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Background: The influence of medical and dental factors on jaw clicking within the South Australian population remains unexplored, and there is a lack of research on the impact of occlusal therapy on dynamic jaw movement parameters in this population. Purpose: This study investigated the potential significant associations between specific aspects of patient histories, occlusal therapy, and self-reported or observed jaw clicking in a population from the state of South Australia. Methods: Seventy individuals aged 18 to 65 participated in a cross-sectional study. Data collection included comprehensive medical, social, and dental histories, followed by evaluations of jaw function. Twenty-six out of the seventy individuals reported jaw clicking. Electrognathography assessed maximum mouth opening, surface electromyography evaluated masticatory muscle function, and joint vibration analysis measured individual joint vibration amplitudes and integrals. Logistic regression models analysed overall variable effects, while sub-models focused on predictors related to occlusal therapy, specifically orthodontic intervention. Independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests compared jaw functions between participants who received occlusal therapy and those who did not. Results: The number of third molars extracted, vitamin D deficiency, and self-reported mental health disorders (R2 = 0.414, p = 0.048) emerged as significant predictors for jaw clicking. Factors associated with occlusal therapy showed no significant association with jaw clicking (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.027). Furthermore, there were no significant differences observed in mouth opening (t-stat = −0.439, p = 0.662), muscle activity, and joint vibration analysis between participants who underwent occlusal therapy and those who did not. Conclusions: Within the selected study population and limited sample size, the number of third molars extracted, vitamin D deficiency, and self-reported mental health disorders were associated with jaw clicking.

Background: The influence of medical and dental factors on jaw clicking within the South Australian population remains unexplored, and there is a lack of research on the impact of occlusal therapy on dynamic jaw movement parameters in this population. Purpose: This study investigated the potential significant associations between specific aspects of patient histories, occlusal therapy, and self-reported or observed jaw clicking in a population from the state of South Australia. Methods: Seventy individuals aged 18 to 65 participated in a cross-sectional study. Data collection included comprehensive medical, social, and dental histories, followed by evaluations of jaw function. Twenty-six out of the seventy individuals reported jaw clicking. Electrognathography assessed maximum mouth opening, surface electromyography evaluated masticatory muscle function, and joint vibration analysis measured individual joint vibration amplitudes and integrals. Logistic regression models analysed overall variable effects, while sub-models focused on predictors related to occlusal therapy, specifically orthodontic intervention. Independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests compared jaw functions between participants who received occlusal therapy and those who did not. Results: The number of third molars extracted, vitamin D deficiency, and self-reported mental health disorders (R2 = 0.414, p = 0.048) emerged as significant predictors for jaw clicking. Factors associated with occlusal therapy showed no significant association with jaw clicking (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.027). Furthermore, there were no significant differences observed in mouth opening (t-stat = −0.439, p = 0.662), muscle activity, and joint vibration analysis between participants who underwent occlusal therapy and those who did not. Conclusions: Within the selected study population and limited sample size, the number of third molars extracted, vitamin D deficiency, and self-reported mental health disorders were associated with jaw clicking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) could be present as otologic symptoms like earache and dizziness in some patients. In most cases, these symptoms are not recognized because otolaryngologists fail to diagnose TMD as a source of the problem. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of TMD treatments on the otologic symptoms which after taking history and clinical examinations seemed to be related to TMD. In the present study, the patients who were complaining of otalgia, ear fullness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and dizziness were evaluated by an ear fellow. Forty patients who had no known otologic or other primary causes to explain their symptoms, were referred to the orofacial pain clinic with the possible diagnosis of TMD. If the diagnosis was confirmed by an orofacial pain specialist, a combination of TMD treatments was administered to each case and the patients were followed up. The results showed that following implementation of treatment protocols for TMD, more than 50% of the patients reported complete or partial recovery in the second follow-up (p < 0.05). The most common otologic symptom of the referred cases was earache, and the most common associated complaint was neck pain. All the patients had one or more parafunctional habits. This study showed that TMD treatments were significantly efficient in improving otologic symptoms partially or completely and the authors concluded that for the patients with otolaryngologic unexplained symptoms, an overhaul examination is needed to assess TMD as a possible cause of the patient complaint. It is recommended that in cases with unexplained otologic symptoms, otolaryngologists care more about the neck trigger points (TP) and ask about the patient's parafunctional habits. Otolaryngologists and dentists need to be aware of the risk of developing otologic symptoms caused by these habits or cervical TPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are characterized by their multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. A 3-year prospective study was conducted in a Portuguese TMDs department to study the prevalence of different TMDs signs and symptoms and their association with risk factors and comorbidities. Five hundred ninety-five patients were included using an online database: EUROTMJ. Most patients were female (80.50%), with a mean age of 38.20 ± 15.73 years. The main complaints were: (1) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking (13.26%); (2) TMJ pain (12.49%); (3) masticatory muscle tension (12.15%). The main clinical findings were myalgia (74%), TMJ clicking (60–62%), and TMJ arthralgia (31–36%). Risk factors such as clenching (60%) and bruxism (30%) were positively associated with TMJ pain and myalgia. Orthodontic treatment (20%) and wisdom tooth removal (19%) were positively associated with TMJ clicking, while jaw trauma (6%), tracheal intubation (4%) and orthognathic surgery (1%) were positively associated with TMJ crepitus, limited mandibular range of motion, and TMJ pain, respectively. In total, 42.88% of TMDs patients had other associated chronic diseases, most of them were mental behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders (33.76%), namely, anxiety (20%) and depression (13%). The authors also observed a positive association of mental disorders with the degree of TMJ pain and myalgia. The online database seems to be a relevant scientific instrument for healthcare providers who treat TMDs. The authors expect that the EUROTMJ database can serve as a milestone for other TMDs departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to identify the prevalence of parafunctional habits and common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in young individuals reporting to the Watim Dental College Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by a survey and clinical examination over a period of six months from September 2021 to February 2022. Data from 103 patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were collected using a structured questionnaire and clinical examination regarding their parafunctional habits and temporomandibular joint symptoms. Informed consent was filled out by all the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. A descriptive analysis was calculated for both quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: The prevalence of oral parafunctional habits among the study sample was quantified on a binary scale (yes/no) where nail-biting was observed to be highly prevalent (38%), followed by mouth breathing (27%). The most frequently reported temporomandibular joint symptom was noise (clicking or crepitation) which was 66%. Difficulty in mouth opening was the least common (20%) of all the symptoms noted. Conclusion: It may be concluded from our study that amongst parafunctional habits nail biting is the most common habit amongst young individuals and amongst the temporomandibular joint disorder clicking and crepitation is the most common symptom persistent with the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims at finding the incidence of temporo-mandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in a non-patient population and relates their association with psychological distress and parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A DC/TMD questionnaire and DASS-21 scale survey were completed by selected participants followed by clinical examination of TMDs symptoms in sample population. Results: A study sample of 855 participants revealed 36.65% population with various TMDs symptoms, while 63.5% population had no TMDs symptoms. 50.8% study participants were men, and 49.2% were women. Of all affected population, 16.2% had pain-related TMDs, 12.39% had intra-articular TMDs symptoms, and 8.07% had TMJ pain associated with pain or dysfunction. For all TMDs symptoms groups, the strongest correlations were for depression, while no significant associations were observed with parafunctional habits in all groups. Conclusions: Overall psychological distress and anxiety increased the prospects of TMDs symptoms. Clinical factors like muscle tenderness, crossbite and deep vertical overlap seem to be significant etiological factors, while angle molar relationship and parafunctional habits do not seem to be significant etiologic factors in TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their associated biological and psychological factors in Chinese university students. Methods A total of 754 students were included from Zunyi Medical University, each participant completed questionnaires and clinical examinations according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Results The overall prevalence of TMD was 31.7% among medical students. Subjects with TMD had a high prevalence of bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, chewing gum, anterior teeth overbite, anterior teeth overjet, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Moreover, sleep bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, anterior teeth overbite, depression, and anxiety were the strongest risk factors for TMD. Conclusions Individuals with TMD have a high prevalence of psychological distress and oral parafunctional habits. Except for the psychological factors associated with TMD, bruxism, abnormal chewing, and malocclusion also shared similar risks for TMD.

OBJECTIVES: To find the association of extraversion personality traits with oral parafunctional habits. METHODOLOGY: A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 individuals in the College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, over 5 months from July to November 2021. Data was collected using a pre-validated medical questionnaire and a ten-item personality inventory scale (TIPI). The sampling technique used was Convenience sampling. A sample size of 200 was calculated with the help of WHO sample size determination software. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of extraversion personality traits across the oral parafunctional habit group of nail-biting (p= 0.007). In contrast, that for tooth grinding (0.114), tooth clenching (0.076), biting hard objects (0.74) and chewing gum (p= 0.659) was non-significant. The highest mean rank score for the personality trait of extraversion was found in individuals who strongly agreed to have a habit of nail-biting (129.23), tooth grinding (153.63), and tooth clenching (142.61) and biting hard objects (12.07). The highest mean rank score for the parafunctional habit of chewing gum (107.28) was found in individuals who strongly disagreed with having the habit. CONCLUSION: The highest mean rank score for the personality trait of extraversion was found in individuals who strongly agreed to have a habit of nail-biting, tooth grinding, tooth clenching and biting hard objects. The highest mean rank score for the parafunctional habit of chewing gum was found in individuals who strongly disagreed with having the habit.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods: The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results: A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods: The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results: A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs.

Tooth wear is caused by a variety of reasons, many of which are unknown. Tooth wear management is difficult and complex. For effective treatment, accurate measurement of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD), interocclusal rest space, and centric relation records are required. The analysis of facial soft tissue contours is very crucial. A clinician must remember two things before treating a case with full mouth rehabilitation; severe wear does not always cause loss of OVD and it also does not eliminate all defective occlusal interferences. A systematic method may be beneficial in achieving a predictable and desirable result. This paper describes the step-by-step treatment of a 63-year-old patient who had lost occlusal vertical dimension due to parafunctional habits. Making occlusal overlay bilateral splints in acrylic resin and provisional restorations in mandibular teeth for the healing of the intermaxillary distance was the first strategy for oral rehabilitation. The ultimate rehabilitative therapy evolved into direct composite resin restorations associated with all-ceramic crowns fortified by lithium disilicate after the patient's adaption and muscle stability to the new occlusal situation. We established that all teeth had solid connections with similar intensity in centric relation, as well as anterior guiding in line with functional jaw movement. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2022; 12(1): 40-44

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods: The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results: A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs.

Background: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their associated biological and psychological factors in Chinese university students. Methods: A total of 754 students were included from Zunyi Medical University, each participant completed questionnaires and clinical examinations according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Results: The overall prevalence of TMD was 31.7% among medical students. Subjects with TMD had a high prevalence of bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, chewing gum, anterior teeth overbite, anterior teeth overjet, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Moreover, sleep bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, anterior teeth overbite, depression, and anxiety were the strongest risk factors for TMD. Conclusions: Individuals with TMD have a high prevalence of psychological distress and oral parafunctional habits. Except for the psychological factors associated with TMD, bruxism, abnormal chewing, and malocclusion also shared similar risks for TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of new-onset otological symptoms and the possible associations between tinnitus and oral parafunctional habits among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) who attended a Craniofacial Pain Outpatient and a Dentistry Clinic. The medical reports and charts of patients who experienced TMD between 1 February 2016 and 31 December 2017 were reviewed, in order to evaluate the prevalence of new-onset aural fullness, vertigo and tinnitus. Tinnitus was also analyzed in more detail to evaluate possible associations with parafunctional habits. A total of 400 patients (301 females, 99 males) met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 39.6 ± 15.6 years. Overall, new-onset otological symptoms were reported by 304 (76%) subjects with TMD. Among otological symptoms, aural fullness was the most common (n = 133, 33.3%), followed by tinnitus (n = 92, 23%) and vertigo (n = 79, 19.8%). No significant correlations were found between tinnitus and bruxism (p = 0.28), clenching (p = 0.11), nail-biting (p = 0.96), sleeping prone (p = 0.27), chewing gum (p = 0.99) and talking for a long time (p = 0.42). The present study suggests that all patients with TMD should be investigated for new-onset otological symptoms, regardless of oral parafunctional habits. Early diagnosis would allow to plan personalized and appropriate therapeutic and rehabilitative pathways, minimizing the negative impact due to TMD.

Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16 . Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (pConclusions: A statistically significant association was found between biting of lips, grinding of teeth and mouth breathing with TMD.Keywords: parafunctional habits; prevalence; TMD .

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are abnormalities affecting the temporomandibular joint, jaw muscles, or both. An intrinsic relationship reportedly exists between TMDs and psychosocial factors, including stress. Parafunctional habits such as bruxism and clenching are also known to be responsible for TMDs. Objective: To determine the association of anxiety, depression, and bruxism with TMD symptoms and their relationship with age and sex. Methods: Patients included in the study reported, as their chief concern, pain lasting for more than a week in the temporomandibular joint area and/or masticatory muscles. The patients were divided into age groups as follows: Younger than 20 years, 21 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, 41 to 50 years, 51 to 60 years, and above 60 years. Patients were examined clinically and were asked to complete an anamnestic questionnaire (modified version of Helkimo Anamnestic Index) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Seventy-five patients (55 women, 20 men) were included in the study. The prevalence of TMDs was higher in female patients, of whom 33 (60%) had moderate to severe TMDs. Of the 20 male patients, 12 (60%) had signs and symptoms of moderate TMDs. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in female patients. No significant correlation was found between degree of malocclusion and TMDs. Discussion: We found correlations between the degree of TMD with age, sex, parafunctional habits, and psychosocial factors. Symptoms of TMD seemed to increase in patients with parafunctional habits, from younger to older age groups, and with increased anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion: The degree of TMDs is higher in women, and TMDs are associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. Correlation between these factors paves the way for preventive actions aimed at those with moderate and severe signs of TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Headache is among the most common complaints in patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Thus, it seems that evaluation of patients with headache in terms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders is necessary. In people with TMD, parafunctional activities play an important etiologic role. Considering the high prevalence of bruxism and TMDs in patients with headache, assessment the accuracy and severity of this association can play a key role in diagnosis and treatment of these two phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bruxism, TMD and headache, also assessment the efficacy of TMD conservative therapy with a special approach to self-management in treating patients with headache. Materials and Methods: Motor searches of Cochrane, Medline and EMbase databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Uptodate, BMJ clinical Evidence, MD consult and science direct by using of relevant key words were searched for article published between 2000 and 2015. A total of English language abstracts were reviewed, 80 full articles were obtained and among them, 30 relevant articles were reviewed in this study. Because of the high number of studies in this field, we divided the data into four group, bruxism and TMD, TMD and headache, bruxism, TMD and headache, treatment. Conclusion: Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders are the two main contributing factors in initiation and perpetuation of headache. Treatment of these two phenomena would be effective in the treatment of headache.

Background and Aims: Headache is among the most common complaints in patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Thus, it seems that evaluation of patients with headache in terms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders is necessary. In people with TMD, parafunctional activities play an important etiologic role. Considering the high prevalence of bruxism and TMDs in patients with headache, assessment the accuracy and severity of this association can play a key role in diagnosis and treatment of these two phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bruxism, TMD and headache, also assessment the efficacy of TMD conservative therapy with a special approach to self-management in treating patients with headache. Materials and Methods: Motor searches of Cochrane, Medline and EMbase databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Uptodate, BMJ clinical Evidence, MD consult and science direct by using of relevant key words were searched for article published between 2000 and 2015. A total of English language abstracts were reviewed, 80 full articles were obtained and among them, 30 relevant articles were reviewed in this study. Because of the high number of studies in this field, we divided the data into four group, bruxism and TMD, TMD and headache, bruxism, TMD and headache, treatment. Conclusion: Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders are the two main contributing factors in initiation and perpetuation of headache. Treatment of these two phenomena would be effective in the treatment of headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Different factors such as trauma, occlusal disorders, loss of posterior teeth, anxiety, depression, orthodontic treatment, oral habits, unfavorable socio-economic situation and the genetic predisposition are involved in the development of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) .Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been reported extensively varied among different populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TMD in patients referred to dental school of Guilan University of Medical Sciences Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients referred to dental school of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data were collected. TMD was considered as the presence of at least one of the signs, symptoms including click, pain and tenderness of masticatory muscles, pain of tempromandibular joint(TMJ), jaw deviation,or limitation in mouth opening. Data were analyzed by SPSS(version17) using Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson' coefficient correlation tests (P<0.05). Results: Five hundred patients including 218 males (43.6%) and 282 females (56.4%), age range of 11-69 years(mean age of 41.4±1.13 ) were evaluated. The prevalence of TMD was 66.6%. However, TMD was more common in patients with older age, oral parafunctional habits, previous trauma,remarkable attrition, jaw dislocation, loss of posterior teeth, balancing side interference as well as financial unsatisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that temporomandibular disorder was a common condition. .Factors such as age, parafunctional habits, trauma, remarkable attrition, jaw dislocation, loss of posterior teeth, and financial condition can affect TMD development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding is the best option for infants. It promotes an adequate growth and development of the craniofacial structures as breastfeeding stimulates the orofacial musculature and therefore the functional development of the stomatognathic system. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. 195 clinical histories of patients with ages between 3 and 16 years attending the postdoctoral pediatric dentistry clinic of the dental School at the University of Santa Maria, Caracas Venezuela, were evaluated. Time data associated with breastfeeding, presence of parafunctional habits, and malocclusions were collected. Results: 29.7% of the children were breastfed <5 months, 62.1% >6 months, and 8.2% were not breastfed. 84.1% had par afunctional habits and 4 1% had som e type of malocclusion. When applying the Chi-square test for each variable, a statistically significant relationship between <5-month breastfeeding and parafunctional habits (p=0.001) was found. However, there was not a statistically significant relationship between the length of breastfeeding and the occurrence of malocclusions (p=0.012). Conclusions: The results indicate the existence of a relationship between a period of <5 months of breastfeeding and the development of parafunctional habits, having the greater risk children who do not receive nursing or did for a short period. However, no significant relationship between breastfeeding and the occurr ence of malocclusions was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods : The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results : A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions : This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Homeida L et al.)

Parafunctional behaviors, especially bruxism, are not uncommon among patient visiting dentists' clinics daily and they constitute a major dental issue for almost all dentists. Many researchers have focused on the definition, pathophysiology, and treatment of these behaviors. These parafunctional behaviors have a considerable negative impact on teeth and dental prothesis. In this review, we focused on the impact of parafunctional behaviors on dental bridges. We summarized the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of parafunctional behaviors. In addition, we reviewed previous dental literature studies that demonstrated the effect of bruxism or other parafunctional behaviors on dental bridges and dental prothesis. In conclusion, parafunctional behaviors are common involuntary movements involving the masticatory system. They are more prevalent among children. These behaviors have deleterious effects on dental structures. Causes of parafunctional behaviors include anxiety, depression, smoking, caffeine intake, sleep disorders, or central neurotransmitter dysfunction. Bruxism and other similar masticatory system activity cause dental fracture, loss, and weardown of enamel or teeth. They can also affect different types of dental protheses both fixed and removable types. Parafunctional behaviors shorten the life expectancy of these protheses, and damage residual dentition and denture-bearing tissues.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the uses of electromyography (EMG) in dentistry in the last few years in related research. EMG is an advanced technique to record and evaluate muscle activity. In the previous days, EMG was only used for medical sciences, but now EMG playing a tremendous role in medical as well as dental sector., Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies published until July 2015., Results: EMG can be used in both diagnosis and treatment purpose to record neuromuscular activity. In dentistry, we can utilize EMG to evaluate muscular activity in function such as chewing and biting or parafunctional activities such as clenching and bruxism. In case of TMJ and myofascial pain disorders, EMG widely is used in the last few years., Conclusions: EMG is one of biometric tests that occur in the modern evidence-based dentistry practice.

Unlabelled: Tooth wear is a complex multifactorial process that involves the loss of hard dental tissue. Parafunctional habits have been mentioned as a self-destructive process caused by stress, which results in hyperactivity of masticatory muscles. Stress manifests itself through teeth grinding, leading to progressive teeth wear. The effects of continuous exposure to industrial noise, a "stressor" agent, cannot be ignored and its effects on the teeth must be evaluated., Aims: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of industrial noise on dental wear over time, by identifying and quantifying crown area loss., Material and Methods: 39 Wistar rats were used. Thirty rats were divided in 3 experimental groups of 10 animals each. Animals were exposed to industrial noise, rich in LFN components, for 1, 4 and 7 months, with an average weekly exposure of 40 hours (8h/day, 5 days/week with the weekends in silence). The remaining 9 animals were kept in silence. The areas of the three main cusps of the molars were measured under light microscopy., Statistical Analysis Used: A two-way ANOVA model was applied at significance level of 5%., Results: The average area of the molar cusps was significantly different between exposed and non-exposed animals. The most remarkable differences occurred between month 1 and 4. The total crown loss from month 1 to month 7 was 17.3% in the control group, and 46.5% in the exposed group, and the differences between these variations were significant (p<0.001)., Conclusions: Our data suggest that industrial noise is an important factor in the pathogenesis of tooth wear.

Background: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disease characterized by absence of any lesions and burning of the oral mucosa associated to a sensation of dry mouth and/or taste alterations. The purpose of our study is to estimate signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in patients with BMS and to investigate for the existence of an association between BMS and TMD., Materials and Methods: Forty-four BMS patients were enrolled; BMS subtype was established according to the classification of Lamey. After a gnathological evaluation, according to the protocol of the European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders, patients were classified by RDC/TMD criteria. The data were compared and analyzed using a chi-square test to describe the existence of an association between BMS and TMD., Results: 65.9% the BMS patients showed disorders classified as primary signs and symptoms of TMD according to RDC / TMD criteria, and 72.7% showed parafunctional habits. The chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association (p = 0.035) between BMS and TMD., Conclusion: The data suggest that there is a possible relationship not yet well understood between BMS and TMD, may be for neurophatic alterations assumed for BMS that could be also engaged in TMD pathogenesis.