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While the primary sequences of human proteins have been cataloged for over a decade, determining how these are organized into a dynamic collection of multiprotein assemblies, with structures and functions spanning biological scales, is an ongoing venture. Systematic and data-driven analyses of these higher-order structures are emerging, facilitating the discovery and understanding of cellular phenotypes. At present, knowledge of protein localization and function has been primarily derived from manual annotation and curation in resources such as the Gene Ontology, which are biased toward richly annotated genes in the literature. Here, we envision a future powered by data-driven mapping of protein assemblies. These maps can capture and decode cellular functions through the integration of protein expression, localization, and interaction data across length scales and timescales. In this review, we focus on progress toward constructing integrated cell maps that accelerate the life sciences and translational research.

Brown v. Board of Education was a turning point in American law and race relations. In a country where segregated education was the law in seventeen states with completely separate and unequal schools, Brown found that segregation was “inherently unequal” and violated the Constitution. This report discusses the present realities of school segregation and the patterns of change over 70 years.

Since gaining independence in the early 19th century, Mexico embarked on a path toward building a nation-state. In criticizing the evolutionism that promotes white supremacy, Mexican society has embarked on a journey of introspection, delving into the essence of its indigenous national character. Following the Mexican Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, a nationalism advocating for integration was firmly established. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) government incorporated the principles of national integration into the broader building of the nation-state. On the one hand, it affirmed the crucial role of indigenous peoples and their cultures, tracing the origins of the Mexican nation-state back to these roots. On the other hand, the promotion of unified education, coupled with the implementation of a land-centered state corporatist system, aimed to achieve the integration and governance of Indigenous peoples, thereby incorporating them into the nation-building process and ultimately facilitating the integration of the nation-state. While the PRI government's integration efforts led to tendencies towards marginalization and assimilation of indigenous peoples, alongside insufficient attention to their rights and political participation, it fundamentally changed the historically unrecognized status of indigenous communities since the colonial era. These efforts primarily addressed the issues that had challenged Mexican social development concerning indigenous peoples since the colonial era, contributing to maintaining national stability over an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers, who are responsible for unaccompanied minors (UAM), have in-depth knowledge of those minors' backgrounds and the reception pathways they follow. The social workers support key aspects of UAM integration such as learning the host country's language, school integration and vocational training. Via 566 interviews collected through a survey carried out in collaboration with the Municipality of Milan, we asked social workers to provide an overall evaluation of the progress of each reception path, to test a synthetic indicator capable of effectively measuring UAM progress. We confirmed the reliability of this indicator, as the results correlated with outcomes used in the literature to assess UAM pathways, such as learning the host country's language, uninterrupted schooling and training, and deviant behaviour related to crime and drug abuse. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify the UAM characteristics associated with the overall operator's evaluation. Our analysis showed that the duration of stay in Italy before and after the start of the reception process had an impact on the social workers' evaluations, as did certain pre-arrival characteristics such as country of origin, years of study in the home country and underlying motivations for migrating. Finally, the psychological vulnerability of a significant number of UAM, often linked to traumatic experiences leading to migration or experienced during the journey, significantly penalises the success of reception pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When readers encounter information conflicting with the predictive inferences made earlier, they may update the outdated ones with new ones, a process known as predictive inference revision. The current study examined the revision of disconfirmed predictive inferences by the primarily weakly activated, thus low-competitive inference alternatives during Chinese narrative text reading among Chinese native speakers. We conducted an event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment to study the predictive inference revision with increasingly supportive information for the low-competitive predictive inference alternatives. It serves as the very first attempts to study the predictive inference revision mechanisms by combining a larger range of ERP components, including frontal-Post-N400-Positivity (f-PNP) as an index of revision to examine the influences of the alternative inferences at later stages of reading comprehension. Our results showed that readers could detect inconsistent information (P300), disconfirm the incorrect predictive inferences before successfully integrating the low-competitive alternative predictive inferences with their current situation model (N400), engaging themselves in a second-pass reanalysis process incurring processing costs (P600), and revising the disconfirmed predictive inferences (f-PNP) at a later stage of reading comprehension. Results of this study are supportive of relevant theories in assuming that predictive inference revision does not happen immediately upon encountering conflicting information but happens slowly and incrementally. Our results also unfold the post-revision mechanisms by suggesting the remaining activation and lingering influences of the disconfirmed inferences in the forthcoming reading process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown promise in improving health outcomes, most of them rarely translate to scale. Prevailing mHealth studies are largely small-sized, short-term and donor-funded pilot studies with limited evidence on their effectiveness. To facilitate scale-up, several frameworks have been proposed to enhance the generic implementation of health interventions. However, there is a lack of a specific focus on the implementation and integration of mHealth interventions in routine care in low-resource settings. Our scoping review aimed to synthesize and develop a framework that could guide the implementation and integration of mHealth interventions. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for published theories, models, and frameworks related to the implementation and integration of clinical interventions from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2023. The data processing was guided by a scoping review methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies were included if they were i) peer-reviewed and published between 2000 and 2023, ii) explicitly described a framework for clinical intervention implementation and integration, or iii) available in full text and published in English. We integrated different domains and constructs from the reviewed frameworks to develop a new framework for implementing and integrating mHealth interventions. Results: We identified eight eligible papers with eight frameworks composed of 102 implementation domains. None of the identified frameworks were specific to the integration of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings. Two constructs (skill impartation and intervention awareness) related to the training domain, four constructs (technical and logistical support, identifying committed staff, supervision, and redesigning) from the restructuring domain, two constructs (monetary incentives and nonmonetary incentives) from the incentivize domain, two constructs (organizational mandates and government mandates) from the mandate domain and two constructs (collaboration and routine workflows) from the integrate domain. Therefore, a new framework that outlines five main domains—train, restructure, incentivize, mandate, and integrate (TRIMI)—in relation to the integration and implementation of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings emerged. Conclusion: The TRIMI framework presents a realistic and realizable solution for the implementation and integration deficits of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to establish basic policies for managing the impacts of climate change on water resources using the integration of machine learning and land cover modeling. We predicted future changes in land cover within the water management and assessed its vulnerability to climate change. After confirming this vulnerability, we considered measures to improve climate resilience and presented future water resource parameters. We reviewed the finances available to promote climate projects, noting the major river management funds. The future project will serve as a stepping stone to promote climate resilience projects addressing water resource challenges exacerbated by future climate change. The study examined the results of analyzing changes in land cover maps due to climate change and assessed vulnerability in water management areas until 2050. According to the analysis results, the regulations for our study areas were set lower than those for other water management zones, resulting in a high rate of urbanization. Therefore, the climate resilience project in the water management area should be implemented first, despite the need for a long-term view in adapting to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advancements in freeform surface design and manufacturing, applying freeform surfaces to space cameras is an effective method to further enhance imaging quality. However, existing design methods for freeform space cameras rarely consider imaging quality, system size, and manufacturing constraints simultaneously during design. This study proposes an adaptive design method for long-focal-length freeform off-axis reflective space cameras with lightweight and primary/three mirror integration, which balances system size and ease of manufacturing while ensuring good imaging quality. First, a method for adaptive configuration of the structural parameter search spaces is proposed, so that the search spaces for structural parameters are dynamically generated based on different design requirements of long-focal-length off-axis space cameras with various structures. Then, a multiple-parameter objective function is constructed, and the structural parameters for the off-axis space camera are determined through a search process to balance imaging quality, lightweight requirements and manufacturing demands. Finally, the improved Wassermann-Wolf (W-W) method is employed to optimize the mirrors into freeform surfaces, further enhancing the imaging quality of the designed space camera. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can adaptively generate reasonable structural parameter search spaces while maintaining high imaging quality, facilitating the acquisition of a lightweight and easily manufacturable freeform off-axis reflective space camera. This method exhibits strong dynamic adaptability and low reliance on prior experience, providing a new insight for the design of space cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intriguing explorations at the intersection of the fields of neuroscience and psychology are driven by the quest to understand the neural underpinnings of "the self" and their psychotherapeutic implications. These translational efforts pertain to the unique Creative Arts Therapies (CATs) and the attributes and value of the self-related processes they offer. The self is considered as a multi-layered complex construct, comprising bodily and mental constituents, subjective-objective perspectives, spatial and temporal dimensions. Neuroscience research, mostly functional brain imaging, has proposed cogent models of the constitution, development and experience of the self, elucidating how the multiple dimensions of the self are supported by integrated hierarchical brain processes. The psychotherapeutic use of the art-forms, generating aesthetic experiences and creative processes, touch upon and connect the various layers of self-experience, nurturing the sense of self. The present conceptual analysis will describe and interweave the neural mechanisms and neural network configuration suggested to lie at the core of the ongoing self-experience, its deviations in psychopathology, and implications regarding the psychotherapeutic use of the arts. The well-established, parsimonious and neurobiologically plausible predictive processing account of brain-function will be discussed with regard to selfhood and consciousness. The epistemic affordance of the experiential CATs will further be portrayed, enabling and facilitating the creation of updated self-models of the body in the world. The neuropsychological impact of the relational therapeutic encounter will be delineated, acknowledging the intersubjective brain synchronization through communicative verbal and non-verbal means and aesthetic experiences. The recognition and assimilation of neuroscientific, phenomenological and clinical perspectives concerning the nested dimensionality of the self, ground the relational therapeutic process and the neuroplastic modulations that CATs have to offer on the premise of fostering, shaping and integrating selfhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articular cartilage injuries in the knee can lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis if untreated, causing debilitating problems later in life. Standard surgical treatments fail to ensure long lasting repair of damaged cartilage, often resulting in fibrotic tissue. While there is a vast amount of research into cartilage regeneration, integrating engineered implants with cartilage remains a challenge. As cartilage is a load bearing tissue, it is imperative to evaluate tissue repair strategies and their ability to integrate under mechanical loading. This work established a dynamically loaded ex vivo model of cartilage repair using human cartilage explants. The model was used to assess the efficacy of a stem cell therapy delivered in a bioadhesive hydrogel comprised of photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and microbial transglutaminase to repair the model defect. Extensive neocartilage production and integration were observed via histology and immunohistochemistry after 28 days chondrogenic culture. Analysis of culture media allowed monitoring of glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen production over time. A mechanical assessment of integration via a push out test showed a 15-fold increase in push out strength over the culture duration. The model was successful in exhibiting robust chondrogenesis with transglutaminase or without, and under both culture conditions. The work also highlights several limitations of ex vivo models and challenges of working with bioreactors that must be overcome to increase their utility. This ex vivo model has the potential to delay the need for costly pre-clinical studies and provide a more nuanced assessment of cartilage repair strategies than is possible in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colombia, which hosts over 3 million of the Venezuelan diaspora, is lauded for its progressive approach to social integration, including providing migrants access to its universal health coverage system. However, barriers to healthcare persist for both migrant and host populations, with poorly understood disparities in healthcare-seeking behaviors and associated costs. This is the first study to link healthcare-seeking behaviors with costs for Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, encompassing costs of missing work or usual activities due to healthcare events. Methods: We use self-reported survey data from Venezuelan migrants and Colombians living in Colombia (September-November 2020) to compare healthcare-seeking behaviors and cost variables by nationality using two-sampled t-tests or Chi-square tests (X2). The International Classification of Diseases was used to compare reported household illnesses for both populations. Average health service direct costs were estimated using the Colombian Government's Suficiencia database and self-reported out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for laboratory and pharmacy services. Indirect costs were calculated by multiplying self-reported days of missed work or usual activities with estimated income levels, derived by matching characteristics using the Gran Enquesta Integrada de Hogares database. We calculate economic burdens for both populations, combining self-reported healthcare-seeking behaviors and estimated healthcare service unit costs across six healthcare-seeking behavior categories. Results: Despite similar disease profiles, Venezuelan migrants are 21.3% more likely to forego formal care than Colombians, with 746.3% more Venezuelans reporting lack of health insurance as their primary reason. Venezuelan women and uninsured report the greatest difficulties in accessing health services, with accessing medications becoming more difficult for Venezuelan women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Colombians cost the health system more per treated illness event (US$40) than Venezuelans (US$26) in our sample, over a thirty-day period. Venezuelans incur higher costs for emergency department visits (123.5% more) and laboratory/ pharmacy OOP payments (24.7% more). Conclusions: While Colombians and Venezuelans share similar disease burdens, significant differences exist in access, cost, and health-seeking behaviors. Increasing Venezuelan health insurance enrollment and tackling accessibility barriers are crucial for ensuring healthcare equity and effectively integrating the migrant population. Findings suggest that improving migrant access to primary healthcare would produce savings in Colombian healthcare expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT) could potentially represent a significant shift towards a more integrated and automated future, where the physical and digital domains may merge. However, the integration of these technologies presents certain challenges, including compatibility issues with existing systems and the need for greater interoperability between different devices. It would seem that the rigidity of traditional robotic designs may inadvertently make these difficulties worse, which in turn highlights the potential benefits of modular solutions. Furthermore, the mastery of new technologies may introduce additional complexity due to the varying approaches taken by robot manufacturers. In order to address these issues, this research proposes a Robot Operating System (ROS2)-based middleware, called the "ROS2-based gateway", which aims to simplify the integration of robots in different environments. By focusing on the payload layer and enabling external communication, this middleware has the potential to enhance modularity and interoperability, thus accelerating the integration process. It offers users the option of selecting payloads and communication methods via a shell interface, which the middleware then configures, ensuring adaptability. The solution proposed in this article, based on the gateway concept, offers users and programmers the flexibility to specify which payloads they want to activate depending on the task at hand and the high-level protocols they wish to use to interact with the activated payloads. This approach allows for the optimisation of hardware resources (only the necessary payloads are activated), as well as enabling the programmer/user to utilise high-level communication protocols (such as RESTful, Kafka, etc.) to interact with the activated payloads, rather than low-level programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a 4D trajectory weather (4DT-Wx) prototype system was developed and evaluated for effective weather information integration in trajectory-based operation (TBO) environments. The system has two key distinguishing features: multi-model-based trajectory services and buffer zone information provision. We constructed a distributed processing system using Apache Spark, enabling the efficient processing of large-scale weather data. The performance evaluation demonstrated excellent scalability and efficiency in processing large-scale data. An analysis of the buffer configurations highlighted that buffer zone information is valuable in decision-making processes and has the potential to enhance the system performance. The system's practical applicability is presented through visualizations of the extracted weather information. This system is expected to enhance aviation safety and operational efficiency, providing a foundation for addressing increasingly complex weather conditions and flight scenarios in the future. The approach presented in this study marks a significant step toward effective TBO implementation and the advancement of future air traffic management. The evaluation of the 4DT-Wx system analyzed the accuracy of weather data processing and the performance of distributed processing, finding that the temperature (T) estimation had the highest accuracy, and that the parallel processing using Apache Spark was most effectively modeled by Ahmed et al.'s model. The findings suggest the potential for further optimization in integrating various weather models and developing algorithms to enhance their utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on A. R. Radcliffe-Brown’s seminal work The Andaman Islanders, this article analyzes anger as a cultural focal point in a non-Western society. The discussion navigates various themes related to anger through an ethnographic dialogue. In the Andamanese worldview, anger is linked to the wrath of spirits and is regarded as an antisocial force. The study reveals that the interplay between different codes—mythological, techno-economic, symbolic, matrimonial, and acoustic—partially corresponds with the patterns noted by Lévi-Strauss in his Mythologiques series. Pandya’s thesis suggests that Andamanese rituals are designed to harness power to reconcile oppositions, particularly between humans and spirits. The text’s originality lies in highlighting the role of dance as a medium for communication between humans and spirits, aimed at soothing the spirits’ anger. The article also underscores Radcliffe-Brown’s identification of two foundational concepts in anthropology during his study of the Andaman Islands: first, the Durkheimian notion of organic solidarity, and second, a unique experience of solidarity expressed through dance. Dance is interpreted as a language of social integration, serving as a key cultural practice in countering the spirits’ wrath and the resulting destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban environments, space constraints necessitate innovative construction methods. Due to rising demand for infrastructures and scarcity of plane ground, structures are built on sloping or irregular ground. To make use of available land, vertical cuts or excavations are made in the natural soil stratum which can be effectively retained using the soil nailing technique. However, if the area adjacent to the nailed vertical cut is utilised for constructing a multi-storeyed building, the behaviour of the nailed structure may vary. This study examines the impact of the presence of multi-storeyed RC buildings on the response of soil-nailed structures in their proximity during earthquake ground motion. The seismic response of a soil-nailed structure is evaluated in the presence of various heights of medium-rise multi-storeyed buildings. Three-dimensional multi-storeyed buildings and soil-nailed structures are analysed with various arrangements and connectivities between them, taking into account different soil profiles at the site. Dynamic finite element analyses of integrated soil-nailed wall-building systems have been performed using time history data of ground motion. The findings suggest that the integration between the two structures enhances the seismic stability of both the structures under dynamic load as evident in the reduced deformation and acceleration of the structures. It restricts the lateral movement of the nailed wall and reduces its displacement by about 40%. This integration can be implemented in space-constrained sites for optimum utilisation of available space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building information modeling (BIM) and blockchain applications have introduced significant benefits to the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) industry in recent years. Although publications on BIM and blockchain integration have been increasing, no systematic examination of the present status and managerial implications of integrated BIM and blockchain has been conducted. To bridge this gap, this paper conducts a state-of-the-art review of the development of integrated BIM and blockchain in a built environment. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was adopted to synthesize and analyze the research evidence. The results revealed five key managerial implications of BIM integration with blockchain at the project level: design and collaboration, financial management, construction management, information management, and integration management (with other cutting-edge technologies). Challenges and opportunities are outlined and articulated from both technological and managerial perspectives, such as stakeholder management, impact assessment, real-time project management, information redundancy, and incompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major railway projects are large-scale, complex systems involving multiple stakeholders, and the risks during the construction process can be multifaceted and constantly evolving. To enhance the risk prevention and control capabilities in such projects, according to resilience theory, the study proposed a resilience management model based on risk prevention and control and outlined a framework for resilience construction management mode in major railway resilience construction projects. Using stakeholder theory, an integrated virtual organizational structure model for major railway construction was introduced. The resilience construction management mode combined organizational management and intelligent project management, embedding risk prevention and control into the organizational management system. This approach enhanced the resilience of organizational structure, strengthened its capacity to respond to risks and challenges, and leveraged intelligent technologies to boost collaborative capabilities. Additionally, the operational mechanism of resilience management was analyzed, which was governed by contractual, administrative, and trust-based relationships. The research results provide theoretical insights and decision-making strategies for risk prevention and control in major railway projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean improvement has entered a new era with the advent of multi-omics strategies and bioinformatics innovations, enabling more precise and efficient breeding practices. This comprehensive review examines the application of multi-omics approaches in soybean—encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and phenomics. We first explore pre-breeding and genomic selection as tools that have laid the groundwork for advanced trait improvement. Subsequently, we dig into the specific contributions of each -omics field, highlighting how bioinformatics tools and resources have facilitated the generation and integration of multifaceted data. The review emphasizes the power of integrating multi-omics datasets to elucidate complex traits and drive the development of superior soybean cultivars. Emerging trends, including novel computational techniques and high-throughput technologies, are discussed in the context of their potential to revolutionize soybean breeding. Finally, we address the challenges associated with multi-omics integration and propose future directions to overcome these hurdles, aiming to accelerate the pace of soybean improvement. This review serves as a crucial resource for researchers and breeders seeking to leverage multi-omics strategies for enhanced soybean productivity and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating technological tools in teaching statistics can revolutionize educational methods, making learning more engaging, interactive, and effective. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a math application for Android in enhancing the teaching and learning of statistics for eighth-grade students in Alcalá, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The project involved coordinating with local mathematics teachers to implement the app in the classroom, focusing on interactive digital content to improve student engagement. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, gathering data from 63 students through surveys that measured user satisfaction, topic relevance, interface usability, and the likelihood of recommending the app. The evaluation revealed a high likelihood of recommendation, with 74.6% of the students indicating they would "Almost always" recommend the app. Positive feedback was also noted in terms of user satisfaction and topic relevance. However, technical performance and content engagement were identified as needing improvement. The study also highlighted limitations, including a small sample size, reliance on self-reported data, and a short-term evaluation period. The Math app shows considerable promise as a tool for teaching statistics, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 4 and 9, involving quality education, industry, innovation, and infrastructure. Future work should address the identified limitations and focus on continuous improvement to enhance the app's effectiveness and reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a framework for integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into higher education institutions. The framework consists of six components: curriculum integration, research and innovation, campus operations, community engagement, leadership and governance, and assessment and reporting. Each component is supported by eight implementation strategies that provide practical guidance for institutions looking to advance their sustainability efforts. The proposed framework is informed by a literature review that highlights the importance of ESG considerations in higher education, the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating sustainability into higher education institutions, and the role that institutions can play in promoting sustainable development. The framework is also supported by case studies that illustrate how institutions have successfully implemented sustainability initiatives and the benefits that have accrued as a result. The proposed framework has the potential to make a significant contribution to the advancement of sustainability in higher education institutions and promote sustainable development in the broader community. It is hoped that the framework will be useful to institutions, policymakers, and other stakeholders interested in promoting sustainability in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peri-urban area poses a complex challenge, acknowledged for its diverse morphologies and temporalities. This article aims to provide a tool for understanding this area better and to assess the integration or exclusion of the Mitidja peri-urban area in the territorial dynamics of the Algiers metropolitan area. Geomatics and multi-criteria decision support tools, employing the AHP method and geographic information systems, were utilized. The analysis assessed the relative economic contribution considering variables like distance, population, industry, trade, and services. Results revealed significant economic roles played by certain peri-urban municipalities, challenging preconceived notions about their limited economic impact and exclusion from the Algiers metropolitan area. The research analysis clearly shows that peri-urbanization is constantly expanding, with peri-urban municipalities evolving under the shadow of the economic, social and environmental transformations of the Algiers metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the integration experiences of first-generation Kosovo Albanian migrants in European countries, referred to as Gastarbeiter, whose migration initially meant at temporary employment. Despite this initial intention for temporary work, many of these migrants ultimately became long-term or permanent residents, revealing the shortcomings of the original migration policy. Drawing on 23 biographical interviews conducted between 2014 and 2016 with migrants in Germany and Switzerland, the research question guiding this exploration is: To what extent has the integration of first-generation Kosovo Albanian “Gastarbeiter” in Europe been impacted by the challenges they faced in raising concerns, integrating into the labor market, and assimilating into the host society? The aim is to provide nuanced insights into migration processes and inform strategies for effective integration policies. The article highlights challenges faced by Kosovo Albanian Gastarbeiter, including limited opportunities to voice concerns, integrate into the labor market, and assimilate into the host society. Despite these obstacles, many chose to settle in their host countries, often bringing family members along. The transition from individual to family migration, coupled with the acquisition of language skills and understanding of host society norms, traditions, and regulations, significantly contributed to improved living conditions and integration outcomes in host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between feminist movements and racialised migrant women in Europe remains marred by the continued marginalisation of migrant women's political claims in feminist struggles, despite the circulation of intersectional discourses within academic and activist circles. This article documents important spaces of experimentation which Black activists are creating within the Italian feminist movement to give voice to racialised migrant women without the mediating intervention of white feminists. Rooted in an understanding of the margins as a site of resistance, such efforts engage in practices of refusal and talking back to reclaim a Black epistemic identity which powerfully interpellates Italian institutions and feminist activists. Black migrant women demand the recognition not only of their inherent capacity to speak, act, decide, but also of their ability to articulate a political analysis and a political project to challenge the intersectional discrimination and violence they face. Their struggle centres work as a site of compounding gendered and racialised exploitation, thus carrying the potential to expand feminist thinking and action on reproductive labour, labour participation and equal pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The human brain is an intricate structure composed of interconnected modular networks, whose organization is known to balance the principles of segregation and integration, enabling rapid information exchange and the generation of coherent brain states. Segregation involves the specialization of brain regions for specific tasks, while integration facilitates communication among these regions, allowing for efficient information flow. Several factors influence this balance, including maturation, aging, and the insurgence of neurological disorders like epilepsy, stroke, or cancer. To gain insights into information processing and connectivity recovery, we devised a controllable in vitro model to mimic and investigate the effects of different segregation and integration ratios over time. Methods: We designed a cross-shaped polymeric mask to initially establish four independent sub-populations of cortical neurons and analyzed how the timing of its removal affected network development. We evaluated the morphological and functional features of the networks from 11 to 18 days in vitro (DIVs) with immunofluorescence techniques and micro-electrode arrays (MEAs). Results: The removal of the mask at different developmental stages of the network lead to strong variations in the degree of intercommunication among the four assemblies (altering the segregation/integration balance), impacting firing and bursting parameters. Early removal (after 5 DIVs) resulted in networks with a level of integration similar to homogeneous controls (without physical constraints). In contrast, late removal (after 15 DIVs) hindered the formation of strong inter-compartment connectivity, leading to more clustered and segregated assemblies. Discussion: A critical balance between segregation and integration was observed when the mask was removed at DIV 10, allowing for the formation of a strong connectivity among the still-separated compartments, thus demonstrating the existence of a time window in network development in which it is possible to achieve a balance between segregation and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The basic science course is the foundation of medical knowledge, and how and in what form the teaching of this course is a vital issue. A successful curriculum should include everything medical students need in their future careers. Basic science education should be such that students clearly understand the relationship between the content and its application in clinical practice. Therefore, the need to change the curriculum of the general medicine course, especially course of the Basic science, in content and layout in an integrated way is felt more than before. This study was designed to explain the experiences of medical students from the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences since the implementation of integration in 2020. Methods: The present study was qualitative research with a conventional content analysis method. Participants were selected for the interview purposefully. They included 12 Medical students from basic and clinical sciences and 5 faculty members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the content analysis method. Four methods of Goba and Lincoln were used to evaluate the accuracy of the data. Results: After summarizing and analyzing the data, 221 codes were extracted. They were divided into seven subcategories and finally, three main themes including Enjoyable experiences (advantages of the integration system), Upsetting experiences (Disadvantages of the integration system), Resolutions to solving integration problems were extracted. Generally, the findings indicated a positive evaluation of medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from the integration system, and they stated that the integration causes an interaction between basic and clinical sciences and also increases students' motivation. Conclusion: The findings indicated a positive evaluation of Shiraz's medical students of the integrated system. According to the results of this research, it can be said; that the use of integration horizontally and vertically in medical education improves the quality of education compared to traditional methods. The integration of basic and clinical science is important in the sense that can be a powerful tool for learning and acquiring skills, also, it can also help in the promotion of professional development of students and motivate them to study more in interactive manner and be loyal to lifelong learning. study generally showed that combining theoretical and practical courses has advantages and disadvantages, but its advantages are more. Paying attention to the shortcomings, especially in the supply of human resources and professors, and reforming the program with continuous revision are issues that education managers and medical educators of the general medical practice should address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper aimed to understand international students' experience of accent stigma during interpersonal interactions, and how it affected their self-efficacy and acculturation strategy during intercultural adjustment. Methods: Study 1 conducted in-depth interviews with 15 international students (60% female, 21.6 years old on average), asking for narratives on how they perceived accent stigma was enacted in everyday scenarios. Study 2 distributed a survey to 132 international students (53.5% female, 25.52 years old on average) with scales measuring perceived accent stigma, perceived discrimination, perceived hate, fear, self-efficacy, and integration into the host culture. Results: Based on thematic analysis, Study 1 identified verbal disapproval, verbal avoidance, nonverbal disapproval, and nonverbal avoidance as four behavioral markers that signal the enactment of accent stigma during interpersonal interactions. Study 2 assessed a path model and found that accent stigma was associated with more perceived discrimination, perceived hate, and fear. Accent stigma also had negative impacts on self-efficacy, which in turn, resulted in poor integration into the host culture. Conclusion: This study examined the negative consequences of accent stigma on international students and highlighted the role of self-efficacy during international students' intercultural adjustment. Findings had important theoretical and practical implications in terms of better supporting and serving international students during their stressful transitional period in a new culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor photodetectors can work only in specific material-dependent light wavelength ranges, connected with the bandgaps and absorption capabilities of the utilized semiconductors. This limitation has driven the development of hybrid devices that exceed the capabilities of individual materials. In this study, for the first time, a hybrid heterojunction photodetector based on methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) polycrystalline film deposited on gallium arsenide (GaAs) was presented, along with comprehensive morphological, structural, optical, and photoelectrical investigations. The MAPbBr3/GaAs heterojunction photodetector exhibited wide spectral responsivity, from 540 to 900 nm. The fabrication steps of the prototype device, including a new preparation recipe for the MAPbBr3 solution and spinning, will be disclosed and discussed. It will be shown that extending the soaking time and refining the precursor solution's stoichiometry may enhance surface coverage, adhesion to the GaAs, and film uniformity, as well as provide a new way to integrate MAPbBr3 on GaAs. Compared to the pristine MAPbBr3, the enhanced structural purity of the perovskite on GaAs was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) upon optimization compared to the conventional glass substrate. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of microcube-like structures on the top of an otherwise continuous MAPbBr3 polycrystalline film, with increased grain size and reduced grain boundary effects pointed by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and cathodoluminescence (CL). Enhanced absorption was demonstrated in the visible range and broadened photoluminescence (PL) emission at room temperature, with traces of reduction in the orthorhombic tilting revealed by temperature-dependent PL. A reduced average carrier lifetime was reduced to 13.8 ns, revealed by time-resolved PL (TRPL). The dark current was typically around 8.8 × 10−8 A. Broad photoresponsivity between 540 and 875 nm reached a maximum of 3 mA/W and 16 mA/W, corresponding to a detectivity of 6 × 1010 and 1 × 1011 Jones at −1 V and 50 V, respectively. In case of on/off measurements, the rise and fall times were 0.40 s and 0.61 s or 0.62 s and 0.89 s for illumination, with 500 nm or 875 nm photons, respectively. A long-term stability test at room temperature in air confirmed the optical and structural stability of the proposed hybrid structure. This work provides insights into the physical mechanisms of new hybrid junctions for high-performance photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartilage repair remains a major challenge in human orthopedic medicine, necessitating the application of innovative strategies to overcome existing technical and clinical limitations. Adhesive hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for cartilage repair promotion and tissue engineering, offering key advantages such as enhanced tissue integration and therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of adhesive hydrogels in cartilage repair, discussing identified challenges, shortcomings of current treatment options, and unique advantages of adhesive hydrogel products and scaffolds. While emphasizing the critical need for in situ lateral integration with surrounding tissues, we dissect current limitations and outline future perspectives for hydrogel scaffolds in cartilage repair. Moreover, we examine the clinical translation pathway and regulatory considerations specific to adhesive hydrogels. Overall, this review synthesizes the existing insights and knowledge gaps and highlights directions for future research regarding adhesive hydrogel-based devices in advancing cartilage tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Refugees frequently face the challenges of adapting to unfamiliar environments and new cultural contexts. Such adaptations emphasize the importance of coping strategies during resettlement and for individuals to successfully integrate in the new communities. Particularly for Syrian refugees in Norway, many of whom have escaped war and conflict, understanding their ways of coping with mental health problems, such as depression, is pivotal. Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design to explore the relationship between integration aspects and coping strategies for depression from the Syrian population living in Norway. Syrian participants (N = 96) answered questions from the Brief COPE, the Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL-13), and the Immigration Policy Lab index (IPL-12/24). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that employing a problem-focused coping strategy was significantly associated with better psychological and social integration outcomes among Syrian refugees in Norwegian society. Conclusion: The study suggests that certain aspects of integration, such as feeling a sense of belonging and actively seeking help, significantly improve mental health outcomes for Syrian refugees. Emphasizing problem-focused coping strategies could be vital in facilitating the successful integration of refugees into Norwegian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Episodic memory is essential for forming and retaining personal experiences, representing a fundamental aspect of human cognition. Traditional studies of episodic memory have typically used static analysis methods, viewing the brain as an unchanging entity and overlooking its dynamic properties over time. In this study, we utilized dynamic functional connectivity analysis on fMRI data from healthy adults performing an episodic memory task. We quantified integration and recruitment metrics and examined their correlation with memory performance using Pearson correlation. During encoding, integration across the entire brain, especially within the frontoparietal subnetwork, was significantly correlated with memory performance. During retrieval, recruitment becomes significantly associated with memory performance in visual subnetwork, somatomotor subnetwork, and ventral attention subnetwork. At the nodal level, a significant negative correlation was observed between memory scores and integration of the anterior cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus within the frontoparietal network during encoding task. During retrieval task, a significant negative correlation was found between memory scores and recruitment in the left progranular cortex and right transverse gyral ventral, whereas positive correlations were seen in the right posterior inferior temporal, left middle temporal, right frontal operculum, and left operculum nodes. Moreover, the dynamic reconfiguration of the functional network was predictive of predict memory performance, as demonstrated by a significant correlation between actual and predicted memory scores. These findings advance our understanding network mechanisms underlying memory processes and developing intervention approaches for memory-related disorders as they shed light on critical factors involved in cognitive processes and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the Polish Jew journal as a pivotal second-tier record for advancing Holocaust studies and Jewish genealogy. Traditionally underutilized in academic research, this periodical provides a unique repository of names and narratives of Holocaust victims, filling crucial gaps in primary record collections. The investigation centers on the journal's potential not only to contribute names to existing databases of Holocaust victims—many of whom are still unrecorded—but also to enhance genealogical methods through the integration of network analysis. By examining Polish Jew, this study illustrates how second-tier records can extend beyond mere supplements to primary data, acting instead as vital tools for reconstructing complex social and familial networks disrupted by the Holocaust. The paper proposes a methodological framework combining traditional genealogical research with modern network analysis techniques to deepen our understanding of Jewish community dynamics during and after World War II. This approach not only aids in identifying individual victims and survivors but also in visualizing the broader interactions within Jewish diaspora communities. This research underscores the significance of Polish Jew in the broader context of Holocaust remembrance. It offers a novel pathway for the future of Jewish genealogical research, advocating for the strategic use of second-tier records in scholarly investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to derive closed-form approximation formulas for the spread option value and Greeks by using double integration and investigating the exercise boundary. We have found that the straight-line approximation suggested in previous research does not perform well for curved exercise boundaries. We propose a novel approach: to integrate in a sector and find a closed-form formula expressed in terms of the bivariate normal CDF. We call it the sector formula. Numerical tests show the good accuracy of our sector formula. We demonstrate applications of the formula to the market data of calendar spread options for three major commodities, WTI, Natural Gas, and Corn, listed on the CME site as of May, April, and June 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present a five-part initial examination of cultural moral evolution in several diverse cultures, looking specifically at attitudes towards LGBTQA+ communities and scrutinizing how societal attitudes shift from fear, animus, tolerance, and acceptance to integration. This evolution is gauged through various societal lenses, including laws, religion, human rights, and educational practices. In Part One, the authors discuss the concept of cultural moral evolution and how it differs from and shares some of the same traits as cultural anthropology. Part Two explores cultural moral evolution towards LGBTQA+ communities in three countries: Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Saudi Arabia. Part Three extends this analysis to four US states – Florida, Alaska, Hawaii, and Colorado. Part Four focuses on the US military, particularly the US Navy, analysing its cultural moral evolution towards the LGBTQA+ community. Finally, these observations are synthesized, with a summary of how the cultural moral evolution model is applied across different societal segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the solar ultraviolet index (UVI) is of great significance to protect human health. The monitoring of UVI faces several challenges: the accuracy is difficult to control, the complexity of the filter, the increase in volume and price, the decrease in response sensitivity, and the low accuracy of measurement. Considering the limitations and insufficiencies in the current technology, this paper proposes a miniature gallium nitride (GaN)-based erythema response detector. The detector utilizes a double-diode integrated chip for accurate detection of the erythema response, enabling it to closely match the spectral response of the erythema spectrum curve determined by the World Health Organization. This ensures precise correspondence between the output current and ultraviolet index. The measurement error of each UV detector is determined by analyzing eight sets of UV radiation spectra. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed detector exhibits a measurement error below 0.4 for each group of UV index measurements. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the detector on the ultraviolet index is at the advanced level compared to the current mainstream commercial ultraviolet detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated STEM education is increasingly present in classrooms and in educational research, as it is proposed as a possible strategy to improve the problems of students' lack of interest in scientific–technological disciplines. However, this increased interest in STEM education has been paralleled by a loss of cohesion in the interpretations of its theoretical basis and by an ongoing discussion on integrated STEM education's foundations, making its understanding, translation into real projects, and evaluation difficult to undertake. Published articles defining a STEM theoretical framework have different descriptions, so the aim of this systematic literature review is to analyse these explanations and compare them with each other. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 27 articles of interest about STEM and STEAM education were obtained and analysed with a focus on the principles and characteristics described in the texts. After organising the information and analysing the similarities and differences in the principles and characteristics, we concluded that there is great consensus on the principles of "integration", "real-world problems", "inquiry", "design", and "teamwork". Nonetheless, this review identifies areas of discussion regarding both the principles and their characteristics that invite further analysis to refine our understanding of what integrated STEM education should entail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the evolution of integration as a concept in coastal zone planning through an analysis of Norwegian municipal coastal zone plans spanning a 35-year period. By drawing on the framework of governmentality, we show how the coastal zone and the activities taking place there are being subject to problematizations, rationalizations and technologies for promoting integration. This illustrates how previous spatial dispositions themselves become problematized at later points, giving rise to new rationalizations and new technologies of governing, revealing a dynamic redefinition of integration in response to complex coastal governance challenges. What integration entails is not a given. Instead, it’s a fluid concept, evolving over time in meaning and intent. The paper also shows how ambitions for integrated or comprehensive planning can obscure the purpose of planning and increase complexity. With integration being framed as an undisputed answer to conflicts in the coastal zone, the difficulty of managing the multitude of coastal activities does not lead to a critical discussion on whether ‘integration’ is a fruitful ambition. Instead, it becomes an argument for yet more integrative efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Milkrun-based material supply plays an important role in the automotive industry, as it is a material supply concept where high efficiency can be achieved. When implementing milkrun-based material supply, the milkrun supply of the production plant often has to be integrated with an existing warehouse material handling system, which frequently leads to a less efficient solution. Methods: In this paper, the author investigates the impact of a hub-based milkrun supply, where the collection processes in the component's warehouse and the distribution processes in the assembly plant are connected to a hub, which is responsible for the sequencing of component demands. After a systematic literature review, the paper introduces a novel mathematical model, which makes it possible to describe the conventional milkrun-based solutions, the hub-based milkrun solutions, and to compare them in terms of the length of transportation routes, transportation time, total service time, and virtual emission points of view. Results: The scenario analysis demonstrates that the hub-based solution can lead to an efficiency improvement of about 13% in total service time, 23% savings in transportation time, and 45% savings in transportation time in the component's warehouse. Conclusions: The article's findings suggest that implementing a hub-based milkrun system in automotive material supply can significantly enhance efficiency. The described approach could lead to more streamlined operations in production plants by optimizing the integration of milkrun systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines integrating Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems with performance management (PM) practices in the UAE healthcare sector, identifying key factors for successful adoption. It addresses a critical gap by analyzing the interplay between ERP systems and PM to enhance operational efficiency, patient care, and administrative processes. A literature review identified thirty-six critical factors, refined through expert interviews to highlight nine weak integration areas and two new factors. An online survey with 81 experts, who rated the 38 factors on a five-point Likert scale, provided data to calculate the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results reveal that employee involvement in performance metrics and effective organizational measures significantly impact system effectiveness and alignment. Mid-tier factors such as leadership and managerial support are essential for integration momentum, while foundational elements like infrastructure, scalability, security, and compliance are crucial for long-term success. The study recommends a holistic approach to these factors to maximize ERP benefits, offering insights for healthcare administrators and policymakers. Additionally, it highlights the need to address the challenges, opportunities, and ethical considerations associated with using digital health technology in healthcare. Future research should explore ERP integration challenges in public and private healthcare settings, tailoring systems to specific organizational needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific aspects and territorial characteristics of migration have been extensively studied, while the primary living conditions of foreigners have been less compared in-depth. Using data from the Labor Force Surveys and EU-Silc for the year 2019, relating to six key aspects of daily life, in this study, foreign-born people living in the five main European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and the European Union were compared for the frequency of costs (e.g., for welfare services) and benefits (e.g., for employment) for the host society. Subsequently, the comparison of them, made by juxtaposing natives and non-natives, allowed for a definition of the level of primary integration (distance of immigrants from natives on the same aspects). The results show that the degree of congruence between the frequency of costs and that of benefits in the immigrant population is strongly influenced by the economic situation, favorable for Germany and the United Kingdom in 2019, with a lower recurrence of hardship cases among immigrants, but high wealth did not automatically reduce their differences. Instead, a small gap between immigrants and natives may also be due to the progressive impoverishment of the latter (Italian case). Therefore, especially in periods of economic stagnation, the different impact of it and of welfare measures on the immigrant population compared to natives requires the analysis of their actual living conditions, as the traditionally used economic aggregates (especially GDP) do not reveal the disparities in the distribution of resources between the various social and ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Currently, multiple tools exist to teach and learn anatomy, but finding an adequate activity is challenging. However, it can be achieved through haptic experiences, where motivation is the means of a significant learning process. This study aimed to evaluate a haptic experience to determine if a tactile and painting with color marker interactive experience, established a better learning process in comparison to the traditional 2D workshop on printed paper with photographs. Methods: Plaster bone models of the scapulae, humerus and clavicle were elaborated from a computerized scan tomography. Second year undergraduate medical students were invited to participate, where subjects were randomly assigned to the traditional 2D method or the 3D plaster bone model. A third group decided not to join any workshop. Following, all three groups were evaluated on bone landmarks and view, laterality, muscle insertions and functions. 2D and 3D workshop students were asked their opinion in a focus group and answered a survey regarding the overall perception and learning experience. Evaluation grades are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and answers from the survey are presented as percentages. Results: The survey demonstrated the students in the 3D model graded the experience as outstanding, and in five out of the six questions, answers were very good or excellent. In contrast, for students participating in the 2D workshop the most common answers were fair or good. The exception was the answer regarding the quiz, where both groups considered it good, despite the average among all groups not being a passing grade. Conclusions: To learn the anatomy of the shoulder, the conventional methodology was compared with a haptic experience, where plaster bone models were used, enabling students to touch and paint on them. Based on the focus group and survey this study revealed the 3D workshop was an interactive experience where, the sense of touch and painting greatly contributed to their learning process. Even though this activity was useful in terms of learning bone landmarks, view muscle insertions, and establish relations, further activities must be developed to increase their understanding regarding their function, and its relevance in a clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For Swiss cities, connecting new migrants to basic services, like waste management, has emerged as an essential challenge toward their social and civic integration. Drawing on an ethnographic approach, this study investigates solid waste management integration within Zürich's Ethiopian and Eritrean migrant communities. Our findings suggest that new arrivals learn quickly and are driven by a motivation to integrate and adapt to expected norms. However, learning is often characterized by trial and error and accompanied by expensive mistakes. Barriers include a lack of translated informational material and insufficient opportunity for asylum seekers to learn rules and norms on waste management. We recommend making standardized materials available and ensuring clear communication in a language that newly arriving migrants can understand. We also recommend targeted training on life skills, including waste management behaviors for asylum seekers at residential processing centers so that refugees can be trained on expected norms before transitioning into an independent living situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical systems, in which failure and malfunction may result in severe human, environmental, and financial damages, are essential components in various sectors and particularly in energy domains. Although undesirable, integration error problems in the supervision of critical systems do occur, incurring significant expenses due to an operator's subjective analysis and hardware topology failures. In this work, a malleable model design approach is proposed to formulate and solve the integration error problem in critical systems' supervision in terms of reliability. A real hybrid power plant (HPP) case is considered for a case study with simulated data. A method framework with an informal approach (C4 diagram) and formal approach (hierarchical colored Petri nets) in a radial spectrum is applied to the HPP supervision design. In using formal methods, a formulation and solution to this problem through structured, scalable, and compact mathematical representations are possible. This malleable model is intended to guarantee the functional correctness and also reliability of the plant supervision system based on system software architecture. The outcomes suggest that the malleable model is appropriate for the energy domain and can be used for other types of critical systems, bringing all the benefits of this methodology to the context in which it will be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As renewable energies need to be extended massively, new concepts are necessary to prevent land conflicts with other uses. Such concepts should have a high generality to offer a swift expansion of renewables anywhere. Within the project, the Photovoltaic Road Roofing Concept (PV-SÜD), a concept for the roofing of roadways with solar panels, was investigated. Its effects on the road infrastructure were analyzed, and a demonstrator was built. The technical boundary conditions and requirements resulting from the specific application type were determined regarding the photovoltaic technology, the possible energy generation, and the supporting structure. The study was completed for a technical solution of 10 m length, 17 m width, and 6.8 m height, with the option of a pent roof (highways running east–west) or gable roofs (highways running north–south). The main target aim was to investigate the potential for widespread use at any site, in contrast to previous studies which mainly aimed at a singular site or demonstrator project. The final solution can support a 38.5 kWp photovoltaic system with a specific annual yield of between 37.5 MWh and 44.0 MWh. The yield variation in sites in Austria and Germany was 14.7% and 17.9%, respectively. One demonstrator roofing was realized as a steel-frame construction with active glass–glass photovoltaic technology at a highway in Hegau (GE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a methodology for examining the impact of terrain on the level of groundwater in a well with an unconfined table aquifer. For this purpose, data from the groundwater observation and research network of the National Hydrogeological Service; airborne laser scanning technology; an SRTM height raster; orthophoto maps; and a WMTS raster were used and integrated for the specific parcels of Warmia and Mazury County. Groundwater is the largest and most important source of fresh drinking water. Apart from the influence of precipitation amount on groundwater level, the terrain is also important and is often omitted in comprehensive assessments. The research undertaken in this study provides new insights and a new methodology for the interpretation of hydrological data by taking into account the terrain, and it can be expanded with new data and increased research area or resolution. Research has shown that the attractiveness of the parcel in terms of construction development and excavation possibilities is greatly influenced by the groundwater level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Shifting demographics, an aging population, and increased healthcare needs contribute to the global healthcare worker shortage. Migrant Health Care Workers (MHCWs) are crucial contributors to reducing this shortage by moving from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs) for better opportunities. Economic factors and health workforce demand drive their migration, but they also face challenges adapting to a new country and new working environments. To effectively address these challenges, it is crucial to establish evidence-based policies. Failure to do so may result in the departure of Migrant Healthcare Workers (MHCWs) from host countries, thereby worsening the shortage of healthcare workers. Aim: To review and synthesize the barriers experienced by MHCWs as they adjust to a new country and their new foreign working environments. Methodology: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a search in the PubMed and Embase databases. We included cross-sectional studies published after the year 2000, addressing MHCWs from LMIC countries migrating to high-income countries, and published in English. We established a data extraction tool and used the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) to assess article quality based on predetermined categories. Results: Through a targeted search, we identified fourteen articles. These articles covered 11,025 MHCWS from low- to medium-income countries, focusing on Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel. Participants and respondents' rates were diverse ranging from 12% to 90%. Studies encompassed various healthcare roles and age ranges, mainly 25–45 years, with a significant female presence. Participants resided in host countries for 3–10 years on average. Results are categorized based on the Riverside Acculturation Stress Inventory (RASI) and expanded to include bureaucratic and employment barriers, Gender differences, Natives vs. non-natives, and orientation programs. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of cultural competence training and tailored support for MHCWs integration and job satisfaction. Time spent in the new healthcare setting and the influence of orientation programs are key factors in shaping their intentions to stay or leave. Despite limitations, these studies provide valuable insights, emphasizing the ongoing need for holistic strategies to facilitate successful integration, ultimately benefiting healthcare systems and well-being for all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]