1. Response diversity as a sustainability strategy
- Author
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Brian Walker, Anne-Sophie Crépin, Magnus Nyström, John M. Anderies, Erik Andersson, Thomas Elmqvist, Cibele Queiroz, Scott Barrett, Elena Bennett, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Stephen R. Carpenter, F. Stuart Chapin, Aart de Zeeuw, Joern Fischer, Carl Folke, Simon Levin, Karine Nyborg, Stephen Polasky, Kathleen Segerson, Karen C. Seto, Marten Scheffer, Jason F. Shogren, Alessandro Tavoni, Jeroen van den Bergh, Elke U. Weber, and Jeffrey R. Vincent
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management ,WIMEK ,Ecology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental Governance ,Agriculture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer ,sustainability ,Urban Studies ,business and industry ,interdisciplinarity studies ,Life Science ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Food Science ,biodiversity ,Environmental planning - Abstract
Financial advisers recommend a diverse portfolio to respond to market fluctuations across sectors. Similarly, nature has evolved a diverse portfolio of species to maintain ecosystem function amid environmental fluctuations. In urban planning, public health, transport and communications, food production, and other domains, however, this feature often seems ignored. As we enter an era of unprecedented turbulence at the planetary level, we argue that ample responses to this new reality — that is, response diversity — can no longer be taken for granted and must be actively designed and managed. We describe here what response diversity is, how it is expressed and how it can be enhanced and lost.
- Published
- 2023
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