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Background: The Rapid-O2 oxygen insufflation device® (Rapid-O2) was designed primarily for rescue oxygenation in cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate (CICO) events; thus, hypercapnia is inevitable. Rapid-O2 was modified to enhance ventilation using the Venturi effect during expiration. Methods: To determine the most effective combination of inner catheters (20 gauge [G], 18 G, 16 G, 14 G, and 2-mm inner diameter [ID] transtracheal catheter [TTC]) and insufflation catheters (16 G, 14 G, and 2-mm ID TTC) for achieving optimum ventilation, insufflating and expiratory flows were measured at an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min. The insufflating and expiratory pressures were measured at 6-15 L/min. The flows and pressures were measured using a gas flow analyzer. The insufflating and expiratory times were measured using a trachea-lung model to obtain minute volumes. To assess the improvement by modifying the Rapid-O2, minute volumes were measured using the Rapid-O2. Results: The most appropriate inner catheter was 18 G. The insufflating pressures ranged from 97 (2-mm ID TTC) to 377 cmH2O (16 G) at 15 L/min. During expiration, similar negative pressures of 50 cmH2O were measured in the insufflation catheters at 15 L/min. At lung compliance of 100 ml/cmH2O, the minute volumes through a 2-mm ID and 14 G insufflation catheters were 7.0 and 5.37 L/min, respectively, at 15 L/min. The minute volumes were significantly greater in modified Rapid-O2. Conclusions: Modified Rapid-O2 provided sufficient minute volumes in adults using a 14 G or 2-mm ID insufflation catheter at 15 L/min, demonstrating its potential for ventilation in CICO events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a rapidly developing non-invasive treatment method for tumors in recent years. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the lesion and temperature effects of HIFU combined with different concentrations and volumes of ethanol on porcine liver. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, different concentrations and volumes of ethanol were injected into the focal area of porcine liver using B-mode ultrasound, and the focal temperature was monitored using a k-type needle thermocouple. The peak negative pressure and sound intensity at the focal point of porcine liver were calculated by Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation. Further, the presence of cavitation effects within porcine liver was further determined by ultrasound hyperechoic. The differences in lesion volume and temperature, caused by different concentrations and volumes of ethanol on porcine liver, were measured. Results: HIFU irradiation combined with ethanol injection caused greater lesion volume and higher focal temperature in porcine liver. At the same HIFU irradiation power, an increase in the volume of ethanol resulted in an increase in lesion volume and focal temperature. At a fixed volume of ethanol injected and HIFU irradiation power, higher ethanol concentrations resulted in higher lesion volumes and focal temperature. Conclusion: The combination of HIFU and ethanol synergistically affects the lesion of porcine liver, manifested as the larger the ethanol concentration and volume, the larger the lesion volume and the higher the focal temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Abstract To compare the safety and effectiveness of the combination of intelligent intrarenal pressure control platforms and flexible end ureteral access sheath combined with flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) for the treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm with day case mode. From November 2023 to July 2024, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled study was conducted to recruit 60 patients with upper urinary tract calculi measuring ≤ 2 cm in longest diameter. A total of 60 eligible patients were consecutively enrolled. Based on a pre-generated random number table and allocation scheme using SPSS 27.0, patients were assigned to either the intelligent pressure control group (IFURL, n = 30) or the head bending group (BFURL, n = 30). Blinding measures were implemented for patients, data collectors, statisticians, and analysts, with the allocation results disclosed to the surgeons prior to the start of the procedure in the operating room. The operation duration for IFURL and BFURL was 52.50 (48.00, 60.00) vs. 46.00 (36.00, 56.25), respectively (p = 0.047). Stone free rate (SFR) on the first postoperative day was 73.33% vs. 93.33% for IFURL and BFURL, respectively (p = 0.038). While, SFR was no significant difference between the two groups after two months(90.00% vs. 96.67%, p = 0.301). One patient in IFURL was readmitted after discharge due to fever 2 days post-discharge, and improved after 2 days of anti-infection treatment. One patient in BFURL was readmitted due to lumbar and abdominal pain from urine extravasation, which improved after 3 days of anti-infection treatment. SFR of one-month post-surgery for renal calculi ≤ 2 cm treated with intelligent pressure control and flexible UAS combined with FURL in day surgery mode was similar, with low infection-related complications and rehospitalization rates, showing no statistical difference. However, the overall hospitalization costs for the BFURL was lower than IFURL. more...

Abstract Our study aimed to retrospectively analyze the patients who underwent the combination of negative pressure equipment and RIRS(NP-RIRS) for renal stones, and identified new high-risk factors related to infection. 456 patients with renal stones ≤ 3 cm underwent NP-RIRS in our department, from January 2022 to October 2023. All patients were divided into non-infection group(NIRIRS group) and infection group(IRIRS group) based on infection complications during the perioperative period. Establish a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)based on variables with statistical differences, and use the Jordan index to find the optimal cutoff value. Classify the data into two categories based on the best truncation value, and perform binary logistic regression analysis on the classified data. In the IRIRS group, there were 10 cases of fever (2.92%), 2 cases of sepsis (0.58%), and no cases of septic shock or death. The length and the CT value of the stone were 16 (13,21) vs. 22 (19,24) (p more...

To compare the safety and effectiveness of the combination of intelligent intrarenal pressure control platforms and flexible end ureteral access sheath combined with flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) for the treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm with day case mode. From November 2023 to July 2024, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled study was conducted to recruit 60 patients with upper urinary tract calculi measuring ≤ 2 cm in longest diameter. A total of 60 eligible patients were consecutively enrolled. Based on a pre-generated random number table and allocation scheme using SPSS 27.0, patients were assigned to either the intelligent pressure control group (IFURL, n = 30) or the head bending group (BFURL, n = 30). Blinding measures were implemented for patients, data collectors, statisticians, and analysts, with the allocation results disclosed to the surgeons prior to the start of the procedure in the operating room. The operation duration for IFURL and BFURL was 52.50 (48.00, 60.00) vs. 46.00 (36.00, 56.25), respectively (p = 0.047). Stone free rate (SFR) on the first postoperative day was 73.33% vs. 93.33% for IFURL and BFURL, respectively (p = 0.038). While, SFR was no significant difference between the two groups after two months(90.00% vs. 96.67%, p = 0.301). One patient in IFURL was readmitted after discharge due to fever 2 days post-discharge, and improved after 2 days of anti-infection treatment. One patient in BFURL was readmitted due to lumbar and abdominal pain from urine extravasation, which improved after 3 days of anti-infection treatment. SFR of one-month post-surgery for renal calculi ≤ 2 cm treated with intelligent pressure control and flexible UAS combined with FURL in day surgery mode was similar, with low infection-related complications and rehospitalization rates, showing no statistical difference. However, the overall hospitalization costs for the BFURL was lower than IFURL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: To evaluate the sustainability of IOP reduction with continuous negative pressure application over an extended duration with use of the Ocular Pressure Adjusting Pump. Methods: Prospective, controlled, open-label, randomized, single site, pilot study. Subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) were enrolled. One eye of each subject was randomized to receive negative pressure application; the fellow eye served as a control. The study eye negative pressure setting was programmed for 60% of the baseline IOP. Subjects wore the Ocular Pressure Adjusting Pump for 8 consecutive hours and IOP measurements occurred at 2-hour intervals for a total of 5 IOP measurements (08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00). Results: Nine subjects successfully enrolled and completed the study. The mean programmed negative pressure setting was − 12.0 mmHg. At baseline, the mean IOP in the study eye was 21.4 ± 4.3 mmHg. The mean IOP reduction in the study eye at hours 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 was 8.1 (37%), 6.4 (28%), 6.3 (29%), 7.3 (34%) and 6.7 (31%), respectively. All IOP measurements during negative pressure application were reduced from baseline. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusion: The Ocular Pressure Adjusting Pump provides a sustained reduction in IOP while the device is worn with negative pressure applied with an IOP reduction exceeding 25% across 8 hours of continuous wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Suction caisson is a new offshore wind power foundation structure developed in recent years. Understanding its penetration characteristics is crucial to the successful application. A field test was conducted in the eastern waters of Rudong, Jiangsu Province, China, to investigate the penetration process of suction caisson. The test results demonstrate that suction caisson can penetrate smoothly to a predetermined elevation of seabed soil under the complex environmental loads, such as natural wind and wave currents. The inclination of the caisson is only 0.018° once the penetration process is complete. The pore water pressure at the outer skirt is primarily influenced by the tide level and drainage conditions of the contact soil layer during penetration, and the peak effective interface pressure at the skirt-soil interface decreases by about 46.7% due to negative pressure inside the skirt. Frictional fatigue effects are found at the skirt-soil interfaces. Meanwhile, the seepage reduction and squeezing induced resistance effects at the skirt-soil interface are the leading causes for the different distributions of effective interface pressure between the inner and outer skirts of the caisson. The findings of this study can guide the future penetration of suction caisson under challenging geological circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The penis is a structure that requires both anatomical and functional reconstruction. Being a three-dimensional structure that changes in volume, it presents a reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. Currently, various alternatives are available for covering these complex defects, such as grafts, flaps, and dermal matrices. The objective of this study is to present a case report describing a complex post-traumatic penile defect in which three combined strategies were implemented for the first time (spiral full-thickness grafts, nanolipoinjection, and negative pressure therapy). These strategies have been described in the literature for defect coverage, achieving satisfactory anatomical and functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

This study attempts to overcome the challenges associated with the degradation of complex organic substances like corn straw hydrolysate in hydrogen recovery by strategically enriching functional microbial communities in single-chamber cubic microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). We applied negative pressure, using acetate or xylose as electron donors, to mitigate the hydrogen sink issues caused by methanogens. This innovative method significantly enhanced MEC performance. MECs enriched with xylose demonstrated superior performance, achieving a hydrogen production rate 3.5 times higher than that achieved by those enriched with acetate. Under negative pressure, hydrogen production in N-XyHy10 reached 0.912 ± 0.08 LH2/L MEC/D, which was 6.7 times higher than in the passive-pressure MECs (XyHy10). This advancement also resulted in substantial increases in current density (73%), energy efficiency (800%), and overall energy efficiency (540%) compared with MECs operated under passive pressure with 10% hydrolysate feed. The enrichment of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria such as Citrobacter and Pseudomonas under negative pressure underscores the potential for their industrial application in harnessing complex organic substrates for bioenergy production in single-chamber MECs. This is a promising approach to scaling up bioenergy recovery processes. The findings of this research study contribute significantly to the field by demonstrating the efficacy of negative pressure in enhancing microbial activity and energy recovery, thereby offering a promising strategy for improving bioenergy production efficiency in industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Artificial muscles actuated by negative pressure offer significant benefits over those driven by positive pressure, such as high contraction ratios and improved safety, making them a promising option for various applications. This paper studies the contraction force characteristic of a bellows-like artificial muscle actuated by negative pressure. Initially, the structure, fabrication, and working principle of the artificial muscle were introduced. Subsequently, based on the force balance method, the contraction force was decomposed as the forces acted by the difference value of the inner and the outer pressures on the end plate, and the tension force derived from the adjacent contraction unit. To reduce complexity, the contraction process was divided into three phases according to the distinct contact conditions of the contraction units: uncontacted, locally contacted, and fully contacted with crests. The deformations of the contraction units in each phase were analyzed, and the corresponding contraction forces were derived. An experiment platform was constructed to test the force by changing the dimension parameters and pressure, obtaining the output force data during isobaric contraction. Finally, a comparison of the experimental and calculated results substantiated the aptness of the theorem model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a rare but potentially devastating complication of median sternotomy performed in cardiac surgery. This report summarizes the nursing management of two pediatric cases with a DSWI treated using Do It Yourself (DIY) negative pressure suction (DIY-NPS) after surgery. The technique maintains a continuous suction pressure of 75 mmHg and intermittently flushes small volumes of fluid to stimulate granulation tissue formation and control systemic infection. After the formation of fresh granulation tissue, both patients achieved successful wound healing and were discharged in good condition. more...

Negative pressure wound therapy or Vacuum therapy of a wound is a sort of therapy to aid wounds to heal by decreasing air pressure on the wound. A 69-year-old female was admitted due to large leiomyoma who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. During hospitalization, the incision site of the patient changed color and the patient had a mild fever with an initial diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. The patient had debridement four times and no remarkable improvement was achieved due to the extent and depth of the wound. Therefore, vacuum therapy was performed for the patient and after applying this procedure, the patient’s wound got smaller and healed with frequent follow–up and the administration of appropriate antibiotics. Wound care is one of the important steps after that total abdominal hysterectomy and vacuum therapy is useful and safe method for faster healing with satisfactory results for its wounds. more...

Background: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a therapeutic technique of applying sub-atmospheric pressure to a wound to reduce inflammation, manage exudate, and promote the formation of granulation tissue. It aims to optimise the natural physiological processes of wound healing for more effective recovery, and NPWT has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional dressings. Methods: The protocol followed in the study was prospectively registered. Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were used to search electronic databases for relevant articles. Screening of articles was performed, and data extraction was done. The effect measure was chosen according to the nature of the variable, and the effect model was chosen as per heterogeneity. Forest plot was used to give visual feedback. Results: This study included 11 randomized controlled trials (13 publications) with a total of 1310 patients (1497 inguinal wounds). The NPWT group had lesser odds of developing surgical site infection (OR: 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.29–0.54; n = 1491; I2 = 20 %; p-value ≤0.00001) and lesser odds of needing surgical wound revision (OR: 0.48; 95 % CI: 0.26–0.91; n = 856; I2 = 0 %; p-value = 0.02) as compared to the normal dressing group. No significant difference was observed in duration of hospital stay, cost of care, wound healing time, or other complications. Conclusion: NPWT application in inguinal wounds significantly reduces the surgical site infection and the need for wound revision in patients who have undergone vascular surgery. more...

浸出车间第一蒸发器的有效利用对整体的蒸发效果和热能的节约有着重要的意义。旨在为工厂的生产稳定和工艺的不断改进提供理论参考，介绍了混合油的基本特性，引用了两种方法验证第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用，并对蒸馏工艺中需要注意的问题进行了总结。第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用的验证方法一是通过负压合理性进行验证，二是通过实际换热面积是否得到有效利用进行验证。工厂可以通过两种验证方法对第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用进行初步的判断，并对相关工艺条件作出相关调整。第一蒸发器的有效利用涉及多个工艺步骤，蒸发器进口混合油浓度、二次蒸汽中含粕量、混合油的杂质含量、冷凝系统的稳定性等因素在实际生产中均需被关注，以保证第一蒸发器的有效利用。Effective use of the first-stage evaporator in leaching plant is of great significance to the overall evaporation effect and heat energy saving. Aiming to provide theoretical reference for the production stability and the continuous improvement of the process, the basic characteristics of the miscella were introduced, two methods were cited to verify whether the first-stage evaporator was effectively utilized or not, and the problems that need to be paid attention to in the distillation process were summarised. The rationality of the effective use of the first-stage evaporator could be verified by the reasonableness of the negative pressure, and by examining whether the actual heat exchanger area was effectively utilized or not. Factory can make a preliminary judgement on the effective use of the first-stage evaporator through these two methods, and adjust the relevant process conditions accordingly. The effective use of the first-stage evaporator involves a number of process steps, and factors such as the evaporator inlet miscella concentration, the meal content in the secondary vapour, the impurity content in the miscella, the stability of condensing system and so on in the actual production need to be concerned to ensure the effective use of the first - stage evaporator. more...

New suction endoscopes, ureteral access sheaths (UAS) and catheters aim to improve the efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy and optimize its safety. Suction UAS with non-flexible tips have shown promising results, especially in maintaining low intrarenal pressure, but also in removing small debris and reducing the "snow globe" effect. In addition, suctioning UAS with a flexible tip offers the advantage of being able to be navigated through the pyelocaliceal system to where the laser lithotripsy is performed. It can also remove small stone fragments when the flexible ureteroscope is retracted, using the Venturi effect. Direct in-scope suction (DISS) involves aspirating dust and small stone debris through the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope, thus regulating intrarenal pressure and improving visibility. Steerable aspiration catheters are other devices designed to increase stone clearance of the pyelocaliceal system. They are inserted under fluoroscopic guidance into every calyx after retraction of the flexible ureteroscope, alternating irrigation and aspiration to remove dust and small gravels. Combining flexible-tip suction UAS and the DISS technique may offer some advantages worth evaluating. The advantage of using these instruments to achieve a low intrarenal pressure was demonstrated. The true practical impact on the long-term stone-free status is a matter requiring further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Laser absorption spectroscopy for gas sensing basically employs an air pump located at the gas cell probe to draw in ambient gases, and the on-site gas sample is subsequently delivered for laboratory non-real-time analysis. In this study, an in situ all-fiber remote gas sensing strategy is proposed. The anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) is used as the sensing fiber, and a 20 m middle-hole eccentric-core fiber (MH-ECF) is used as the conducting fiber. The remote ambient gases can be inhaled into the AR-HCF as a result of the negative pressure transmitted through the MH-ECF when pumping gas at the interface of the MH-ECF. Since the real-time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions in industrial processes holds immense significance in addressing global climate change, the detection of CO2 is achieved with the TDLAS-WMS method, and the gas sensing performance of an all-fiber remote gas sensing structure (RGS) is experimentally validated. The response time t90 under the pumping condition is about 456 s, which is about 30 times faster than that of free diffusion. Allan deviation results for more than one hour of continuous monitoring indicate that the lowest detection limit for the all-fiber RGS is 0.0373% when the integration time is 184 s. The all-fiber remote gas sensing strategy also possesses the benefits of being applicable to multiplex, hazardous gas environment passive monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: To design a multifunctional cooking experimental platform with negative pressure and superheated steam, providing consumers with greener, healthier, and more diverse cooking methods. Methods: The research status of integrated cooking equipment was analyzed, and the application status of superheated steam and negative pressure technology in the food industry was summarized and analyzed. The performance parameters of the multifunctional cooking experimental platform were determined. Based on the characteristics of each function of the experimental platform, the cooking chamber, furnace door and other components were designed, and the overall plan of the experimental platform was developed. Results: The multi-functional cooking experimental platform developed has four functions: negative pressure, steam, microwave, and baking. It can achieve negative pressure extraction of -28 kPa and direct injection of 390 ℃ superheated steam into the cavity. The heating effect of hot air and microwave is good. Conclusion: The multifunctional cooking experimental platform developed has high feasibility and practicality. more...

Abstract To compare the safety and effectiveness of the combination of intelligent intrarenal pressure control platforms (IPCP) and flexible ureteral access sheath (FUAS) combined with retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm. We retrospectively collected 383 patients with renal stones who underwent RIRS in our department from June 2022 to October 2023. Inclusion criteria: stone length or the sum of multiple stone lengths ≤ 2 cm. Finally, 99 cases were included and divided into an IPCP group (n = 40) and FUAS group (n = 59) based on surgical methods. The main endpoint was the stone-free rate (SFR) at third months after surgery, with no residual stones or stone fragments less than 2 mm defined as stone clearance. The secondary endpoints were surgical time and perioperative complications, including fever, sepsis, septic shock, and perirenal hematoma. There was no statistically significant difference in general information between the two groups, including age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, stone side, stone location, stone length, urine bacterial culture, and hydronephrosis. The operation time for IPCP group and FUAS group was 56.83 ± 21.33 vs 55.47 ± 19.69 min (p = 0.747). The SFR of IPCP group and FUAS group on the first postoperative day was 75.00% vs 91.50% (p = 0.024). The SFR was 90.00% vs 94.90% in the third month (p = 0.349).In IPCP group, there were 11 cases with stones located in the lower renal calyces and 17 cases in FUAS group. The SFR of the two groups on the first day and third months after surgery were 45.50% vs 88.20% (p = 0.014) and 63.60% vs 94.10% (p = 0.040), respectively, with statistical differences. For kidney stones ≤ 2 cm, there was no difference in SFR and the incidence of infection-related complications between IPCP and FUAS combined with RIRS, both of which were superior to T-RIRS. For lower renal caliceal stones, FUAS has a higher SFR compared to IPCP. more...

Negative pressure wound therapy or Vacuum therapy of a wound is a sort of therapy to aid wounds to heal by decreasing air pressure on the wound. A 69-year-old female was admitted due to large leiomyoma who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. During hospitalization, the incision site of the patient changed color and the patient had a mild fever with an initial diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. The patient had debridement four times and no remarkable improvement was achieved due to the extent and depth of the wound. Therefore, vacuum therapy was performed for the patient and after applying this procedure, the patient's wound got smaller and healed with frequent follow–up and the administration of appropriate antibiotics. Wound care is one of the important steps after that total abdominal hysterectomy and vacuum therapy is useful and safe method for faster healing with satisfactory results for its wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The care of skin grafts in the penile shaft is challenging because of its cylindrical shape and constantly changing length and lie, which makes it difficult to apply uniform compression and ensure immobilization during the critical period of skin graft take. These challenges are difficult to overcome with conventional dressings. The authors describe a technique of applying a double-opposing negative pressure dressing to sandwich the penile shaft following reconstruction with a skin graft, which is simple to apply and addresses these issues. Adoption of this technique may allow the reconstructive surgeon to manage skin grafts on the penile shaft with greater ease and confidence of optimum graft take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Diabetic foot ulcers are hard to treat ulcers that are common in population. This situation causes amputations and extremity loss. Among therapeutic options negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) seems a good option to treat specially non osteomyelitic and non ischemic wounds. This method can be widely used in deep, large and infected wounds. The antibacterial effect of silver on wounds has been used for centuries. Silver wound closure sets, which are also used in NPWT systems, have gained importance in recent years. In this study, the effect of Confort brand NPWT with and without silver on wound healing evaluated retrospectively. This is a multi center study involving five different institution. As a success criterion, a reduction of >50% in the initial dimensions of the wound (width/length/depth) after 7 applications is accepted. When the silver coated and standard foam Confort NPWT groups were compared, the reduction of 50% or more in the wound volume was relatively shorter in the silver group; while it was 3.2 +/- 1.2 weeks in the silver group, it was 5.14 +/- 2.3 weeks in the silver-free group (p=0.08). [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1320-1323] more...

The energy-volume curve of a crystalline solid is critically examined in terms of the mechanical contributions of its constituent atoms. In addition to the usual analysis in the positive compression regime, our computational approach covers the tensile behavior in the negative pressure region up to the spinodal stability limit. Using the rich polymorphism of ZnO as a test-bed example, we propose two atomic decomposition schemes that are able to recover the bulk moduli and the critical strengths of four ZnO phases providing an intriguing interpretation of the chemical bonding network as a parallel circuit of mechanical resistors. Our scheme also allows the identification of the role played by the cation and anion in the densification of the high-pressure polymorphs and up to the material rupture points. This approach may help in the quest for tailored materials with outstanding mechanical performance. more...

This report describes a novel technique for improving depressed scars using negative pressure suction-assisted autologous fat grafting. A 35-year-old woman presented with a 20-year history of bilateral central buttock concavities, causing aesthetic concerns. To maximize fat graft survival and enhance tissue volume, we implemented intermittent negative pressure suction on the recipient area for one month preoperatively. The patient expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome, and a three-month follow-up confirmed a significantly improved fat graft survival rate. This minimally invasive, cost-effective, and easily reproducible technique offers a promising clinical strategy for treating depressed scars. more...

Introduction Chronic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal healthcare presentation with an expense of over $100 billion annually. The clinical effect of myofascial cupping on pain and function is not clear, especially when different cupping techniques are combined. The purpose of this case series was to explore changes in pain and function following local static and distal dynamic myofascial dry cupping treatments in patients with chronic low back pain. Case Descriptions Three adults from the general population received three ten-minute treatment sessions, 48 hours between each session, of static dry cupping to the low back followed by dynamic myofascial cupping of the quadriceps and hamstring musculature. Outcome measures were taken at two different time points within one-week per participant. Subjective measures included the numeric pain rating scale and the Oswestry Disability Index, objective measures included passive straight leg raise measurements, and pressure pain threshold. Results and Discussion Local static combined with distal dynamic myofascial cupping reduced pain, pain sensitivity and perceived disability, and improved hamstring muscle extensibility in all three participants. These encouraging results support the initiation of a larger controlled trial aimed at investigating the efficacy of combined dry cupping interventions to treat musculoskeletal dysfunction and pain. Level of Evidence 4 (case series) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

To compare the safety and effectiveness of the combination of intelligent intrarenal pressure control platforms (IPCP) and flexible ureteral access sheath (FUAS) combined with retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm. We retrospectively collected 383 patients with renal stones who underwent RIRS in our department from June 2022 to October 2023. Inclusion criteria: stone length or the sum of multiple stone lengths ≤ 2 cm. Finally, 99 cases were included and divided into an IPCP group (n = 40) and FUAS group (n = 59) based on surgical methods. The main endpoint was the stone-free rate (SFR) at third months after surgery, with no residual stones or stone fragments less than 2 mm defined as stone clearance. The secondary endpoints were surgical time and perioperative complications, including fever, sepsis, septic shock, and perirenal hematoma. There was no statistically significant difference in general information between the two groups, including age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, stone side, stone location, stone length, urine bacterial culture, and hydronephrosis. The operation time for IPCP group and FUAS group was 56.83 ± 21.33 vs 55.47 ± 19.69 min (p = 0.747). The SFR of IPCP group and FUAS group on the first postoperative day was 75.00% vs 91.50% (p = 0.024). The SFR was 90.00% vs 94.90% in the third month (p = 0.349).In IPCP group, there were 11 cases with stones located in the lower renal calyces and 17 cases in FUAS group. The SFR of the two groups on the first day and third months after surgery were 45.50% vs 88.20% (p = 0.014) and 63.60% vs 94.10% (p = 0.040), respectively, with statistical differences. For kidney stones ≤ 2 cm, there was no difference in SFR and the incidence of infection-related complications between IPCP and FUAS combined with RIRS, both of which were superior to T-RIRS. For lower renal caliceal stones, FUAS has a higher SFR compared to IPCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

We have successfully synthesized a series of Bi-doped BaFe2As2 high-quality single crystals for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show an expansion of lattice parameter c with Bi doping, indicating a negative pressure effect. By investigating the resistivity, a Fermi liquid (FL) to non-Fermi liquid (NFL) crossover is observed from normal state to antiferromagnetic order state, accompanied by three superconducting transitions labeled as SC I, SC II and SC III, which are supposed to be induced by three superconducting realms with various Bi concentrations. Thus, we propose that the NFL behavior is closely related to the presence of superconductivity. The magnetic susceptibility measurements further speculate that the SC I and SC III phases should exhibit filamentary superconductivity while the SC II exhibits a possible bulk superconductivity of TC~7 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In order to ensure the most reasonable distribution of wheat seeds in the field to improve seeding quality and uniformity, a set of negative pressure precision seed-metering device was designed, which shares a hollow shaft. Every seedmetering device can sow two rows of wheat. By the STAR-CCM+, the analysis of nephogram, vectogram and streamline graph showed that more ideal structural parameters of the seed-metering device are 0.5 mm width of the slit sucking seed (WSS), 150-200 mm diameter of the seed-metering disc (DSD), 2.0 mm axial depth of air chamber in the seed-metering disc (ADS), and arcshaped cross-section shape of the ring groove sucking seed (CSGS). Single-factor test on the JPS-12 test-bed analyzed the influence of the CSGS, WSS, DSD, and ADS on the qualified index (Iq), multiple index (Imul), miss index (Imiss) and coefficient of variation of qualified seed spacing (CV). Through the orthogonal on the JPS-12 test-bed, it is found that the influence of vacuum negative pressure and seed-metering device shaft speed is significant on the Iq, Imiss and Imul. Based on these, the structural parameters of the seed-metering device were optimized. The DSD is 180 mm, the WSS is 0.7 mm, the ADS is 2.5 mm, and the CSGS is arc-shaped. The optimization seed-metering device was tested on the JPS-12 test-bed. The Iq is 86.66%, the Imiss is 5.09%, the Imul is 8.25%, and the CV is 24.50%. These testing results fully coincide with the standard JB/T 10293-2013 Specifications of single seed drill (precision drill). The seed-metering device meets fully the requirements for wheat precision seeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) system use compared with standard of care dressings (SOC) on surgical site infection (SSI) in cardiac surgery was assessed. A systematic literature review was conducted. Risk ratios (RR) and random effects models were used to assess ciNPT with foam dressing (ciNPT‐F) or multilayer absorbent dressing (ciNPT‐MLA) versus SOC. Health economic models were developed to assess potential per patient cost savings. Eight studies were included in the ciNPT‐F analysis and four studies were included in the ciNPT‐MLA analysis. For ciNPT‐F, a significant reduction in SSI incidence was observed (RR: 0.507, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.362, 0.709; p < 0.001). High‐risk study analysis reported significant SSI reduction with ciNPT‐F use (RR: 0.390, 95% CI: 0.205, 0.741; p = 0.004). For ciNPT‐MLA, no significant difference in SSI rates were reported (RR: 0.672, 95% CI: 0.276, 1.635; p = 0.381). Health economic modelling estimated a per patient cost savings of $554 for all patients and $3242 for the high‐risk population with ciNPT‐F use. Health economic modelling suggests ciNPT‐F may provide a cost‐effective solution for sternotomy incision management. However, limited high‐quality literature exists. More high‐quality evidence is needed to fully assess the impact of ciNPT use following cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Symmastia, a term used to describe the medial intermammary confluence that may appear as a complication following breast augmentation or reconstruction, is a cosmetic issue breast surgeons occasionally encounter and must be prepared to correct. Over-dissection of medial structures, oversized implants, and forces applied to implants in the sub-pectoral space have all been proposed as potential causes of the development of symmastia. Numerous techniques to correct symmastia have been described in previous literature, including capsulorrhaphy, dermo-sternal adhesion, neo-pocket creation, and techniques based on muscle repair. However, these methods are susceptible to recurrence. In this case report series, we present three cases in which symmastia was successfully corrected following surgical repair with post-operative external negative pressure therapy over the intermammary sulcus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Microvascular fluid exchange is primarily dependent on Starling forces and both the active and passive myogenic response of arterioles and post-capillary venules. Arterioles are classically considered resistance vessels, while venules are considered capacitance vessels with high distensibility and low tonic sympathetic stimulation at rest. However, few studies have investigated the effects of modulating interstitial hydrostatic pressure, particularly in the context of hemorrhagic shock. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanics of arterioles and functional capillary density (FCD) during application of negative tissue interstitial pressure after 40% total blood volume hemorrhagic shock. In this study, we characterized systemic and microcirculatory hemodynamic parameters, including FCD, in hamsters instrumented with a dorsal window chamber and a custom-designed negative pressure application device via intravital microscopy. In large arterioles, application of negative pressure after hemorrhagic shock resulted in a 13 ± 11% decrease in flow compared with only a 7 ± 9% decrease in flow after hemorrhagic shock alone after 90 minutes. In post-capillary venules, however, application of negative pressure after hemorrhagic shock resulted in a 31 ± 4% decrease in flow compared with only an 8 ± 5% decrease in flow after hemorrhagic shock alone after 90 minutes. Normalized FCD was observed to significantly improve after application of negative pressure after hemorrhagic shock (0.66 ± 0.02) compared to hemorrhagic shock without application of negative pressure (0.50 ± 0.04). Our study demonstrates that application of negative pressure acutely improves FCD during hemorrhagic shock, though it does not normalize FCD. These results suggest that by increasing the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the microvasculature and interstitium, microvascular perfusion can be transiently restored in the absence of volume resuscitation. This study has significant clinical implications, particularly in negative pressure wound therapy, and offers an alternative mechanism to improve microvascular perfusion during hypovolemic shock. more...

Diabetic foot ulcers are hard to treat ulcers that are common in population. This situation causes amputations and extremity loss. Among therapeutic options negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) seems a good option to treat specially non osteomyelitic and non ischemic wounds. This method can be widely used in deep, large and infected wounds. The antibacterial effect of silver on wounds has been used for centuries. Silver wound closure sets, which are also used in NPWT systems, have gained importance in recent years. In this study, the effect of Confort brand NPWT with and without silver on wound healing evaluated retrospectively. This is a multi center study involving five different institution. As a success criterion, a reduction of >50% in the initial dimensions of the wound (width/length/depth) after 7 applications is accepted. When the silver coated and standard foam Confort NPWT groups were compared, the reduction of 50% or more in the wound volume was relatively shorter in the silver group; while it was 3.2 +/- 1.2 weeks in the silver group, it was 5.14 +/- 2.3 weeks in the silver-free group (p=0.08). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background and Objectives: The use of oncoplastic techniques has spread widely in the last decade, with an expansion of the indications and demonstration of excellent oncological safety profiles. A potential downside may be the increased complication rates, which could influence the timing of adjuvant therapy. To date, there is increasing evidence that negative pressure therapy on closed wounds can reduce complication rates after surgery. From this perspective, we tested the use of portable negative pressure wound dressings (NPWDs) in oncoplastic surgery to minimize early post-operative admissions to the outpatient clinic and prevent surgical complications. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was conducted on a population of patients who underwent quadrantectomy and wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty for breast cancer. The primary objective of the study is represented by the evaluation of the impact of NPWD on post-operative outcomes in an oncoplastic surgery setting. Patients enrolled between January 2021 and January 2023 were divided into two groups, the conventional dressing (CD) group and the NPWD group, by a simple randomization list. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled, with 52 in the CD group and 48 in the NPWD group. The use of NPWD significantly reduced the wound dehiscence rate (2.0% vs. 7.7% p = 0.002) and the number of one-month postoperative admissions to our clinic (3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.7 ± 1.3 p = 0.0009). Although not significant, it is possible to note a trend of reduction of clinically relevant postoperative total complications in patients treated with NPWDs. Conclusions: NPWDs may represent a useful tool in the post-surgical management of complex oncoplastic procedures, ensuring less wound dehiscence. Furthermore, the use of these dressings led to a significant reduction in admissions to the clinic, promoting a lower use of resources by hospitals and effective prevention of possible complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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Abstract To solve the insufficient energy for reverse circulation fishing tools in complex structure wells, it is necessary to further optimize the design of the tools to improve the impurity salvage efficiency. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) flow field simulation model of reverse circulation fishing tool with venturi negative pressure is employed to identify the vortex zone of circulation channel and to investigate the negative pressure and jet velocity distribution around the spray nozzle based on the ANSYS‐CFX. The effects of the spray angle, diameter of the suction nozzle, and the nonstructural parameters on negative pressure and jet velocity are investigated through sensitivity analysis. As revealed from the results, there may be an optimum value for the spray angle, and the nozzle jet direction can indeed affect the propagation and attenuation of the bottom hole flow field greatly. The combination of the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet and that of the nozzle inlet (Φ + Φ′ = 3 mm + 6 mm) is the best design solution when the negative pressure at the nozzle outlet can be the highest. The negative pressure and jet velocity increase with the increasement of the inlet flow rate. The comparative analysis of different bottom hole impurity mass in the cases of the borehole inner diameter 5′ and 8.5″ on the salvage efficiency are conducted numerically. It is observed that the impurity mass salvaged and salvage time are not directly related to its total amount, but only related to the flow rate of the sucked fluid flow. The impurity salvage efficiency can be as high as 95.4%, which meets the engineering requirements in the field. This work improves the working performance of the reverse circulation fishing tool and provides theoretical guidance for well washing. more...

We now commonly use Negative Pressure Therapy (NPWT) as an adjunct to care in a variety of circumstances. In the management of wounds, ulcers or sores of varying size and with such a degree of secretions, exudate, oozing that the correct use of common dressing devices is not possible. Over time, this therapeutic choice has seen an important evolution in clinical indications and technology aimed at achieving an effective and consistent result. more...

The delayed healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), is a clinical problem. Few dressings can promote wound healing by satisfying the demands of chronic wound exudate management and tissue granulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare a high-absorption polyurethane (PU) foam dressing modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethoxysilane (APTES) to promote wound healing. PEG-modified (PUE) and PEG/APTES-modified (PUESi) dressings were prepared by self-foaming reactions. Gauze and PolyMem were used as controls. Next, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermomechanical analyses, scanning electron microscopy and tensile strength, water absorption, anti-protein absorption, surface dryness and biocompatibility tests were performed for in vitro characterization. Wound healing effects were further investigated in nondiabetic (non-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) rat models. The PUE and PUESi groups exhibited better physicochemical properties than the gauze and PolyMem groups. Moreover, PUESi dressing showed better anti-adhesion properties and absorption capacity with deformation. Furthermore, the PUESi dressing shortened the inflammatory phase and enhanced collagen deposition in both the non-DM and DM animal models. To conclude, the PUESi dressing not only was fabricated with a simple and effective strategy but also enhanced wound healing via micronegative-pressure generation by its high absorption compacity with deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease that can lead to small intestine obstruction, has seen a significant rise in Spain. The country has become the first in Europe with an annual incidence of 8000 cases, primarily due to the popularity of consuming exotic dishes of undercooked or raw fish and the impact of climate change. The clinical presentation of anisakiasis can mimic symptoms of acute appendicitis or intestinal obstruction, leading to potential misdiagnosis. This case report describes a 37-year-old patient with no significant medical history who presented abdominal distension and intense pain in the right lower quadrant. The patient underwent surgery and received physiotherapy treatment, including therapeutic exercises and pulsed-pressure myofascial vacuum therapy, to facilitate functional recovery. The increasing incidence of anisakiasis in Spain underscores the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of digestive diseases, given the high consumption of poorly prepared or raw fish in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Replantation is widely regarded as the first choice of treatment for finger amputations. However, if the fingertip of a traumatic finger amputation is missing after an injury, the following procedures are often performed to reconstruct this portion: flap surgery, stump surgery, or conservative treatment, including occlusive dressings. To our knowledge, no existing English literature reports using negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to treat traumatic finger amputations. We postulated that NPWT may be applied as a conservative treatment for traumatic finger amputations, promoting the growth of granulation tissue and achieving early epithelialization of the fingertips. Among the case series of five patients, we included six injured fingers comprising two index, two middle, and two ring fingers. The fingertip of each traumatic finger amputation was either missing or highly crushed, making replantation impossible. To preserve finger length with conservative treatment, we adapted an NPWT device for finger amputations. It took an average of 22.7 days for the fingertips to epithelialize. Immediately after epithelialization, there was a slight decrease in sensory perception; however, all patients showed good recovery of sensory perception after 3 months. Range of motion remained unrestricted, with no reduction in grip strength. Patients were highly satisfied with their fingertip appearance. The regenerated nail exhibited slight deformation and shortening. No complications were observed. Our novel study regarding this new conservative treatment and its outcomes revealed that healing was achieved in a relatively short period; therefore, NPWT may serve as a new conservative treatment option in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this paper, a theory of dark energy is proposed that matches dark matter. The relativistic quantum mechanics equations reveal that free particles can have negative energies. We think that the negative energy is the dark energy, which behaves as dark photons with negative energies. In this work, the photon number states are extended to the cases where the photon number can be negative integers, called negative integer photon states, the physical meaning of which are that the photons in such a state are of negative energy, i.e., dark photons. The dark photons constitute dark radiation, also called negative radiation. The formalism of the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of the dark radiation is presented. This version of dark energy is of negative temperature and negative pressure, the latter regarded as responsible for the accelerate expansion of the universe. It is believed that there is a symmetry of energy-dark energy in the universe. In our previous work, the theory of the motion of the matters with negative kinetic energy was presented. In our opinion, the negative kinetic energy matter is dark matter. In the present work, we demonstrate that the dark substances absorb and release dark energy. In this view, the dark matter and dark energy match. Therefore, there is a symmetry of matter-energy match and dark matter-dark energy match in the universe. We present the reasons why the negative kinetic energy systems and negative radiation are dark to us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

One of the more surprising occurrences of bulk nanobubbles is in the sap inside the vascular transport system of flowering plants, the xylem. In plants, nanobubbles are subjected to negative pressure in the water and to large pressure fluctuations, sometimes encompassing pressure changes of several MPa over the course of a single day, as well as wide temperature fluctuations. Here, we review the evidence for nanobubbles in plants and for polar lipids that coat them, allowing nanobubbles to persist in this dynamic environment. The review addresses how the dynamic surface tension of polar lipid monolayers allows nanobubbles to avoid dissolution or unstable expansion under negative liquid pressure. In addition, we discuss theoretical considerations about the formation of lipid-coated nanobubbles in plants from gas-filled spaces in the xylem and the role of mesoporous fibrous pit membranes between xylem conduits in creating the bubbles, driven by the pressure gradient between the gas and liquid phase. We discuss the role of surface charges in preventing nanobubble coalescence, and conclude by addressing a number of open questions about nanobubbles in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Fraunhofer EMFT's research and manufacturing portfolio includes piezoelectrically actuated silicon micro diaphragm pumps with passive flap valves. Research and development in the field of microfluidics have been dedicated for many years to the use of micropumps for generating positive and negative pressures, as well as delivering various media. However, for some applications, only small amounts of fluid need to be pumped, compressed, or evacuated, and until now, only macroscopic pumps with high power consumption have been able to achieve the necessary flow rate and pressure, especially for compressible media such as air. To address these requirements, one potential approach is to use a multistage of high-performing micropumps optimized to negative pressure. In this paper, we present several possible ways to cascade piezoelectric silicon micropumps with passive flap valves to achieve these stringent requirements. Initially, simulations are conducted to generate negative pressures with different cascading methods. The first multistage option assumes pressure equalization over the piezo-actuator by the upstream pump, while for the second case, the actuator diaphragm operates against atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, measurement results for the generation of negative gas pressures down to −82.1 kPa relative to atmospheric pressure (19.2 kPa absolute) with a multistage of three micropumps are presented. This research enables further miniaturization of many applications with high-performance requirements for micropumps, achievable with these multistage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

To solve the insufficient energy for reverse circulation fishing tools in complex structure wells, it is necessary to further optimize the design of the tools to improve the impurity salvage efficiency. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) flow field simulation model of reverse circulation fishing tool with venturi negative pressure is employed to identify the vortex zone of circulation channel and to investigate the negative pressure and jet velocity distribution around the spray nozzle based on the ANSYS‐CFX. The effects of the spray angle, diameter of the suction nozzle, and the nonstructural parameters on negative pressure and jet velocity are investigated through sensitivity analysis. As revealed from the results, there may be an optimum value for the spray angle, and the nozzle jet direction can indeed affect the propagation and attenuation of the bottom hole flow field greatly. The combination of the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet and that of the nozzle inlet (Φ + Φ′ = 3 mm + 6 mm) is the best design solution when the negative pressure at the nozzle outlet can be the highest. The negative pressure and jet velocity increase with the increasement of the inlet flow rate. The comparative analysis of different bottom hole impurity mass in the cases of the borehole inner diameter 5′ and 8.5″ on the salvage efficiency are conducted numerically. It is observed that the impurity mass salvaged and salvage time are not directly related to its total amount, but only related to the flow rate of the sucked fluid flow. The impurity salvage efficiency can be as high as 95.4%, which meets the engineering requirements in the field. This work improves the working performance of the reverse circulation fishing tool and provides theoretical guidance for well washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...