of memory (non-locality in time) means that the process depends on the history of changes to this process in the past. Using GFC, exactly solvable economic models of natural growth with a general form of memory are proposed. Equations of natural growth with general memory are equations with general fractional derivatives and general fractional integrals for which the fundamental theorems of GFC are satisfied. Exact solutions for these equations of models of natural growth with general memory are derived. The properties of dynamic maps with a general form of memory are described in the general form and do not depend on the choice of specific types of memory functions. Examples of these solutions for various types of memory functions are suggested.

Structural change tests aim to identify evidence of a structural break or change in the underlying generating process of a time series. The BDS test has its origins in chaos theory and seeks to test, using the correlation integral, the hypothesis that a time series is generated by an identically and independently distributed (IID) stochastic process over time. The BDS test is already widely used as a powerful tool for testing the hypothesis of white noise in the residuals of time series models. In this paper, we illustrate how the BDS test can be implemented also in a recursive manner to evaluate the hypothesis of structural change in a time series, taking advantage of its ability to test the IID hypothesis. We apply the BDS test repeatedly, starting with a sub-sample of the original time series and incrementally increasing the number of observations until it is applied to the full sample time series. A structural change in the unknown underlying generator model is detected when a change in the trend shown by this recursively computed BDS statistic is detected. The strength of this recursive BDS test lies in the fact that it does not require making any assumptions about the underlying time series generator model. We ilustrate the power and potential of this recursive BDS test through an application to real economic data. In this sense, we apply the test to assess the structural changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in international financial markets. Using daily data from the world's top stock indices, we have detected strong and statistically significant evidence of two major structural changes during the period from June 2018 to June 2022. The first occurred in March 2020, coinciding with the onset of economic restrictions in the main Western countries as a result of the pandemic. The second occurred towards the end of August 2020, with the end of the main economic restrictions and the beginning of a new post-pandemic economic scenario. This methodology to test for structural changes in a time series is easy to implement and can detect changes in any system or process behind the time series even when this generating system is not known, and without the need to specify or estimate any a priori generating model. In this sense, the recursive BDS test could be incorporated as an initial preliminary step to any exercise of time series modeling. If a structural change is detected in a time series, rather than estimating a single predictive model for the full-sample time series, efforts should be made to estimate different predictive models, one for the time before and one for the time after the detected structural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of value aims to explain the way prices function as a coordination mechanism of market societies. A coherent approach to the theory of value must be monetary and, in addition, it must analyze the dynamics of the economy in a disaggregated manner, considering the interdependent relations between the different individual economic activities. Here, we review the main monetary models of theories of value, both neoclassical and classical-Marxian. We analyze their scope and limits and conclude by highlighting a dilemma they face between their results’ generality and specificity.

This paper studies the problems of the organization of research of the sustainability of economic systems by analyzing their dynamic properties and investigating the potential of improvement of economic and mathematical modeling of such research. This problematics is investigated in a case study of the economy of modern Russia; in particular such methodology may serve as an instrument of the controlled transition of the country's economic dynamics to the sustained trajectories of growth. Results of the study are intended for use by individuals and entities that make economic decisions both at the regional and country levels. We emphasize the critical importance of individuals making economic decisions in the control loop, the necessity of rhythmic and timely development of the base «input-output» tables and dynamic input-output models. In the case of the realities of modern Russia, only one methodology surfaces as the optimal solution: the Keynesian methodology approach-with its gradual change of the economic structure applied to the management of the country's economics it is bound to enhance the country's economic dynamics and growth. On the contrary, lack of implementation of "non- market" management practices in the economy of Russia will be detrimental and without prospects for an extended period of time.

The IS-LM model for economy of Ukraine in 2000-2008 has been created in the paper by econometric methods. There were algorithms of creating the curves showing equilibrium of goods and money markets under consideration, some conclusions about the Ukrainian macrosystem’s current state and dynamics have been drawn for the considered period.

Structural change tests aim to identify evidence of a structural break or change in the underlying generating process of a time series. The BDS test has its origins in chaos theory and seeks to test, using the correlation integral, the hypothesis that a time series is generated by an identically and independently distributed (IID) stochastic process over time. The BDS test is already widely used as a powerful tool for testing the hypothesis of white noise in the residuals of time series models. In this paper, we illustrate how the BDS test can be implemented also in a recursive manner to evaluate the hypothesis of structural change in a time series, taking advantage of its ability to test the IID hypothesis. We apply the BDS test repeatedly, starting with a sub-sample of the original time series and incrementally increasing the number of observations until it is applied to the full sample time series. A structural change in the unknown underlying generator model is detected when a change in the trend shown by this recursively computed BDS statistic is detected. The strength of this recursive BDS test lies in the fact that it does not require making any assumptions about the underlying time series generator model. We ilustrate the power and potential of this recursive BDS test through an application to real economic data. In this sense, we apply the test to assess the structural changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in international financial markets. Using daily data from the world’s top stock indices, we have detected strong and statistically significant evidence of two major structural changes during the period from June 2018 to June 2022. The first occurred in March 2020, coinciding with the onset of economic restrictions in the main Western countries as a result of the pandemic. The second occurred towards the end of August 2020, with the end of the main economic restrictions and the beginning of a new post-pandemic economic scenario. This methodology to test for structural changes in a time series is easy to implement and can detect changes in any system or process behind the time series even when this generating system is not known, and without the need to specify or estimate any a priori generating model. In this sense, the recursive BDS test could be incorporated as an initial preliminary step to any exercise of time series modeling. If a structural change is detected in a time series, rather than estimating a single predictive model for the full-sample time series, efforts should be made to estimate different predictive models, one for the time before and one for the time after the detected structural change.

Although the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) advocate, through SDG 4 and SDG 10, equitable quality education and the reduction of inequalities within and between countries, respectively, few studies have examined how inequalities in regional sustainability influence higher education. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between regional sustainability and higher education in China using fixed-effects panel modelling. A systematic force framework showing how regional sustainability drives higher education was constructed from economic, social, and environmental perspectives, and the endogeneity in the process of how regional sustainability affects higher education was explored by introducing one-year lagged values as instrumental variables. Our results show that regional sustainability has a significant impact on higher educational attainment in China, with differing effects in the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. In central China, economic sustainability plays a significant positive role in higher educational attainment; in the western region, economic and social sustainability have stronger positive effects, while environmental sustainability has significantly negative effects. In terms of policy implications, our findings can be used to support regional development policies to promote regional higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the issue arising from the stalling of the new economic policy implemented in the Russian Far East in the context of the dichotomy between economic development and economic growth. We consider the actual difference in the economic content of these two components of the objective function of regional economic dynamics. It is demonstrated that the difference in the internal content of these two components determines, in turn, the difference in economic policy itself and determines the fact that such economic policy itself is internally contradictory. We argue that the order of ‘steps’, through which the regional economic policy is implemented, plays the key role and the final result is determined directly and clearly by the way the order of objectives set in the objective function: ‘growth and development’ or ‘development and growth’. Three waves of economic dynamics of the Far East over a 150-year period are demonstrated, and a question of whether it is possible to move on to the fourth wave is raised. We also assess the most likely outcomes of the current policy which are exaggerated development of the resource sector, stalling of the growth of endogenous aggregate demand and the inability to switch to endogenous growth, the dominance of the parameters of external and national growth over the parameters of economic growth in the region, and stagnation of the parameters of economic development in the region. We determine the main reason for the discussed outcomes: the gap between the resources that should generate development and growth, and the demand that should accumulate these resources and transform them into development results that must eventually become the basis of economic growth

This paper examines the impact of digitalization on the industry of Russian economy. The results of an analytical study of the impact of digitalization on the dynamics of manufacturing enterprises are presented. The target setting is focused on the analysis of industrial dynamics in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the identification of prerequisites for the formation of an intelligent infrastructure for technological development in industry. The relevance of the study is due to the need to modernize industrial enterprises in the digital economy by updating fixed assets and putting into operation new equipment and software products (Compass-3D, SolidWorks, Mathcad, etc.) in accordance with the pace of modern technologization

The modern economy with all the variety of its structural elements, which every year is increasingly immersed in a hyper-connected digital space, new conditions of institutional functioning caused by both a change in technological patterns and innovative forms of thinking, needs to adjust the basic, established principles and models of economic growth. If earlier the material productive factors was played a key role, today their importance is to some extent offset by the increasing role of non-material factors of production, the most important of which should include reputation capital. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and theoretically support this scientific problem. The need to revise some principles of building models of economic dynamics and strategic management of the region based on the use and revision of structural, logical and evolutionary views on the construction of this process is substantiated in the article. Based on the results of systematization of the evolution of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional socio-economic development of territories / regions, the position is substantiated, according to which, in modern economic conditions, the effectiveness of territorial development should be based on research and strengthening of reputation capital.

The article is devoted to the development of indicators of the quality of economic growth. The authors associate the primary practical purpose of the system of indicators of the quality of economic growth with improving information and scientific and methodological support for the process of developing and implementing decisions of the state’s economic policy. We considered methodological aspects of compiling a system of indicators of the quality of economic growth, described problems in this area, and proposed approaches to their solution. Further, we gave estimates of factors that determine the dynamics of economic growth. We have provided a special place to the discussion of controversial issues in the field of assessing the quality of economic growth, including the problem of reconciling the idea of inclusive development and endogenous growth model of the Russian economy. It also includes approaches to the innovative factor in development outcomes that reflect the regional dimension in the system of quality indicators of economic development. The authors present and justify their views on several controversial issues, continuing the discussion of this topic that began in the framework of the Efimov Readings II (2019).

The article discusses the development of the Russian economy in the pandemic of a new coronavirus disease. The causes of prolonged stagnation are summarized and the barriers to the transition to recovery growth after the crisis of 2015–2016 are assessed. A macroeconomic ‘demand trap’ is described that impedes such a transition. It is shown that there is no possibility to use endogenous factors to exit this trap, and by early 2020 the external factors were in a state of unstable equilibrium which was disrupted by the beginning pandemic. The analysis of the pre-crisis dynamics of the global economy is carried out and it shows the probability of foreign demand to act as the Russian economy driver is low and, on the contrary, there is a high probability of aggravated stagnation in case of transition from low to negative growth rates in developed economies. Even without the pandemic, the global economy teetered on the brink of recession as low capital accumulation with an increasing rate of debt blocked the growth of aggregate demand. The article demonstrates how the forced restriction of economic activity in the pandemic caused a negative demand growth and the inadequate increase in government debt in the major world economies as to the level of interest and liquid reserves of state budgets that led to the transition of the world economy to the zone of negative GDP growth and employment rates. Variant calculations of economic and financial damage to the Russian economy have been made. The parameters of economic dynamics are estimated in connection with the introduced restraints of economic activity

This article intends to bring wider attention to the implementation of the electro-analog simulation technique in economic dynamics during the 1950s and the early 1960s. The paper first discusses the main characteristics of the approach. Then, it focusses on some economic applications in the theory of spatially separated markets, inventory dynamics and Goodwin’s nonlinear accelerator business cycles model. Despite several consubstantial shortcomings, we argue that this approach contributed to the production of original theoretical evidence in economic dynamics before the generalization of the use of digital computers.

The article addresses the contemporary debate on the so-called neoliberal globalization and the socioeconomic and territorial dynamics in the peripheral areas of capitalism, caused by the forms of integration that privilege financialization over the productive aspects, carried out by countries in Latin America. An important element in the understanding of neoliberalism that imposed a destructive logic of historical conquests (Welfare States) on everyone, was to escape from the vision of the economic mainstream and to rely on Political Economy and heterodox currents. This commodity-based insertion form directs economic, social and environmental policies according to neoliberal precepts and consolidates an unstable and vulnerable growth pattern that increases the degree of dependence and accounts for the situation of inequality and expropriation of minorities excluded from globalization. financial. The heart of the matter is the deregulation of financial, commercial and investment flows services proposed by market fundamentalism, which imposed itself on everyone, under the complacency of a National State that becomes smaller in the exercise of its role promoting development and public policies.

Main objective of the article – assessment of problems and opportunities of speeding up of world economic growth in the context of the crisis phenomena and turbulence in economy. Complication and reformatting of the economic relations between the countries represents serious challenges for modern economic dynamics. Methodological approach of the authors is based on assessment of the defining influence of new factors on delay of economic activity and economic development. The thesis about the defining impact of international trade on economic growth is called into question. It was analyzed the value and a role of the international companies as growth catalysts in the conditions of new technological revolution. It is established that risks of development of the world economy continue to increase, and the main of them – in decline in labor productivity in the developed countries, uncertainty concerning interest rates and economic policy of the states, the universal growth of sovereign and corporate debt of the states. It is shown that China has the increasing problems with the growth; however the flexibility of its economic policy allows to connect additional mechanisms of speeding up of social and economic development. In the European Union economic growth depends on the solution of problems of consolidation of the budgetary process, decrease in a debt, and in general – on reforming of the existing model of social and economic development. Prospects of economic dynamics will depend in many respects on stability of trade relations between the countries, and on the effective international cooperation directed to overcoming imbalances of the modern world economy. Opportunities and problems of an exit of developing countries to a trajectory of sustained economic growth in the conditions of digitalization and digital transformations in the world economy are estimated. Aggravation of a problem of inequality in the conditions of digitalization of the world economy is possible to overcome, however a number of measures in the sphere of industrial, innovative and regulatory policy is necessary. Also at the international level serious reforms in the sphere of financial regulation and taxation are necessary. The conclusions received as a result of the research have important practical importance as overcoming the problems stated above and also trade political differences between the countries will make economic growth steady and inclusive.

The combination of certain economic policies and a positive external situation contributed to high growth rates of the Argentine economy and a lower external debt during the first years of post-convertibility. The objective of this paper is to verify if the financial capital kept a central position in the Argentine economic process in the first decade of post-convertibility, by analysing the relations between the financial capital and the different areas of the economic dynamics. This central position was characterized by the ability of the financial capital to condition policy making decisions, partial disconnection with productive activity and high profitability. The study was carried out through a historical structural approach, limiting the areas of economic dynamics to its most relevant variables in the explanation of the functioning of Argentine economy.

The present study is aimed at exploring the socioeconomic determinants and implications of caste-based endogamous marriages in Punjab, the most populous province in Pakistan. The data for this study were collected from a sample of 24 participants (14 males and 10 females), who were married-within-caste, with diverse socioeconomic, educational, and geographic backgrounds. This study found social pressure, protection of family honor, geographic propinquity, and castebased stereotyping as key social factors reinforcing endogamous marriages in the province. Finally, the desire to avoid distribution of family's economic resources like property and land was found to be a leading economic determinant of caste-based endogamy. Further, endogamy hinders economic mobility of lower castes since economic capitals such as land and property are preserved through this marital practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We empirically test some Keynes’ (and post Keynesians’) assertions relative to the multiplier-accelerator principle. By means of the nonlinear causality test proposed by Diks and Wolski (2016), we conclude that in the United States domestic private investment is driven by permanent demand. We explain that this result is consistent with Keynes’s principle of effective demand in the long run. We hope this paper helps consolidating the potential consensus among Keynesian, Kaleckian and Sraffian economists initiated by the work of Allain (2015).

Subject. The subject of the article is an analysis of approaches to the definition of a long-term strategy for the development of the Russian economy in the context of the transition to a new model of economic growth that will ensure a stable and dynamic development of the national economy. Goals. The authors set themselves the following main tasks: the first is to define targets for improving the economic dynamics of the Russian economy based on the assessment of the current situation in the Russian economy. The second is to study the proposals and recommendations of the leading institutions and centers for bringing the economy to the trajectory of sustainable growth. The third is to supplement and clarify these proposals and recommendations with their own proposals. Methods. The analysis of the materials of the Center for Strategic Research (headed by A. Kudrin) and the “Growth Strategies” program (headed by B. Titov) made it possible to identify those proposals and recommendations that can be used to prepare the country’s long-term economic growth program. Results. The article suggests structural priorities for economic growth and specifies the features of accelerated technological modernization of industrial potential and large-scale development of the country’s infrastructure, which can significantly complement and expand the recommendations and proposals of leading economic centers and, at the end, significantly accelerate the solution of the country’s economic and social problems.

The dynamics of Chinese participation in the external relationship of the economy of Mato Grosso do Sul is related mainly to two factors. First, the Chinese development itself. Second, the development of the internal economy of Mato Grosso do Sul as a result of the dynamism of change in its productive chains that occurred from 2006/2009. The main objective of this article is to analyze the commercial relations between the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and China in relation to the profound transformations verified in the portfolio of the parties involved, between 1997 and 2019. Until 2004, China occupied only 2.94% of imports, with a limited portfolio of products and, in 2019, was the second main partner in imports with 19.71%. Exports followed the upward movement until China became the main trading partner of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2003, exports to China totaled less than 3% and in 2019 they reached 40.94%. The methodology used consisted in the study of important works related to Chinese development and the dynamics of the internal economy of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, besides systematization and analysis of statistical data from official organisms. Thus, it is noted, through this analysis, that there was a gradual increase in China's participation in exports to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, including greater diversification, adding there products with higher technological content, such as containers, electric motors, integrated circuits and chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the current economic dynamics, the urbanization and the expansion of the lower circuit of the urban economy in Rio Grande do Norte and, specifically, on the road axis Natal-Caicó. We have adopted this road as cutting analysis due to the fact that subsystem of potiguar territory connect municipalities of the interior and the coast of the State, stand out by intercity passenger flows and be characterized by cities whose economic center is the highway that passes through, being the highway bordered by various activities of the economy not hegemonic. Our analysis is grounded in theoretical reflections on the socioeconomic dynamics of the potiguar territory and in the interpretation of statistical data regarding this dynamic and primary data resulting from field research conducted on axis Natal-Caicó. Thus, we reflect on the economic modernization of the potiguar territory, paying attention to the process of urbanization of that territory and the road axis Natal-Caicó and understated the contribution of expansion of not hegemonic economy to the process of urbanization. We conclude whereas the cities and the economy grow based on supporters of poverty structural economic activities produced by the modernization of the territory, this characteristic of the process of precarious work. As systemic response to this situation, there is the threading of the urban economy, with the lower subsystem increasingly dependent on top, as well as more permanent and receiver of workers with precarious work relations and unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender gap in entrepreneurship has been observed for a long time, explained by both female-specific and gender-neutral factors, but none of these explanations is generally accepted. The aim of the paper is to assess the effect of internal economic dynamics on female entrepreneurship. Economic dynamics is a persistent process affected simultaneously by both endogenous and exogenous factors of a different time horizon, with the development trend and the business cycle as the most important time perspectives. The decomposition procedure of time series is implemented to extract trend and cyclical fluctuations, after which the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method is used to estimate models showing the impact of economic dynamics on female entrepreneurship in the long- and medium-run. The study concerns the countries of the Visegrad Group, including Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, and is based on quarterly data from the years 1998 to 2020. The results show that, although the economic dynamics impact female entrepreneurship, to some extent, it is not the most dominant factor. The impact of economic dynamics on female entrepreneurship is much stronger in the trend perspective than in the business cycle perspective. The nature of the effect of economic dynamics on female entrepreneurship is also country-specific.

Topic. If we need to predict the future economic development of the state it is necessary to build indicators that could be detectors of economic development. These detectors are integral indices that can describe the overall state of the economy of the state and can warn of turning points in the development in the future. The paper discusses methods of constructing such integral indices and compares them with the rates of industrial production. We provide analysis how to improve the prediction accuracy of the integrated indices through the use of methods of combining forecasts. Combining forecasts proved to be in practice an adequate method of improving the accuracy of forecasting in conditions of uncertainty of choice between individual forecasts.Purpose. The purpose of this work was the construction of three integrated indices describing the general state of the Russian economy: leading, coincident, and lagging, their statistical analysis, calculation of forecast values of the considered indices and the estimation of the influence on prediction accuracy of combining forecasts.Methodology. The study used statistical methods to construct the integrated indices as well as statistical methods of forecasting and the technique of building of combining forecasts.Results. The results of our researches have become integral indices for the Russian economy in the period from 1999 to 2016, and their statistical comparison with observed rates of industrial production. This created an opportunity for making the forecast of development of Russian economy for the next year and comparing the forecast results with the actual data for the first four months of 2017. There are built several prediction models which were combining into the overall forecast. Combining forecasts have improved the prediction accuracy.Conclusions. The result of the work allows concluding that the combining forecasts substantially improves forecasting accuracy of integrated indices and allows using the technique of amalgamated forecasts to predict “turning points” in economic development.

The economic dynamics of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine is considered. Steady negative trends in the volumes of production and sales of mechanical engineering products are revealed. The analysis of the export capabilities of the mechanical engineering industry in the context of the main commodity groups showed an increase in the exports of products of the third technological mode, which indicates a decrease in its science intensity. The study of the impact on the state of the industry of general macroeconomic trends, which are reflected in the changes in the Global Competitiveness Index of Ukraine in 2014-2016, demonstrated some improvements in the indicators characterizing the conditions of business management and the results of their innovation activities. With the purpose of assessing the conformity of the directions in innovation activities of enterprises in the industrial sector of Ukraine to the objectives of increasing their innovative potential, there conducted an analysis of the structure of innovation costs, which showed a significant predominance of costs on acquiring equipment, while the implementation of new technologies is carried out mainly on the basis of resource saving and not flexibility; the introduction of product innovations in the market, especially of fundamentally new ones, decreases. The examination of organizational forms of innovation management in mechanical engineering enterprises indicated the lack of complementarity of innovation management and quality management systems, as well as a low level of staff involvement in these improvement processes. The necessity of eliminating these deficiencies in management for increasing the innovative potential of enterprises and achieving cognitive self-sufficiency is underlined. It is noted that the principles underlying modern quality management systems can be used to solve these problems.

The objective of this article is to analyze the economic dynamic of the tertiary sector of Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, highlighting the services of education, specifically, public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and their role of dynamization of the local and regional economy where they are inserted. Thus, the HEI play an important role in regional development, contributing to mitigate the economic and social disparities. This article aims to scale the amount of financial resources handled by the campuses of Francisco Beltrão at the UNIOESTE and the UTFPR, as well as, to verify a spatialization of the interactions provided by the origin of the academic of these PHEI, which, in turn, allows us to deepen the understanding of the urban network and its centrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the paper is to mathematically reproduce the process of economic partnership between the two countries and its qualitative analysis, which include the following goals: to identify feasible outcomes, to formulate requirements for the selection of control parameters and coefficients, to give economic reasoning of the results of modelling and to provide alternative scenario of economic cooperation. Methodology. A method of mathematical modelling has been applied to investigate the possible socio-economic impact of integration of Ukraine into the EU economy. We are describing the basic mathematical model of the economy of Ukraine and two mathematical models of the possible convergence with the economies of the European Union or Russia. The results of modelling are reflected by the capacity of relevant dynamic systems and the quantitative distribution of savings. Results. On the basis of economic analysis of mathematical dependence, the conclusions on the possible economic consequences of integration of Ukraine into the economy of the European Union or Russia have been established. Practical implications. It has been found that a step towards the European Union (EU) requires the alteration of principles of economic management, timely government control. This should be done in the process of restructuring of social standards and commercial activity in terms of traditional forms of management of enterprises with low financial capacities. The process of convergence with the economy of Russia leads to conservation of the modern type of economy with many disadvantages of commercial management and government control as well as limitation of economic and political freedoms and growth of political instability in the country. Value/originality. The got results extend modern economic and mathematical tool for research of integration processes and acceptance of the proper economic decisions. Formalization of models of economy taking into account influence of the economic structured society on economic development allows at model level to probe difficult dynamic processes and possible consequences of integration of economy of Ukraine in the economy of European Union or Russia.

The possibility of dynamic analysis and forecasting production results using the power production functions of complex variables with real coefficients is considered. This model expands the arsenal of instrumental methods and allows multivariate production forecasts which are unattainable by other methods of real variables as the functions of complex variables simulate the production differently in comparison with the models of real variables. The values of coefficients of the power production functions of complex variables can be calculated for each statistical observation. This allows to consider the change of the coefficients over time, to analyze this trend and predict the values of the coefficients for a given term, thereby to predict the form of the production function, which forecasts the operating results. Thus, the model of the production function with variable coefficients is introduced into the scientific circulation. With this model, the inverse problem of forecasting might be solved, such as the determination of the necessary quantities of labor and capital to achieve the desired operational results. The study is based on the principles of the modern methodology of complex-valued economy, one of its sections is the complex-valued patterns of production functions. In the article, the possibility of economic forecasting is tested on the example of the UK economy. The results of this prediction are compared with the forecasts obtained by other methods, which have led to the conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the method of forecasting at the macro levels of production systems. A complex-valued power model of the production function is recommended for the multivariate prediction of sustainable production systems — the global economy, the economies of individual countries, major industries and regions.

In Slovenia, two key development documents, i.e. Slovenia's Development Strategy and Spatial Development Strategy of Slovenia, have been revised over the last two years. Various studies that assess the objectives or try to define a new vision of (spatial) development of Slovenia by 2050 have been conducted. To this end, we studied the economic profiles of Slovenian municipalities, based on the classification of economy into three groups: residential economy (R), productive economy (P), and creative economy (C). This paper therefore analyses the dynamics of the proposed economic profile of Slovenian municipalities in 2000–2013. The analysis of the economic profile dynamics was done for 192 municipalities from the beginning of the period. In particular, we analysed the economic profile and its movement within the municipalities of 15 regional centres of Slovenia. The results of the study show that Slovenia shifted from a predominantly productive economy (P) to a country with a predominantly residential economy (R), while it is becoming even stronger in creative economy (C). This new approach addresses the development challenges better than the previous division of the economy into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors.

In this paper, we consider a class of economic dynamics models in the form of linear functional differential systems with continuous and discrete times (hybrid models) that covers many kinds of dynamic models with aftereffect. The focus of attention is periodic boundary value problems with deviating argument, control problems with respect to general on-target vector-functional and questions of stability to solutions. For boundary value problems, some sharp sufficient conditions of the unique solvability are obtained. The attainability of on-target values is under study as applied to control problems with polyhedral constraints with respect to control, some estimates of the attainability set as well as estimates to a number of switch-points of programming control are presented. For a class of hybrid systems, a description of asymptotic properties of solutions is given.

The number of cross-border workers is high in the Greater Region. This phenomenon is due to dynamic differences (economic, fiscal, social benefits, property prices) that exist in this Region. This article offers a unique perspective on cross-border labour force with an interdisciplinary approach combining economics, sociology and geography. We will ask ourselves to what extent the daily practices of frontier workers influence the development of their territory of residence. We will mobilize the results of a field survey of two urban communities in Lorraine with a high proportion of cross-border workers. Thionville, border with Luxembourg and Forbach, border with Germany on the other side. We will demonstrate that cross-border work is interesting for people and their town of residence are trying to satisfy their specific needs even if this goal is expensive.

The purpose of the present article is to discuss the role the socialist ideas played in the development of economic thoughts. The paper considers a brief history of socialist thought, fundamental ideas of the scientists and publicists who made the greatest contribution to development of socialist concepts; common principles at a huge variety of such concepts; and criticism of socialist ideas made by representatives of alternative schools. A special focus of the paper is the discussion held in the period between the world wars on whether socialism could take place. In the critics’ opinion, socialization of the economy resulted in corrupted economic information which made economic calculations impossible in socialism and abolition of private ownership - in both eliminated freedom of choice and lower economic growth. In response, economists-socialists insisted on positive impacts through lower transactional costs and they proposed different types of market socialism. The author also makes an attempt to formulate what the socialist theories contributed to modern economics from the viewpoint of its research subject and definitions.