4 results on '"molekularna ekologija"'
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2. Genetic diversity and structure of populations of the species Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierras of Córdoba (Argentina)
- Author
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Rašić, Dragan and Liber, Zlatko
- Subjects
molekularna ekologija, AFLP, kaktusi ,AFLP ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,molekularna ekologija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,molecular ecology ,kaktusi ,cacti - Abstract
U planinskim se područjima povećanjem nadmorske visine mijenjaju klimatski i ekološki uvjeti, a što se zrcali u promjenama u sastavu vegetacije. Budući da se može pretpostaviti kako će vrste sa širokom rasprostranjenošću biti pod manjim utjecajem klimatskih promjena, nego što je to slučaj s usko rasprostranjenim vrstama, proučavanje vrsta tolerantnih na promjenu nadmorske visine osobito je zanimljivo u svjetlu današnjih klimatskih promjena. Cilj je ovog diplomskog rada provesti preliminarna populacijsko-genetička istraživanja triju prirodnih populacija vrste G. monvillei (Cactaceae) s različitih nadmorskih visina upotrebom AFLP-biljega (eng. Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphism markers). Nakon usporedbe dobivenih rezultata s rezultatima već provedenih morfoloških i fizioloških istraživanja, definirat će se opsežnija AFLP istraživanja na većem broju prirodnih populacija. Uočena genetska raznolikost, vrijednosti DW-indeksa (eng. frequency down-weighted marker), rezultati analize PCoA (eng. Principal Coordinate Analysis) i STRUCTURE analize ukazuju na dugu vremensku izoliranost populacije s najviše nadmorske visine i slobodan protok gena kod dviju populacija na nižim nadmorskim visinama. Jedinke populacija s nadmorske visine od 1250 m, zbog utvrđene najveće genetičke raznolikosti, globularne građe klijanaca, otpornosti na povišenu temperaturu i sušu, velikih plodova i velikog broja sjemenki, najizglednije su u ekološkom optimumu vrste te bi se vjerojatno najlakše prilagodile budućim klimatskim promjenama. U skladu s tim ova populacija predstavlja evolucijski signifikantnu jedinicu koju treba uzeti u obzir u budućim programima zaštite. In mountain regions, with increasing altitude, climate and ecological conditions change, which reflects in changes of vegetation composition. Since it can be assumed that widespread species will be less affected by climate change, than it is the case with narrowly distributed species, the study of species tolerant to altitude changes is particularly interesting in the light of today's climate change. The aim of this graduation thesis was to conduct a preliminary population genetic study of three natural populations of G. monvillei (Cactaceae) from different altitudes using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphism) markers. After comparing obtained results with the already existing results of morphological and physiological studies, a more extensive AFLP studies are going to be defined on a larger number of natural populations. The observed genetic diversity, DW index values (frequency down-weighted marker), PCoA (Principal Coordinate Analysis) and STRUCTURE analyses indicated long-time isolation of the population from the highest altitude and free gene flow in the two populations from lower altitudes. Due to the highest genetic diversity, globular seedlings, resistance to high temperatures and drought, large fruits and large numbers of seeds, the population at 1250 m a.s.l. probably represents an ecological optimum of the species and it would most likely be the easiest population to adapt to future climate changes. Therefore, this population can be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit in future conservation programs.
- Published
- 2020
3. Determination and analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, 1821) from the Adriatic Sea
- Author
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Medved, Magdalena, Galov, Ana, and Đuras, Martina
- Subjects
haplotypes ,Adriatic Sea ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,molecular markers ,bottlenose dolphin ,population structure ,mitohondrijska DNA ,mitochondrial DNA ,molekularna ekologija ,Jadransko more ,molekularni markeri ,dobri dupin ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,struktura populacije ,haplotipovi ,molecular ecology - Abstract
Dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) jedina je vrsta morskog sisavca koja u Jadranu obitava cijelu godinu. Populacija dupina, ne samo Jadrana već i globalno, sve je ugroženija djelovanjem klimatskih promjena, litoralizacije, izlovom ribe, sve intenzivnijim morskim prometom. Istraživanja dupina Sredozemnog mora malobrojna su, a čine osnovu za daljnje postupke u zaštiti i konzervaciji populacija. U ovom radu utvrđeni su i analizirani haplotipovi kontrolne regije mitohondrijske DNA populacije dobrih dupina Jadranskog mora te uspoređeni s ostalim objavljenim haplotipovima. Nakon izolacije DNA provela sam PCR reakciju, purifikaciju te sekvenciranje kontrolne regije, a zatim i računalne analize te izradila mreže. Istraživanje je pokazalo da populacija dobrih dupina Jadranskog mora ima 13 haplotipova kontrolne regije mtDNA od kojih su u ovom radu utvrđena dva nova (DD12 i DD13). Haplotipska raznolikost (Hd) iznosi 0,6831 a nukleotidna (π) 0,01085 što ukazuje na relativno visoku razinu genetičke raznolikosti. Mreža haplotipova dobivenih u ovom radu i onih preuzetih s GenBanka ne pokazuje jasnu filogeografsku strukturiranost populacija dobrih dupina Jadranskog, Sredozemnog, Crnog mora te sjeveroistočnog Atlantika. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) is the only species of marine mammals that lives in the Adriatic Sea throughout the entire year. The population of dolphins, not only in the Adriatic but also globally, is increasingly threatened by climate change, littoralisation, fishing and growing marine traffic. Studies of the Mediterranean Sea dolphins are few, and form the basis for further action for the protection and conservation of their populations. In this graduation thesis, the mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes of the bottlenose dolphin population in the Adriatic Sea have been identified and compared with other published haplotypes. After isolating the DNA, I performed the PCR reaction, purification and sequencing of the control region, followed by computer analysis, after which I constructed the haplotype networks. The study has shown that the common bottlenose dolphin population of the Adriatic Sea has 13 mtDNA control region haplotypes, of which two new haplotypes (DD12 and DD13) have been identified in this graduation thesis. The haplotype diversity (Hd) is 0,6831 and nucleotide diversity (π) is 0,01085, which points to a relatively high level of genetic diversity. The haplotype network showing a comparison of haplotypes determined in this graduation thesis and haplotypes downloaded from GenBank does not show a clear phylogeographic structure of populations of the Adriatic, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the northeast Atlantic.
- Published
- 2020
4. Varstvena genetika rjavega medveda (Ursus arctos L.) v Sloveniji
- Author
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Skrbinšek, Tomaž and Trontelj, Peter
- Subjects
efektivna velikost populacije ,noninvasive genetic sampling ,neinvazivno genetsko vzorčenje ,Slovenia ,population abundance estimates ,brown bear ,genetic diversity ,genetska pestrost ,ocenjevanje velikosti populacije ,conservation genetics ,molekularna ekologija ,rjavi medved ,varstvena genetika ,Slovenija ,molecular ecology ,udc:591.5:599.744.21(497.4)(043.3) ,effective population size - Published
- 2015
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