Search

In alignment with smart city initiatives, Malaysia is shifting its educational landscape to a smart learning environment. The Ministry of Education (MoE) has made History a mandatory subject for passing the Malaysian Certificate of Education to grow awareness and instil patriotism among Malaysian students. However, History has been known as one of the difficult subjects to study for many students. On the other hand, the Malaysian Government Education Blueprint 2013-2025 seeks to “leverage ICT scale up quality learning” across the country. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that influence the intention to use Augmented Reality (AR) for mobile learning in learning History subject among secondary school students in Malaysia. Quantitative approach has been chosen as the research method for this study. A direct survey was conducted on 400 secondary school students in one of the smart cities in Malaysia as the target respondents. The collected data are analysed through descriptive statistics and Multiple Linear Regression analysis by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Based on the results, the identified factors that influence the intention to use AR for mobile learning in learning History subject are Gender, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Enjoyment, and Attitude Towards Use. The identified factors can be a good reference for schools and teachers to strategize their teaching and learning methods in pertaining to History subject among secondary school students in Malaysia. Future studies may include the study of various types of schools in Malaysia and explore more moderating effects of demographic factors.

Introduction: Trypanosomiasis often caused by trypanosome is common among wildlife and domestic animals. Aim and Objectives: This study assessed the antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of bitter leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) against Trypanosoma congolense. Methodology: Forty (40) healthy wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120-150 g were used at the beginning of the experiment. They were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). In A, B, D, E and F (n = 5) but group C was started with fifteen (15) rats till death reduced the population to five (5). Group A rats were uninfected and untreated; group B rats were uninfected but treated (500 mg/kgbwt BLEE); group C rats were infected but not treated; groups D, E and F rats were infected and treated (100, 300 and 500 mg/kgbwt BLEE, respectively). Infection of the rats was carried out by injecting 0.1 ml of blood containing approximately 1 × 103 trypanosomes intraperitoneally into each rat in the infected groups. The effects of BLEE on the infected rats were determined. Changes in haemoglobin level and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined prior, during and post infection. Results: The results obtained revealed that the percentage values for haemoglobin level and PCV of infected rats in this study were remarkably reduced compared with the uninfected rats. A marked association between the prevalence of Trypanosoma congolense, haemoglobin level and PCV was observed in this study. The extract immobilized the trypanosome in the treated groups as compared to the infected but untreated group. The BLEE was able to cause a remarkable reduction of parasitaemia level, improved haemoglobin level and PCV as compared to the infected-untreated rats. Conclusion: Our findings thus has given an indication of in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal and anti-anemic activities of Vernonia amygdalina against Trypanosoma congolense.

The development of a path finding algorithm-based intelligent navigation system for a smart robot shopping cart is an exciting project that has the potential to revolutionize the retail industry. With the integration of advanced path finding algorithms, the system will be able to navigate through the store independently, avoiding obstacles and dynamically changing its course to provide customers with a seamless shopping experience. The inclusion of personalized product recommendations and store layout details will help customers find the products they need more quickly and efficiently. Additionally, the system's user interface will provide an interactive shopping experience for customers, making the process more engaging and enjoyable. By automating the shopping cart, the system will also alleviate the workload of store personnel, freeing them up to focus on other important tasks. This could lead to a more efficient and cost-effective retail operation, which may translate into cost savings for both the retailer and the customer. Overall, the successful implementation of the project could significantly enhance the shopping experience for customers, potentially leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. The project could also have broader implications for the retail sector, as other retailers may seek to adopt similar technology to remain competitive.

The Network In a Box is only one of the cutting-edge features that the Sixth Generation (6G) mobile technology is anticipated to provide (NIB). The NIB is a multi-generational, readily installable technology that offers connection services to applications utilised in uncommon circumstances, like on the battlefield or during natural catastrophes. Security is becoming even more crucial in the 6G communication system, and the NIB is no exception. Many active and passive attacks on the applications used in the 6G-enabled NIB are possible as a result of the unsecured channel. Having a secure user authentication and key management system in place is therefore essential. In order to protect the 6G-enabled NIB (iUAKMS-NIB) that can be used in industrial applications, this article suggests an enhanced user authentication and management scheme. The suggested method offers the best security against potential assaults on the 6G communication system because it is a modified and upgraded version of UAKMS-NIB. The key benefit of the suggested plan is that it outperforms other schemes in terms of performance. The analytical outcomes demonstrate that the suggested system offers improved security and is capable of withstanding a variety of attacks. In conclusion, the enhanced User Authentication and Management System that has been proposed is a crucial security measure for the 6G-enabled NIB. It performs better than conventional techniques and guarantees safe user authentication and key management

The Importance of promoting Human Rights in the Recovery and Identification of Missing and Unidentified persons was presented at 9th International Dental Ethics and Law Society (IDEALS) congress in 2012 and was first introduced in May 2013 at the annual meeting of the Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) conference organized by Interpol in Lyon. Dr. Emilio Nuzzolese, participating odontologist of the Interpol Forensic Odontology working group, highlighted the need to apply the highest identification standards and Interpol guidelines to all unidentified human remains, equally in a DVI scenario as well as in a single missing and unidentified person. In 2015 these concepts also inspired the creation of an international group of odontologists from twelve Countries called ‘Forensic Odontology for Human Rights’. The group began promoting the need to protect the human rights of the dead to have a name and an identity by participating in conferences and meetings, and through publications and training at most international forensic events. The mentoring of colleagues with the goal of promoting an authentic involvement of forensic odontology in the identification process was also instigated. The continuous growth of the group, along with the need to involve forensic experts from other disciplines, led to the constitution of the Association Forensic Odontology for Human Rights (AFOHR) and the inauguration of humanitarian forensic odontology. Having become a recognized voluntary organization in the context of humanitarian forensics, in 2019 AFOHR board members discussed the steps needed to achieve the rights of having a date of birth and an identity for every deceased individual. Eight forensic odontology sustainable goals were approved: human rights of the dead; human identification action; international partnership; human forensic odontology; strong forensic odontology; human identification kit; quality age determination; dental evidence in crimes against vulnerable persons. Under the auspices of AFOHR that aim is to inspire colleagues and forensic associations to the best administration of Justice for best practices in human identification and age estimation.

Pembuatan ransum ternak unggas tradisional menggunakan kalambuai merupakan salah satu kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pemanfaatan kalambuai (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai sumber protein dalam pembuatan ransum tradisional dalam mempercepat tumbuh kembang itik peking (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dalam ransum kalambuai dan pengaruhnya terhadap tumbuh kembang itik peking ransum buatan sendiri mampu mencapai lebih baik dari pakan dari pabrik. Jenis/Model penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi dan eksperimen langsung. Semua data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalis dengan analisis variansi berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh perlakuan terhadap pengubah yang diamati. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan berupa (1) Kandungan protein dari pakan berbahan baku kalambuai adalah sekitar 18,2 dan 17,5, (2) Itik yang paling baik pertumbuhannya adalah itik yang diberikan pakan kalambuai, kemudian br-1 comfeed, dan yang paling buruk adalah dedak saja, (3) Dari segi pertumbuhan berat badan dan ekonomi pakan kalambuai lebih baik daripada pakan br-1 comfeed

Laportea aestuans L. (Chew), Commelina virginica (L.) and Sida rhombifolia (L.) are common wild plants used in treating several ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, hernia, oedema, ulcers and many more in traditional African medicine especially, Nigeria. The potentials of Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers in delimiting intra-specific variation in L. aestuans, C. virginica and S. rhombifolia was assessed using three RAPD primers. Plant and soil samples were collected from 19 local government areas in Lagos State and assessed for genetic and biochemical relationships. A total of 56 bands were produced of which 44 were polymorphic. Maximum number of bands (21) was produced by OPY20 while OPC04 produced minimum number of bands (14). The maximum and minimum percentage polymorphisms were 100% (OPC04) and 50% (OPA12), The dendrogram of genetic diversity had a genetic distance range of 0.57 to 1.00, 0.58 to 1.00 and 0.52 to 1.00 and clustered at 0.57, 0.58, 0.52 implying 57%, 58%, 52% similarity and 43%, 42% and 48% variability for L. aestuans, C. virginica and S. rhombifolia respectively. Results of phytochemical analysis show that S. rhombifolia is particularly high in steroids (I134.19±0.23), flavonoids (118.65±0.18), phenolics (125.25±1.43), alkaloids (63.56±0.11) and triterpenes (72.44±0.12) but low in saponins (23.29±0.05), glycosides (6.79±0.01) and tannins (7.10±0.02).

Exact incidence of extensor pollicis longus (EPL) ruptures following distal radius fracture is not known. Peculiarly it’s common in nondisplaced fracture of the distal radius with an incidence of EPL rupture of 0.2-5%. Cortical irregularities from distal radius fractures or osteophytes easily abrade the tendon, causing gradual attrition and ultimately rupture. Compromised blood supply is also related to EPL rupture which is supported by microcirculatory anatomic studies. We present a case of 49 year old female who presented with spontaneous rupture of the EPL following a nondisplaced fracture of the distal radius managed by extensor indicis proprius (EIP) transfer. EIP transfer gives promising outcome. Optimum tension of the tendon is crucial for good functional outcome. We recommend suturing the tendon with thumb in extension and wrist in neutral position for optimum tension of tendon to avoid extensor lag and to prevent loss of IP flexion.

Background: Physiotherapy students are exposed to different kinds of stress while pursuing their course and this stress affects their sleep quality. The author in this study investigated the relationship between stress and sleep quality among undergraduate physiotherapy students across India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 undergraduate physiotherapy students studying in different physiotherapy colleges across India, using convenience sampling method. Data was collected with help of an Online Google form™. In order to assess the relationship between stress and sleep quality among students, student stress inventory (SSI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) outcome measures were used. Results: A high prevalence of stress (99.9%) and poor sleep quality (76.7%) were found among students. To analysis the relationship between stress and sleep, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used, value of correlation coefficient was 0.613 shows a moderate positive relationship between variables and p value was 0.000 (

Kampung Sanan Malang has long been known as a center for making tempeh. It has been a long time since the Sanan Malang Tempe and Tempe Chips Production Center Association was established, which has 636 tempe producers as members. Some of its members have been able to process tempeh into various types of preparations. The innovation made in 2021 is named Character Tempe, namely tempeh in the form of animal characters, or fruits. During the trial period, character tempeh was produced using plastic cake molds. The problem faced is that members of this community want to be able to produce this tempeh with a larger production volume, and a more varied product. The reason is that no craftsmen have been able to make their own character models that are more varied as desired. Craftsmen also have not been able to make their own molds. The solution offered is training: making character models using plasticine, training on printing these models using RTV food grade. At the end of this activity, the craftsmen have the ability to produce processed tempeh characters quickly and with good quality so that they become a new Sanan Malang specialty product.

Penempatan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) mengalami tren menurun sepanjang tahun 2014-2019. Tingkat kesejahteraan mereka mengalami penurunan dibandingkan ketika masih bekerja di luar negeri. Para eks-buruh migran menghadapi permasalahan yang kompleks setelah menyelesaikan kontrak kerja dan kembali ke tanah air. Transformasi perilaku konsumtif ke produktif dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital merupakan kata kunci bagi tim pengabdian untuk mengadakan kegiatan pelatihan wirausaha bagi para Eks PMI. Teknologi digital saat ini telah menjadi bagian integral bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat, terutama para Eks PMI. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan berdasar kurikulum yang telah disusun dengan materi disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat sasaran. Metode pelatihan dengan kegiatan luring selama 4 hari dengan jumlah pertemuan sebanyak 32 JP. Hasil yang didapatkan dari pelatihan bahwa Pelaksanaan Pelatihan dan Praktik Digitalisasi Proses Bisnis Kelompok Usaha Eks Pekerja Migran Indonesia dengan Tema Pemasaran Digital bagi komunitas pelaku usaha eks pekerja migran Indonesia yang telah dilaksanakan dengan susunan kurikulum pertemuan mampu memberikan wawasan dan pemahaman baru bagi para peserta untuk mampu bersaing secara global di sektor usaha masing-masing. Hal tersebut dijelaskan bahwa 68% peserta menilai bahwa materi relevan dengan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta juga secara kemanfaatan pelatihan dapat dinilai memiliki tingkat keberlanjutan yang layak untuk terus dilaksanakan.

Pernikahan di bawah tangan sering menjadi permasalahan terutama tentang status anak yang lahir dari perkawinan/nikah siri. Kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan perkawinan tidak dicatat sudah tentu akan menimbulkan akibat hukum. Akibat hukum tersebut khususnya bagi istri dan status anak yang dilahirkan selama dalam kurun waktu perkawinan berlangsung. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua rumusan masalah, yaitu bagaimana tinjauan yuridis terhadap hak waris anak hasil perkawinan di bawah tangan dan bagaimana upaya pembuktian status anak dan kedudukan hak waris anak dari perkawinan di bawah tangan melalui prosedur tes Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah penelitian hukum normatif, karena penelitian ini hanya ditujukan pada peraturan-peraturan tertulis sehingga penelitian ini sangat erat hubunganya pada perpustakaan karena membutuhkan data-data yang bersifat sekunder perpustakaan. Dalam penelitian ini ada beberapa sifat penelitian, yakni penelitian eksploratoris, penelitian deskriftif, dan penelitian eksplanatoris. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi dokumen terhadap data sekunder yang diperoleh dari buku-buku, pendapat para ahli maupun kasus hukum yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian mengenai tinjauan yuridis terhadap hak waris anak hasil perkawinan di bawah tangan yaitu dengan dikeluarnya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 46/PUUVIII/2010 tentang kedudukan anak luar nikah, Sementara upaya pembuktian agar mendapatkan status hukum dapat ditempuh sesuai ketentuan Pasal 55 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 yang menyatakan : “ bila akta kelahiran tersebut dalam ayat (1) pasal ini tidak ada, maka pengadilan dapat mengeluarkan penetapan tentang asal usul seorang anak setelah diadakan pemeriksaan yang teliti berdasarkan bukti-bukti yang memenuhi syarat.” Bukti- bukti dalam hal ini harus dikembalikan kepada asas umum pembuktian sesuai Pasal 284 Rbg dan 164 HIR untuk membuktikan adanya perkawinan yang sah ditambah bukti lain berupa bukti hasil pemeriksaan tes DNA untuk membuktikan bahwa anak tersebut benar- benar dilahirkan dari pasangan suami istri tersebut

An optimized, simple, accurate method is developed to quantify Tizanidine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation using the RP – HPLC method using a silica ODS C18 column with the aid of MeOH: H2O:0.01M orthophosphoric acid ( 95:4:1 v/v/v) as a mobile phase and deduced at 320nm. The RT value was found to be 2.274 with a resolution of 1.167 respectively. The spiking studies of Tizanidine in human plasma were also carried out. The linearity studies of TZA (10 -50 mcg/mL) were found to be R2 =0.99979 (API) and R2 = 0.8155 respectively. The suggested study was validated as per the criteria of the ICH guidelines. The proposed study could be easily adopted in the pharmaceutical industry for performing quantitative analyses

The agricultural industry has benefited from increased automation, especially in the field of automation. In the past, people cut their own lawn by hand with grass cutters. Because the use of petroleum and diesel engines causes pollutants and degradation of energy. Therefore, automated cutters should be used in place of the conventional ones, with batteries acting as the system's power source and allowing it to operate as directed. This research suggests a smart solar agriculture grass cutting robot that is IoT based. A Bluetooth module, Arduino Uno microcontroller, Node MCU, battery, solar panel, and other components are used to do this. Rechargeable batteries can be charged using a power source or a solar panel. The DC motor's rotational speed and direction are controlled by the motor driver, and Node MCU monitors the DC motor as the system's brain. The Bluetooth module keeps track of the grass cutter robot's movements. This paper is entirely powered by automation and clean energy sources.

Animal welfare is very important to pay attention to in the slaughtering process in abattoirs to ensure the quality of the meat produced. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the implementers of the activities on aspects of animal welfare and the application of animal welfare aspects at the Binjai City Slaughterhouse. This research was conducted at the Binjai City Slaughterhouse, Jalan Letan Umar Baki, Clove Turi, North Binjai District, Binjai City, from October to November 2021. This study used a survey method: interviews and direct observation with the implementers of activities at the Slaughterhouse. Binjai City Animals consists of 3 cattle traders, 15 animal controllers, and one slaughterer using a questionnaire and a checklist. This study uses an assessment based on a Likert scale. Based on the results of the study, the level of knowledge regarding aspects of animal welfare from the implementers of activities at the Binjai City Slaughterhouse was in the sound and excellent categories. In the application of animal welfare aspects at the Binjai City Slaughterhouse to the facilities it has, it is categorized as very good (100%) in slaughter facilities and good category (80%) in animal shelter facilities.

Vegetable, fruit, and food processing industrial waste has a low nutritional content. The quality of the nutritional content is improved by processing it through fermentation. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern. There were two factors (3 x 3), namely Factor I various maggot growing media (D1 = mustard greens, cabbage, and cauliflower leaves, D2 = banana, pineapple, and papaya, D3 = coconut dregs, tofu dregs, and cassava waste ) and Factor II fermentation time (L1 = 2 days, L2 = 4 days and L3 = 6 days), with three replications. The parameters of this study consisted of the nutritional content of maggot in the form of water content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash. The results showed that various maggot-growing media had a significant effect (P0.05) was found on moisture content, dry matter, crude fiber, and crude fat. The duration of fermentation of maggot growing media had a significant effect (P0.05) on moisture content, dry matter, ash content, and crude fiber. There was an interaction between various types of waste and the duration of fermentation of the media on the protein content of maggot. Still, there was no interaction with the water content, dry matter, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash.

The covid 19 pandemic has negatively impacted various sectors, including livestock product trading. This study aims to find out how much income impact due to covid 19 pandemic on broiler meat traders at the Traditional Market, Sidikalang District, and understand the marketing strategies carried out by traders during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted at the Traditional Market, Sidikalang District, in September 2021. The sample determination used a saturated sample technique ( total sampling ), where all population members were used as samples because the population used was relatively small. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the income of traders before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and describing the data generated from the impact felt during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed decreasing butchers' gain after the emergence of the Covid-19 outbreak. The highest revenue from the middle business group reached IDR 5,025,000 or around 31.1%, and the lowest income difference in the small business group got IDR 2,480,000 or about 24.8% after the Covid-19 pandemic. The provision of policies during the Covid-19 pandemic by limiting operational time and market capacity by complying with health protocol recommendations and assisting in the form of money and necessities to traders are some of the government's roles during the Covid-19 pandemic for broiler chicken traders. The strategy carried out by traders to increase sales during the Covid-19 pandemic is to continue to supply excellent and fresh broiler chicken, give discounted prices, offer a delivery system, as well as promote merchandise through social media.

The slaughterhouse is responsible for the Occupational Safety and Health of the workers and other people related to the activities. The purpose of the study was to examine the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety program at abattoir in DKI Jakarta. This study uses the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method as a guideline for identifying potential hazards and health problems in slaughterhouses. The results of the hazard severity assessment (Severity) based on risk analysis and risk evaluation show that the percentage of the impact of very light risk is 7%, light risk is 34% the impact of currently risk is 34%, the impact of heavy risk is 21% and the impact of fatal risk is 3%. The probability of an accident (likelihood) in the three abattoirs shows that abattoir C is less likely to have an accident with a percentage of 53%. The smaller of production capacity of an abattoir, the less likely an accident will occur. Risk control can be carried out by elimination, substitution, technicalcontrol, administrative control, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Earthworms are nocturnal animals and have negative phototaxis, therefore the presence and color of light are thought to affect the performance of this Lumbricus rubellus earthworm. This study aims to analyze the effect of different color lights on Lumbricus rubellus performance. This study used acompletely randomized design (RAL), six color treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple, and dark as a control) and three replications with variables observed were weight gain, media weight, number of segments to the clitellum, and the number of cocoons. The results showed that the six types of color had different effects on the performance of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. The red color lights had a better effect on the weight of the earthworm, the number of cocoons and the number of segments compared to other colors, while the yellow color had a lower effect.

Maggot is an alternative to fish meal because it has a fairly high protein content, is easy to cultivate and is able to decompose organic waste into its own food. The better the quality of the maggot growing media, the higher the maggot production will be . Vegetable, fruit and food processing industrial waste is an organic waste that is commonly encountered but its nutritional quality is low. To improve the nutritional quality, fermentation was carried out using local microorganisms (MOL). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various types of vegetable, fruit and food processing industrial waste media and different fermentation times on the production of maggot (Hermetia illucens). This study was conducted experimentally using factorial randomized block design (RAK) method with 2 factors ( 3×3), namely factor 1 for various organic wastes (D1 = vegetable waste, D2 = fruit waste, D3 = food processing industrial waste) and factor 2 for fermentation time (L1 = 2 days, L2 = 4 days, L3 = 6 days), with 3 replicates. The parameters of this study consisted of biomass weight, feed consumption, waste reduction index/WRI, feed conversion efficiency/ECI, and survival rate/SR. The results of variance showed that organic waste and fermentation time had a very significant effect (p

Buffalo is one type of ruminant livestock that has quite a lot of potential. The animal market is a place for transacting buying and selling animals, which includes cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep. Animal markets usually operate only a few days a week. The Animal Market in Suka Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency is an animal market that operates every Tuesday from 09.00 - 17.00 WIB. Livestock sold in this animal market are cows and buffalo. Producers and consumers conduct transactions directly. This animal market is one of the potential areas of Karo Regency in the field of animal husbandry and is very suitable for developing buffalo marketing. This study aims to identify the characteristics of buffalo marketing institutions, market behavior, pricing processes, marketing channels, the role of the government in the animal market, analysis of margins marketing farmer share, and to analyze the marketing efficiency of buffalo in the animal market of Suka Village, Karo Regency. This research was conducted in October 2019-November 2019. The method used in data collection was descriptive analysis based on surveys and observations made, while the sample of farmers and other marketing institutions was snowball sampling. Data was collected by using interview techniques using questionnaires. The results of this study are that the marketing institutions involved include breeders and traders who are all male, whose age is above productive < 51. There are two marketing channels, namely the first channel: farmers - consumers and the second channel: breeders - collectors - consumers. Marketing functions carried out by marketing institutions are exchange, physical and facility functions. Market behavior is that there is no dishonesty in pricing, marketing costs are not uniform and there is no government intervention. The market performance is that there is no technological progress, there is no improvement in product quality and service maximization. Data analysis includes marketing costs, marketing margins, farmer share of costs from each marketing channel. The results of this study indicate that there are two marketing channels. Margin is obtained by a marketing channel that has one marketing agency, thus this marketing channel has the farmer's share . So it can be concluded that the first marketing channel is the most efficient channel because it has the smallest cost and big profit.

Dadih is the result of fermented milk made in bamboo and covered with banana leaves on top, then allowed to stand for approximately 24-48 hours. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) in the manufacture of dadih on the nutritional content (water content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrates and pH).This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments 5 replications. The treatments were dose of lime juice, namely P0 = 0% Control only buffalo milk without lime, P1 = 1% lime juice, P2 = 3% lime juice, P3= 5% lime juice. Based on the research results, it is known that the addition of 5% (10 ml) for every 200 ml of milk is the optimal treatment for water content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrates and pH.

The development of information technology brings a change in society. The presence of gadgets, especially in the form of smartphones, has contributed a lot in everyday life, as a medium for seeking information, interacting, getting entertainment, and even doing business activities are also included in it. This journal aims to find out how the influence of gadgets on adolescent behavior in the Al-Hidayah dorm environment. This research is based on changes in adolescent behavior due to excessive use of gadgets. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data was obtained through observing several residents of the Al-Hidayah dorm who used gadgets excessively. Data analysis was carried out from the beginning of this assignment until the assignment was collected.

Majority of patients visiting Ayurvedic hospitals are having ailments related to joints especially low back pain and knee joint pain. Low back ache may be due to many reasons ranges from muscular pain to complicated neurological complaints or malignancy. Disc herniation is also a major reason for low back ache in which radiculopathy might be a typical feature. In all systems of medicine many treatments exist to manage low back ache and sciatica. In Ayurveda also different treatment modalities are present ranging from simple internal medications to complex therapies like Basti (therapeutic enema), to effectively tackle such conditions. The Ayurvedic formulation, Rasna guggulu is mentioned in the treatment of Gridrasi (sciatica). To standardize any formulation its properties should be studied repeatedly in detail. Even though this formulation is comparatively a simpler one consisting of only 3 ingredients, its properties and identifying features are not widely studied. In this study pharmacognostical, organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of Rasna guggulu were reported. Pharmacognostical study of this drug reveals the presence of epidermal cells, starch grain, lignified stone cells, prismatic crystals, simple fiber, simple trichome, warty trichome, annular vessels and spiral vessels of Rasna along with oil globules of clarified butter. HPTLC shows 8 and 7 spots at 254nm and 366nm respectively which suggests the presence of 7 – 8 active principles in this drug. This study also can be considered to standardize the formulation, Rasna guggulu.

In this paper, we study the properties of positive solutions of the thirdorder neutral differential equations with advanced argument of the form (p(t)(q(t)(z′(t))α)′)′ + f(t)xα(τ (t)) = 0, where z(t) = x(t) + g(t)(x(σ(t))). First we obtain conditions for the existence of Kneser type solutions and then provide lower and upper estimate that yield the rate of convergence to zero of such solutions. An example is provided to illustrate the importance of the main results.

The preparation of microcellulose from sugarcane pulp enzymatically and its modification with silver nanoparticles had been conducted in this study. The objectives of this research were to prepare and characterize microfiber cellulose, and also its application as an antimicrobial material. Micro cellulose has been prepared by enzymatic methods and then continued with ultrasonication. The characterization of microfiber cellulose has been conducted by determining wavelengths with UV-Vis, functional groups with FTIR, surface image with SEM, and crystallinity with XRD. Synthesis of AgNPs had been conducted by bioreduction method using red betel leaf extracts via ultrasonication and stabilized by 0.05% starch solution. Characterization of silver nanoparticles had been conducted by determination of wavelength with UV-Vis and particle size with PSA. The antimicrobial tests of microcellulose have been determined by measuring of clear zones in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The characterization of microcellulose showed that wavelengths of micro cellulose at 300 nm, has C-O glycosidic bonds, the C=O, and lignin/hemicellulose. However, C=C lignin aromatic rings begin to disappear. Microcellulose size was 1 μm and crystallinity was 79.05%. The wavelengths in silver nanoparticles were shown at 424 nm. The diameter of silver nanoparticles was 88.6 nm. Micro cellulose with nanoparticle modification was the best in microbial inhibition

New oscillation criteria for a class of third-order neutral differential equations with distributed deviating arguments are established. Examples illustrating the results are provided and some suggestions for further research are indicated.

Smart cities essentially require the state-of-the-art technologies that can provide smart service in various aspects, and robotic systems are one of the key solutions for such requirements. Time is a critical issue when dealing with people who experience a sudden cardiac arrest that unfortunately could Die due to inaccessibility of the emergency treatment. Therefore, an immediate treatment using automated external defibrillator (AED) must be administered to the victim within a few minutes after collapsing. Hence, we have designed and developed the ambulance robot, which brings along an AED in a sudden event of cardiac arrest and facilitates various modes of operation from manual to autonomous functioning to save someone’s lives in smart cities. The details of the design and development of such robot are presented in this paper.

Traumatic neuroma (TN), represents a reactive proliferation of neural tissue following damage to an adjacent nerve. Clinically, patients usually present with inimitable pain, oral lesions appearing as nodule of size less than 2 cm with normal or greyish white smooth surface mostly involving the mental foramen, tongue or the lower lip. We report a rare case of an upper lip traumatic neuroma, in an uncommon age group and uncommon location, which was clinically thought to be hemangioma. Histopathologically, excision biopsy specimen showed haphazard proliferation of fascicles of nerve fibres. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong cytoplasmic positivity for S100 and was negative for SMA and CD34, affirming the neural origin of the lesion. TN could be considered as a differential in cases of soft tissue swelling from uncommon location in the oral region especially in the pediatric age group, where a clear trauma history cannot always be illustrated.

This article meticulously discuss on the theme of flipped classroom in learning chemistry at the secondary level by adopting an experimental design with a sample of 40 students. Exclusively this study has used pre test-post test control group design. The main objective of this study is to test the flipped classroom method, specialized for learning chemistry at the secondary level .Also this study has proved that there is a significant relationship exists among those hypotheses tested. Hence this piece of research throws light on the impact of flipped classroom in learning chemistry at the secondary level. KEY WORDS: Flipped Classroom Method, Secondary School, Achievement in Chemistry.

Preventing the leak of sensitive information, also popularly known as data leak or data loss to an unauthorized recipient, is the primary goal of an organization's information security system. A data leak can occur through multiple channels. While it may not always be possible to prevent it entirely, measures can be taken to minimize the possibility of the occurrence. Like all other financial institutions, TI companies collect sensitive personal information of their customers for business purposes. This information is often categorized into three primary types; NPI, PII, and PI are the designated types in the descending order of sensitivity. The detection of sensitive documents and redaction of sensitive information is required if it is needed to be shared. Inspection of such digital documents to find any sensitive information is by far a human-driven process, and thus time-consuming and costly. An and costly. An intelligent and robust system is required where the content is analysed by state-of-the-art data mining, statistical and machine learning techniques from various data dimensions. An AI based self-learning Intelligent Information Leak Protection System using LSTM is proposed in the project that mines and extracts information and categorizes the document images, to SD or NSD, based on the presence of NPI and PII semantic signatures without any explicit rule configuration. The system is designed to be used proactively as an early warning system to tag the SD images while resting in the data store. It can also act as a real-time checkpoint for the information loss by the documents in transit or use. The proposed model prescribes an information loss protection mechanism using a binary classifier based on the state-of-the-art LSTM technique within the paradigm of Artificial Intelligence.

In this paper an attempt is made to do an in-depth study about the factors influencing automation and robotics in construction industry and what best strategy can be developed to overcome it So, in this research work the progress is going to be Identify the factors influencing automation and robotics in construction industry by literature review study so the different type of factors has been identified for automation and robotics & identify reason for the effective usage of automation and robotics in construction field and conceptual framework will be developed. The conceptual framework can be developed after analysing the survey responses. Automation and robotics technology is expected to improve the productivity of the construction industry as well as to solve problems such as labour shortage and safety risks.

In this paper we would be discussing about online shaming and analyse different type of shaming and how to deal with it. The task of public shaming detection in social media is automated from the perspective of victims. It explores primarily about two aspects, namely, events and shamers. Based on classification of shaming tweets, a web application has been designed and deployed especially for one type of shaming tweet that of sarcasm, and the website also provide information about shamer who has used abusive comments under the user profile more than three time and sent alert message to user about the informing about the shamer

Dalam proses belajar-mengajar di sekolah, sering dijumpai beberapa masalah, di antaranya yaitu terlalu menekankan pada pengujian melalui tes, sehingga siswa hanya terpaku untuk menghafal teks yang ada di buku tanpa bisa mengembangkan pengetahuannya. Kemudian ketidakmampuan siswa dalam memahami pelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru di sekolah. Hal itu dikarenakan guru dalam mengajar lebih memilih menerapkan metode dan cara mengajar yang cenderung monoton dan membosankan, sehingga menyebabkan siswa kurang termotivasi dan guru kurang mendapat perhatian dari siswa di kelas yang berujung pada dampak hasil belajar mata pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) semakin rendah dan tujuan pembelajaran di sekolah tidak tercapai. Oleh karena itu guru dituntut kreatif. Kreativitas guru berhubungan dengan merancang dan mempersiapkan bahan ajar/materi pelajaran, mengelola kelas, menggunakan metode yang variatif, memanfaatkan media pembelajaran, sampai dengan mengembangkan instrumen evaluasi, sehingga prestasi belajar siswa meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Kreativitas dan Motivasi Guru secara bersama-sama terhadap Prestasi Belajar siswa Madrasah Aliyah (MA) se-KKMA Kecamatan Cisaat Kabupaten Sukabumi. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai Fhitung = 14,866>Ftabel = 3,354, dan nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05. Yang berarti benar bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan variabel bebas Kreativitas dan Motivasi Guru secara bersama-sama terhadap variabel terikat Prestasi Belajar, yaitu sebesar 52,4%. In the teaching-learning process in schools, there are often a number of problems, including the emphasis on testing through tests, so that students are only fixated on memorizing text in their books without being able to develop their knowledge. Then the inability of students to understand the lessons given by the teacher at school. That is because teachers in teaching prefer to apply methods and methods of teaching that tend to be monotonous and boring, causing students to be less motivated and less attentive to students in the classroom which results in lower social studies learning outcomes and school learning objectives not achieved. Therefore teachers are required to be creative. Teacher's creativity is related to designing and preparing teaching materials / subject matter, managing classes, using varied methods, utilizing learning media, and developing evaluation instruments, so that student achievement increases. Based on the results of the study that there is a significant effect of Teacher Creativity and Teacher Motivation together on Student Achievement of MA in KKMA Cisaat District, Sukabumi Regency. This is evidenced by the value of Fcount = 14,866> Ftable = 3,354, and the value of sig 0,000

In this modern world, all the people were used ATM machines to withdrawal and transfer cash. This research based on implementing Fingerprint mechanism in the ATM System. We were selected this area to increase save and secure for all customers to make easy to do the transaction. The fingerprint minutiae features are different for each human being. There is no worry of losing ATM card and no need to carry ATM card with you always. By comparing different technologies that are used for ATM security, it observes that fingerprint technology performs better and safer than other technologies. Which is making easy and secure transaction also maintaining user-friendly environment with user and ATM machine. This is most promising technology at electronic money transaction.

Slaughterhouses has a very important role in the chain system for the availability of meat procurement. This research aims to analyze the level of knowledge of animal welfare and implementing it in Medan City Slaughter House. This research was conducted at the Medan City Slaughterhouse located on Jalan Rumah Potong Hewan, Mabar Hilir Village, Medan Deli Subdistrict, Medan City, North Sumatra in August 2021. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method.The results showed that the level of knowledge was already in the category of very good. The group of slaughterer respondents had the highest percentage of answer scores at 100% followed by animal controllers at 95.36% and cattle traders at 88.62%. The application of animal welfare aspects in the process of slaughtering cattle in Medan City Slaughterhouse is already in the category of very good with the percentage of conformity rate based on the regulations and provisions of Meat and Livestock Australia ranging from 80% to 100%.

Slaughterhouse produce alot of contaminated waste. This study aims to determine the process of waste management and test the content of wastewater in the Regional Slaughterhouse Company of Medan City. This research was conducted from August to September 2021. This research was a descriptive quantitative and laboratory tests were carried out. The population in this study were 30 employees or workers at the Medan City slaughterhouse and the entire population was sampled because the number was relatively small. The research indicators were the inlet, waste treatment tub, the water, the utilization of algae, and the outlet. Analysis of research data using a quantitative approach (descriptive statistics) and laboratory test to determine the content of BOD, COD, TSS, oil or fat, NH3-N, and the pH of wastewater. The results showed that the waste management process at the Medan City Slaughterhouse Regional Company was in the good category, which means that the waste management at the slaugterhouse was adequate because it had met the requirements for the slaughtering process at the slaugterhouse. However, in the process of cleaning and routine maintenance on the oxidation pond, the slaughterhouse is in the fairly good enough category. The quality status of the outlet wastewater (oxidation pond) is in the good category and has met the quality standards. Based on the results of Multiple Linear Regression analysis that waste management at the inlet (X1), waste treatment tub (X2), water (X3) and algae (X4) affects the outlet (Y) in the City Slaughterhouse Regional Company. Medan

Deli Serdang Regency is one of the largest sheep-producing areas in North Sumatra Province. Analysis of the potential for sheep development in the area needs to be done, to achieve various goals. This study aims to identify livestock resources, base or non-base areas and sheep capacity as well as to find the right strategy for the development of a sheep business in Deli Serdang Regency. The method used in this research is the stratified sampling method in all districts in Deli Serdang Regency and purposive sampling method in three districts, namely, Percut Sei Tuan, Hamparan Perak, and Galang as a method of determining the area. Interviews with 10 breeders from each sub-district were conducted to gather information related to sheep farming in the area. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis, location quation (LQ), animal density, analysis of feed concentration index , and capacity analysis for Livestock Population Increase (LPIC). The results showed that the livestock resources in Deli Serdang Regency have the potential to develop sheep farming businesses. There are 13 districts which are base areas with a capacity of livestock unit.

Business productivity at the farm level is still low when compared to commercial businesses both in terms of business management, quality and quantity of production.This study aims to analyze financial aspects of laying ducks on community farms. The research was conducted in Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency in November until October 2021. The samples were determined by stratified sampling, namely dividing three business scales based on the number of livestock ownership, i.e small-scale business (300-500 ducks), medium scale business (800 ducks) and the highest scale business(3.000-10.000 ducks) with the number of respondents per business scale of 3 breeders. Parameters were production cost, income. revenue, R/C, BEP, Net B/C, Gross B/C, NPV, IRR, and PP. The results of the study showed that the average income per period per business scale was Rp. 104.736.666, - Rp. 170.320.457, - and Rp. 1.606.308.080. R/C value> 1, the value of BEP production is smaller than the amount of egg production, BEP price is smaller than the selling price of eggs per egg, the value of Net B/C and Gross B/C> 1, the NPV value> 0 or positive, the IRR value with an interest rate of 16.75%, respectively, is 55%, 50% and 55% greater than the interest rate and PP, respectively 10,15,8 months.

Data security plays a major role in computer network. Because it helps to transmit data in secure way over the Internet. So we need to use strong security method for secure data transaction. Cryptography is a security tool which helps to transmit information from one place to another place over computer network. Cryptography follows encryption and decryption methods for data transmission. Cryptographic technique is completely based on key generation because it needs keys to transmit data between users. However cryptography works well in secure data transmission but it needs keys to provide security for data. In cryptography generation of keys taking more time than transmission of data. So in this paper we discuss about Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) which is also based on cryptographic technique. ZKP is also useful in secure data transmission without sharing key values between users. This paper tells about overview of ZKP and how it is useful in data transmission.

In this article, the modified Kratzer plus screened Coulomb potential is scrutinized taking into consideration the effects of magnetic and AB flux fields within the non-relativistic regime using the Nikiforov-Uvarov-Functional Analysis method (NUFA) method. The energy equation and wave function of the system are obtained in close form. We find that the totality of effects these fields result in removal of degeneracy and raising the bound state energy of the system. More so, it could be concluded that to control the energy spectra of this system, the AB-flux and magnetic field will do so greatly. The results from this study can be applied in condensed matter physics, atomic and molecular physics.

One of the dreadful parasitic infection that ravages the lives of the very young and old in Sub-Saharan Africa is Malaria. It is a serious public health problem. Although interventions to curtail and curb it prevalence at various tiers of government local, state and federal were enforced, however, such strategy is not well disposed of in the citadel of learning –university amongst the students This form the basis of the objective of the study and why it is conducted. Method: We examined the prevalence of malaria infection among students of the Federal university of Technology, Akure. Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 300 patients between April 2019 to September 2019. Aged between 15 -30 years that visited the Medical centre with complaints and symptoms ranging from headache, body pains, undulating high temperature, nausea and vomiting abdominal cramps etc. Antimalarial drugs were not administered until outcome of laboratory result is available within a short while. Result: A total number of three hundred (300) subjects were screened for malaria infection 183 (61%) were male while 117 (39%) were female. The number of individuals with malaria infection were 242 (80.6%) of the 300 subjects screened for malaria. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of students infected with malaria parasitaemia is 80.6% of the student populace screened in the university under the study which indicated a high rate of prevalence of malaria. lt is therefore exigent to execute strategic interventions through health education in form of seminars/ workshop for the students and ways of prevention and elimination of the vector – anopheles mosquito in the environment.

Drought is one of the most hazardous natural disasters in terms of the number of people directly affected. An important characteristic of drought is the prolonged absence of rainfall relative to the long-term average. The intrinsic persistence of drought conditions continuing from one month to the next can be utilized for drought monitoring and early warning systems. This study sought to better understand drought probabilities and baselines for two agriculturally important rainfall regions in the Western Cape, South Africa – one with a distinct rainfall season and one which receives year-round rainfall. The drought indices, Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), were assessed to obtain predictive information and establish a set of baseline probabilities for drought. Two sets of synthetic time-series data were used (one where seasonality was retained and one where seasonality was removed), along with observed data of monthly rainfall and minimum and maximum temperature. Based on the inherent persistence characteristics, autocorrelation was used to obtain a probability density function of the future state of the various SPI start and lead times. Optimal persistence was also established. The validity of the methodology was then examined by application to the recent Cape Town drought (2015–2018). Results showed potential for this methodology to be applied in drought early warning systems and decision support tools for the province.

This study was conducted to estimate the repeatability and phenotypic correlation of reproductive traits of zebrafish Danio rerio, in captive condition. Breeding trials were conducted on 10 breeding pairs (2 male:1 female). The data on fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival rate were recorded. The repeatability values were computed as a measure of consistency using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The repeatability estimates for fecundity, fertility, hatchability of total eggs, hatchability of fertilised eggs, survival rate of total eggs and survival rate of larvae were 0.701, 0.406, 0.336, 0.049, 0.295 and 0.314, respectively. Most of the reproductive traits analysed had moderate repeatability values barring the hatchability of fertilised eggs. The phenotypic correlation was calculated using the Pearson correlation method. The phenotypic correlations of fertility with hatchability of fertilised eggs; hatchability of total eggs; survival rate of total eggs and survival rate of larvae were highly significant (p≤0.01). This study provided valuable information on the consistency of reproductive parameters which would serve as model for conducting research in other fish species. Keywords: Genetic parameters, Phenotypic correlation, Repeatability, Reproductive traits, Zebrafish

Sixty days feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary soy-lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) as a source ofphospholipids on the growth performance of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) reared at hyperosmotic stress conditions(40‰) in indoor tanks. Four experimental diets viz., DL-1 (Control), DL-1.5, DL-2 and DL-2.5 were formulated by includingsoy-lecithin at the rate of 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%, respectively. The results revealed that the daily growth coefficient (DGC)significantly (p0.05) and cholesterol (p>0.05) were not affected. The inclusion levels of soy-lecithin had no significant influence on thefatty acid composition of P. monodon except for C16:0 and C18:2c, which were high (p2.5% in the diet of P. monodon. Keywords: Carcass composition, Hyperosmotic stress, Penaeus monodon, Phospholipids, Salinity, Soy-lecithin

Coral reefs are disappearing worldwide because of mass bleaching, natural disasters, diseases and anthropogenic stressors.This leaves a large area of unutilised substratum, to which other benthic organisms, like corallimorpharians (CMs),anemones and macroalgae, can move in. In this article, we describe, for the first time, the competition for space betweena CM and the hard corals in Kavaratti Atoll in the Indian Ocean. This is the first reported instance of an invasion of CM inthe entire Lakshadweep Islands. The CM Rhodactis bryoides Haddon and Shackleton, 1893, is identified by morphologicaland molecular analysis. The species has not so far been reported from the western Indian Ocean area. We monitored the rateof invasion for six months to figure out the growth rate of CMs. This area did not have any prominent causative factors forCM outbreaks, such as external disturbances and nutrient enrichment. Yet our study showed that CMs are successful in thecompetition for space. More research needs to be done into the biology of this species, how it interacts with other benthicgroups and how the environment facilitates its spread. Keywords: Bioinvasion, Coral reefs, Corallimorpharia, Phase shift, Rhodactis bryoides

North Bandung Cattle Ranching Cooperative (KPSBU) Lembang is a single primary business cooperative that acts as a distributor of fresh milk produced by cows owned by its member breeders. The distribution of fresh milk from farmers to cooperatives is a movement of material flow from suppliers to factories known as inbound logistics. This study was aimed to analyze the inbound logistics performance of fresh milk at KPSBU Lembang, its value added for the farmer, as well as the nutritional and microbiological quality. SCOR-AHP was used to analyse inbound logistics performance. The Hayami method was used to analyse value added of fresh milk for the farmer. Fresh milk quality indicators were total solid, protein, fat, pH, specific gravity and total plate count. Obtained data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that fresh milk inbound logistics performance at KPSBU Lembang was 92.77% (above average). The added value obtained by breeders based on concentrate input amounted to Rp. 8.464 per cow with a value-added ratio of 73.83%. The quality of fresh milk during inbound logistics fulfilled national standard SNI 3141.1.2011.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on three formulas of an herbal drink containing green “gamboeng” tea fortified with bay leaf and cinnamon bark at various concentrations. One gram of mixed formula was brewed in hot water at 700 C-90 0C for 10–15 minutes, and the yield of each plant was determined. We also determined the phenolic content and lipase inhibition activity of each formula. We obtained a yield of each plant with green “gamboeng” tea (66.2 %), bay leaves (10.7 %), and cinnamon bark (44.8 %). Green “gamboeng” tea has the highest percentage of phenolic compound 30.25 ± 1.201 %. Inhibition lipase activity was calculated using an Elisa reader at  =405 nm. We have three formulas with the highest lipase inhibition activity. For the three formulas, a mixture of green “gamboeng” tea, bay leaf, and cinnamon bark was F-3.2 (80.598%), F-4.1(74.306), and F-5.2 (80.299%). We also conducted acute toxicity for the formulas above using rats as an animal model. We observed the body weight, organ weight, motoric, and mortality of rats during 14 days of observation, after using the formula with the concentration of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 g/kg body weight. We also used a control group of rats in this experiment. The results of acute toxicity showed no mortality of rats from the lowest to the highest doses. We concluded that LD50 of the three formulas was > 15 g/kg body weight. Between the treated groups and the control groups for organ weight and motoric activity showed no significant difference. Our conclusion is that this herbal formula drink has an activity for lipase inhibition, and is also safe for consumption by humans that suffer from obesity.

The process of separating tea leaves caffeine, as well as the enzymes inactivating the polyphenol oxidase and hydro peroxidase were carried out through a dipping process. This study aimed to de-caffeine green tea extracts and focus on maximizing the catechin content and minimizing the caffeine and phenolic contents during the dipping stage. The result showed that the provided variable was 75.25 C, 0.072 leave-to-water ratio, and 9.13 min of dipping time. The response of total phenolic, catechin and caffeine contents are 406.02 mg/g, 27.05 mg/ml, and 0.028 mg/ml, respectively. The highest catechin indicated the minimum polyphenol oxidase performed.

Melanocytic tumors are a type of cancer that is most commonly found on the skin. The melanoma prevalence rate has risen dramatically over the last 50 years. As a result, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is critical. The BRAF kinase is one of the receptors involved in cell apoptosis. Dabrafenib is a selective BRAF inhibitor with common side effects such as rash, photosensitivity, and hyperkeratosis. Meanwhile, Acalypha indica is a plant that has been widely reported as a source of antiproliferative and proapoptotic compounds. However, the phytochemicals in A. indica that play an important role in melanocytic tumors have yet to be discovered. Molecular docking is a structure-based drug design method that is used to identify potential hits during the drug discovery process. The aims of this study are to obtain candidate lead compounds for BRAF kinase based on binding mode interaction and binding stability by using AutoDock 4.2 and GROMACS 2019.6, respectively, for molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). The native ligand, SM5, has estimated free energy of binding and an inhibitory constant of -5.93 kcal/mol and 45.30 µM, respectively. 2-Methyl anthraquinone, chrysin, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol have higher binding energy, with an estimated free energy of binding of -6.24, -6.67, -6.35, and -6.14 kcal/mol, respectively. According to the MD simulation, stigmasterol and γ-sitosterol will be more effective at stabilizing the 6XFP complex during 100 ns. Finally, stigmasterol and γ-sitosterol are potential lead compounds as BRAF inhibitors.