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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bleed-air control of ram-air parafoils is a lightweight and cost-effective mechanism that enables significant landing accuracy improvements compared to traditional trailing edge brake control due to the addition of direct glide slope control. Single-surface parafoil canopies have been shown to be lightweight and possess similar flight behavior as their ram-air counterparts. The design of bleed-air spoilers is more challenging for single-surface canopies, which lack the internal ram-air that provides a high pressure differential at any chordwise location. This paper explores bleed-air spoilers on single-surface parafoils with a focus on turn rate and glide slope control capabilities. Through a flight test campaign, it was shown that bleed-air spoilers on a single-surface parafoil provide both turn rate control from asymmetric vent opening and glide slope change from symmetric vent opening. Vents located far forward at the 10% chord location yield substantial control response with a maximum turn rate response of 38 deg/s and a maximum glide slope change of 58%. Vents located farther aft at 30, 50, and 70% chords demonstrated diminished control authority. Varying the spanwise locations of the spoilers revealed that the outermost vents had negligible lateral and longitudinal control authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) Determine the opportunities, threats, vulnerabilities, and strengths of the paragliding hill as a tourist attraction in Segorogunung village; and (2) Establish a model strategy for the development of paragliding sport tourism in Segorogunung village. This research employs a qualitative descriptive case study methodology incorporating an embedded research approach. Utilizing a strategic management concept-based approach, qualitative descriptive and SWOT analyses are utilized in research data analysis. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The accumulated value of the strength factor is 1.758; the accumulated value of the vulnerability factor is -1.255; the accumulated value of the opportunity factor is 1.855; and the accumulated value of the threat factor is -1.445. (2) The cumulative IFAS score for the (3) The progressive strategy model for the development of sports tourism in Segorogunung village requires the following concrete steps: a). Implementation of the pentahelix framework to facilitate the growth and progress of paragliding sports tourism. B). Cultivating a shared sense of mutual respect, trust, accountability, and benefit; establishing cross-sector communication forums; developing master plans for development; and fostering management collaboration in order to implement a management system based on good governance. According to the findings of this study, paragliding as a sports tourism incentive in Segorogunung village achieves Quadrant I (progressive strategy model) classification. This circumstance is extremely advantageous for paragliding tourism administrators, the village administration, and the regional administration of the Karanganyar Regency. Keywords: Sports industry, Paragliding, Segorogunung Village, Sports tourism.

OBJECTIVES: In light of the growing popularity of paragliding, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of paragliding accidents, providing insights into the types and severity of injuries sustained as well as the body regions most commonly affected. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study utilized data on adverse paragliding events on Mount Babadağ in Turkey, collected by the Muğla Sports Tourism Board (STB) between January 2020 and December 2021, with data sources including out-of-hospital STB forms and in-hospital electronic health records. RESULTS: Out of 241,420 paragliding flights, a total of 44 accidents were identified, with only three resulting in fatalities. Most of the accidents occurred during take off and landing, but the deadliest phase was during flight. The majority of accidents were of low severity, with a median National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics score of 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) and a median injury severity score of 1 (IQR 1-7.75). The lower limb was the most commonly injured body part, accounting for 55.8% of injuries, followed by the upper limb at 30.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being considered an extreme sport, paragliding carries a relatively low risk of accidents and serious injuries, owing to advancements in training, equipment inspection, and protective gear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and built a reduced-scale model experiment to study the paragliding inflation and launching phase at given traction force. We show that the launch trajectory of a single skin glider is universal, that is, independent of the exerted force. As a consequence, the length of the take-off run required for the glider to reach its "ready to launch" vertical position is also universal. We successfully compare our results to full-scale experiments and show that such universality can be understood through a simple theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I (the first author) explore my qualitative research teaching for a cohort of Chinese students and their interactions in the classroom. These students reported experiencing feelings of paragliding from unsafe distrust to enjoyment through writings, drawings, questionings, feelings, reflections, and struggles. By graphic elicitation, I unfold a cartography of becoming a qualitative researcher and describe lines of becoming-events that entangle with rhizomatic relationships of self and language, self and other, and self and knowledge. The process of learning and teaching qualitative research involved multiple interactions, connections, reflections on the contingencies along the way, and searching for the meanings of life and research under the governance of audit culture. This paper contributes to qualitative research teaching and unpacks its impacts on learners, and it also calls for scholars, particularly those from China, to reassess the value of qualitative research in the academic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Hatay’ın Arsuz ilçesinde 7-8-9 Eylül 2018 tarihlerinde, Arsuz Doğa ve Su Sporları Festivali (Arsuzfest) sırasında gerçekleşen, yamaç paraşütü etkinliği katılımcılarının demografik özelliklerinin, yamaç paraşütü yapma motivasyonlarının ve yamaç paraşütü etkinliği memnuniyetlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın diğer bir amacı ise, katılımcıların festival hakkındaki genel görüşlerinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda, yazarlar tarafından 21 soruluk görüşme formu oluşturulmuştur. Görüşme formundaki soruların 12’si katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ile, 3’ü yamaç paraşütü yapma motivasyonları ile, 4’ü etkinlik memnuniyetleri ile ve 2’si festivalin geneli ile ilgilidir. Araştırma verileri, Arsuzfest yamaç paraşütü etkinliği katılımcılarından nitel araştırma yöntemi olan görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiş olup. 30 katılımcı ile yüz yüze görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yapılarak çözümlenmiştir. İçerik analizi sonucunda yamaç paraşütü etkinliği katılımcılarının motivasyonlarının “Özgürlük”, “Heyecan”, “Gökyüzünden bakmak”, “Macera”, “Risk alma”, “Yükseklik korkusunu yenme”, “Huzur bulma” ve “Farklılaşma isteği” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda, yamaç paraşütü yapan katılımcıların, risk almayı sevdikleri ve kriz durumlarını yönetebildikleri ve bu etkinlikten genel anlamda memnun kaldıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca festival değerlendirmeleri, sosyalleşme ve çeşitlilik açısından olumlu iken, organizasyon ile ilgili yetersizlikleri ortaya koymaktadır. Son olarak araştırmada elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda etkinlik ve festival için çeşitli öneriler getirilmiş olup, elde edilen bulgular ve sonuçların gelecekteki çalışmalara ışık tutacağı umut edilmektedir. ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this research is to determine demographic characteristics, motives and event satisfaction of paragliding event participants at Arsuz Nature and Water Sports Festival (Arsuzfest) which was held from 7 to 9 September, 2018. The other purpose of the study is to determine participants’ general opinion about the Arsuzfest. For these purposes, a 21 question interview form was created by authors. 12 of the questions are related to the demographic characteristics of the participants, 3 of them are related to their motivations to do paragliding, 4 of them are about the event satisfaction of the participants and 2 of them are related to the whole festival. Research data are gathered via interview, which is a qualitative research method, with 30 paragliding event participants at Arsuzfest. Data gathered from interviews analyzed via content analysis. As a result, motives of paragliding event participants have been found as “Freedom”, “Excitement”, “Looking from the sky”, “Adventure”, Taking a risk”, “Overcoming fear of height”, “Peace”, and “Desire for differentiation”. As a result of the interviews, it was determined that paragliding participants liked to take risks and could manage crises and were generally satisfied with this activity. In addition, while participants’ general evaluations were positive in terms of socialization and diversity there were some inadequacies related to the organization. Finally, in line with the findings of the research, various suggestions have been made for the event and festival, and it is hoped that the findings and results will shed light on future studies.

This research is motivated by psychological problems when the competition is of course a work that needs to be addressed so that young athletes have strong mentality during the competition, the right method of mental training is expected that young athletes already have mental steel early on. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the influence of mental imagery and self talk training methods on the results of landing accuracy in paragliding sports. This type of research is an experiment with division into 2 groups. The population in this study were 18 athletes. Sampling technique with total sampling. Data retrieval technique is by landing accuracy test. Data analysis techniques using ANAVA. The results of this study indicate differences in the results between the initial test with the final test, as shown in the table the results of the increase in the Self Talk method group which amounted to 87% is not better than the increase in the Imagery method group which has an increase of 96%. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the effect of mental training on Landing Accuracy Results. The Imagery training method gives a better effect than the Self Talk method.

This study investigated the death anxiety (DA) scores of participants in outdoor-adventure recreational (OAR) activities, and the relationship of the DA scores to several demographic features and experience of DA. The study included 589 individuals with various leisure-time OAR experience levels (131 women, 458 men; Mage=29.79±9.64). Their sports included climbing (n=200), scuba diving (n=142), and paragliding (n=247). DA was measured by the Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale. Overall, the DA scores were low, with no significant differences between OAR activities. However, the DA scores were affected by age and gender, and length of OAR experience. More specifically, the DA scores were highest for 18-28-year-old participants, women, and participants with 4-6 years of a middle-level OAR experience. Previous negative DA experiences did not increase the DA scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Paragliding is an extreme sport performed by gliding from a mountain at high altitude into the air. The authors aimed to determine the differences between the levels of adrenaline, cortisol, and insulin before and after the flight of tandem pilots and passengers flying for the first time, and to determine the relationship between these hormones and death anxiety and risk-taking levels. Materials and methods. The study included 12 experienced male pilots and 15 male passengers flying for the first time. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured after the participants had filled in Personal Information Form, DOSPERT Risk-Taking Scale and Death Anxiety Scale before the flight. Blood samples were taken before and after the flight to determine adrenaline, cortisol, and insulin levels. Results. Adrenaline and cortisol levels, as well as heart rate, increased significantly after the flight, while insulin levels decreased significantly in the passenger group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the pilot group. Conclusions. The experience factor plays an important role in the positive effect of paragliding flight on cortisol, adrenaline, insulin, and various physiological parameters, as well as mediates the adaptation of the organism to unusual situations. The human organism adapts physiologically and hormonally to the flying action. One of the striking results of the study was that cortisol levels were at the upper limit of normal values in the passenger group after the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on cross-country paragliding, a form of “aerial wandering” whose goal is to use the lift provided by rising air currents to accomplish long circuits or journeys. A detailed description of the sport is followed by an analysis of pilots’ singular relationship with airspace, which results from the paradoxes of cross-country paragliding and the fact that every flight inevitably includes detours: A straight line is never the most efficient or effective route, even in the air. Moreover, the conflict between the sport’s recreational and contemplative dimensions and its performance and competitive dimensions, combined with the intangible factors (air conditions, rules governing airspace) that constrain pilots’ liberty of movement, mean that paragliding is not quite as synonymous with freedom as one might think. Finally, the way in which pilots appropriate the areas over which they fly results in cross-country paragliding producing its own territorialities. These territorialities can be studied by analysing written and filmed accounts of long-distance flights, which express the experiential aspects of free-flying and of viewing the Earth from the sky.

Background: Paragliding is an extreme sport performed by gliding from a mountain at high altitude into the air. The authors aimed to determine the differences between the levels of adrenaline, cortisol, and insulin before and after the flight of tandem pilots and passengers flying for the first time, and to determine the relationship between these hormones and death anxiety and risk-taking levels. Materials and Methods: The study included 12 experienced male pilots and 15 male passengers flying for the first time. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured after the participants had filled in Personal Information Form, DOSPERT Risk-Taking Scale and Death Anxiety Scale before the flight. Blood samples were taken before and after the flight to determine adrenaline, cortisol, and insulin levels. Results: Adrenaline and cortisol levels, as well as heart rate, increased significantly after the flight, while insulin levels decreased significantly in the passenger group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the pilot group. Conclusions: The experience factor plays an important role in the positive effect of paragliding flight on cortisol, adrenaline, insulin, and various physiological parameters, as well as mediates the adaptation of the organism to unusual situations. The human organism adapts physiologically and hormonally to the flying action. One of the striking results of the study was that cortisol levels were at the upper limit of normal values in the passenger group after the flight.

Introduction: Paragliding is an adventurous aerial sport which is performed regularly in and around Pokhara. The Western Region of Nepal (Especially Pokhara, Parbat, Baglung and Syanjya) is famous not only for its natural beauty but for adventurous sports like paragliding, ultraflight and bungee jumping etc. The growing popularity of paragliding sport has led to a steady increase in the number of associated injuries. Objectives: The main objective of this retrospective review is to find out characteristic of injuries in different of paragliding accidents. Methods: This is a retrospective review of paragliding injury cases who attended emmergency department of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from June 2009 to May 2016. Demographic profile (Age, sex, address), type of flight, timing of accident, severity and pattern of injures were collected and analyzed using the frequency table. Results: Among 60 people who faced accidents and brought to hospital, four of them with severe multiple trauma were declared dead in the emergency department at the time of arrival. Fifty six patients were injured with varieties of injury. Among 56 survived patients, 14 (25%) were minor injuries and discharged from the Emergency Department after treatment for soft tissue trauma like abrasion or sprain. Twelve patients with polytrauma (Including four chest injury, two abdominal injury with multiple bone fractures) and rest of the patients were admitted and treated/reffered/discharged. Conclusion: Lower limb especially foot and ankle injury were the commonest type of injury followed by spine fracture in paragliding accidents.

The main purpose of this research is to determine demographic characteristics, motives and event satisfaction of paragliding event participants at Arsuz Nature and Water Sports Festival (Arsuzfest) which was held from 7 to 9 September, 2018. The other purpose of the study is to determine participants’ general opinion about the Arsuzfest. For these purposes, a 21 question interview form was created by authors. 12 of the questions are related to the demographic characteristics of the participants, 3 of them are related to their motivations to do paragliding, 4 of them are about the event satisfaction of the participants and 2 of them are related to the whole festival. Research data are gathered via interview, which is a qualitative research method, with 30 paragliding event participants at Arsuzfest. Data gathered from interviews analyzed via content analysis. As a result, motives of paragliding event participants have been found as “Freedom”, “Excitement”, “Looking from the sky”, “Adventure”, Taking a risk”, “Overcoming fear of height”, “Peace”, and “Desire for differentiation”. As a result of the interviews, it was determined that paragliding participants liked to take risks and could manage crises and were generally satisfied with this activity. In addition, while participants’ general evaluations were positive in terms of socialization and diversity there were some inadequacies related to the organization. Finally, in line with the findings of the research, various suggestions have been made for the event and festival, and it is hoped that the findings and results will shed light on future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sports related cervical spine trauma may range from minor injuries to severe life-threatening fractures with spinal cord injuries as following paragliding accidents. Case Description: A 52-year-old male sustained C4-C5 and C6-C7 fracture-dislocations (American Spinal Injury Association-D) attributed to a paragliding accident. He underwent a C5 corpectomy with C4-C6 anterior fusion. Three years later, he again sustained a paragliding accident, now resulting in a C6-C7 fracture-dislocation that required a C6-C7 anterior discectomy fusion. However, when this latter fusion "failed" 1 month later, he subsequently required a 360° fusion performed as a two-stage procedure. Further, 2 years later, he was involved in a motor vehicle accident resulting in an odontoid fracture. Conclusion: Unstable spinal fractures require surgical fixation to prevent neurological injury. Long cervical fusions create lever arms that increase the stress to adjacent levels, rendering them prone to future injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilkes, Matt, Martin J. MacInnis, Lucy A. Hawkes, Heather Massey, Clare Eglin, and Michael J. Tipton. The physiology of paragliding flight at moderate and extreme altitudes. High Alt Med Biol 19:42–51, 2018.—Paragliding is a form of free flight, with extreme-altitude paragliding being an emerging discipline. We aimed to describe the physiological demands and the impact of environmental stressors of paragliding at moderate and extreme altitudes. We recorded oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), oxygen saturation, accelerometry (G), and altitude in 9.3 hours of flight at moderate altitudes (to 3073 m, n = 4), 19.3 hours at extreme altitude (to 7458 m, n = 2), and during high-G maneuvers (n = 2). We also analyzed HR data from an additional 17 pilots (138 hours) using the Flymaster Live database to corroborate our findings. All pilots were male. Overall energy expenditure at moderate altitude was low [1.7 (0.6) metabolic equivalents], but physiological parameters were notably higher during takeoff (p < 0.05). Pilots transiently reached ∼7 G during maneuvers. Mean HR at extreme altitude [112 (14) bpm] was elevated compared to moderate altitude [98 (15) bpm, p = 0.048]. Differences in pilots' VT and fR at moderate and extreme altitudes were not statistically significant (p = 0.96 and p = 0.058, respectively). Thus, we conclude that physical exertion in paragliding is low, suggesting that any subjective fatigue felt by pilots is likely to be cognitive or environmental. Future research should focus on reducing mental workload, enhancing cognitive function, and improving environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 64-year-old male fell from an altitude of 10 m while paragliding after stalling due to the wind. The purpose of this case report is to describe the outcomes after multiple injuries sustained during a paragliding accident, including a potentially life-threating injury to the thoracic aorta. The subject sustained a bite wound on his tongue, injuries to his chest (left side) and back, and a right forearm deformity. Enhanced whole body computed tomography (CT) revealed fractures of the bilateral laminae of the second and third cervical bones, right first rib, the tenth thoracic vertebral body (compression type), second lumbar vertebral body (burst type) and the right radius, Other injuries included an injury to the thoracic aortic arch and the presence of intraabdominal fluid collection without perforation of the digestive tract. Endovascular treatment was selected for the aortic injury because of multiple injuries. Immediate management included hypotensive rate control therapy using calcium and a beta blocker. On the fourth hospital day, the subject underwent deployment of a stent-graft to the aorta and subsequent surgical immobilization for the lumbar burst fracture. He also underwent surgical immobilization of the radial fracture and was discharged on the 28th hospital day. First responders or physicians should consider the possibility of aortic injury when treating patients who suffer falls while paragliding and provide appropriate management. Failure to provide appropriate management of an aortic injury could result in death. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People today pay attention more on their health and because of that sports tourism becomes more popular. Especially popular segment of sports tourism is adventure sports including paragliding which has a special place. Tourist product of Niška Banja, as one of more visited tourism destination in Serbia, is mostly based on its health function. In the first part of this paper it is presented touristic valorisation of Niška Banja using criteria recommended form World Tourism Organization. In the second part of this paper it is used marketing mix as a tool for creating potential tourism product Paragliding weekend in Niška Banja. The aim of this paper is to show how the tourism offers of Niška Banja can be diversified using a new integrated product and how the touristic value can be increased.

O presente estudo analisa situações de risco na prática de voo livre por intermédio do conceito de redoma sensorial. A amostra foi constituída de 19 (dezenove) praticantes da modalidade de parapente, com média de idade de 31 (trinta e um) anos, considerou-se o desvio padrão com significância > < 0,05%. A partir do método de estudo descritivo-exploratório foi possível verificar que o domínio da técnica e o uso de equipamentos adequados, apesar de imprescindíveis não garantem o êxito desses atores. Muitas vezes, as situações de risco vivenciadas agregam num primeiro momento um verdadeiro arcabouço de elementos sensoriais extraordinários. No entanto, as vivências diárias numa dada modalidade podem levar à banalização desses elementos por parte do praticante, transformando-se em elementos sensoriais ordinários. Essa situação poderá implicar negativamente na prática das modalidades de esporte de aventura como, por exemplo, a manutenção da integridade física e emocional do praticante.This study analyzes the risk situations in the practice of free flight through the concept of sensorial dome. The sample consisted of 19 (nineteen) practitioners of the paragliding, with the age middle was 31 (thirty one) years old and the arithmetic absolute media considered by researches was > < 0.05%. From the method of descriptive exploratory study was concluded that that the field of technology and use appropriate equipment, though not essential guarantee the success of these actors. In the major of time, the risky situations experienced in the adventure sport, join at a first moment a true outline of extraordinary sensorial elements. However, the daily experiences observed in a given kind can take to the banalization of those elements by the apprentice, becoming ordinary sensorial elements. Such change can present implications in and for the practice of the adventure sport kinds in natural environment like, for instance, the apprentice's physical and emotional integrity.

Paragliders tend to collapse when entering a too low pitch angle, which can lead to dangerous situations. The aim of this project was to develop a system, which is able to stabilize the pitch axis/movement of a paraglider in order to avoid critical angles of attack and resulting front collapses. A 6 DOF sensor measured these critical pitch values during flight, a microcontroller unit activates linear actuators located in the harness of the pilot, and pulls on the D-risers of the paraglider to stabilize the overshooting. This substitutes the active reaction of a pilot and therefore is able to prevent critical flight situations. For evaluation, pitch values with and without stabilization system, during artificially induced overshooting maneuvers, got compared. The evaluation results showed a distinct influence of the system on the pitch behavior of the canopy proving the successful realization of the concept. This project was a feasibility study in terms of electronic stabilization systems for paragliders. It showed such a system is able to increase the safety of paragliders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Kinesiologiae is the property of Annales Kinesiologiae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourist experience has become popular recently. There are some customer experience approaches in the literature. One of them is flow theory which has intrinsic rewards. Flow theory as a good material to understand tourists’ experience has researched in many studies like web and education applications. Though it's also investigated in adventure activities and the importance of the concept, limited research has been carried out. Paragliding is an exciting form of air adventure that satisfies the tourists’ need, thereby explaining why it has become a popular adventure activity. Although a few studies have analysed multiple tourist experience, there is still a lack of research adopting the flow experience perspective to understand tourist experiences when participating in paragliding activities. Therefore this study adopts the concept of flow phenomenon to examine the tourist experience in paragliding. The study asked the attendees the extent to which they experienced flow. Open-ended questionnaire was conducted to gather data. The study employs content analytic procedures to analyse open-ended questionnaires to directly elicit attendees’ flow experience. According to results, gliders experience challenge-skill balance, a sense of control, time distortion, clear goals, and focused attention dimensions of flow theory. Results of this study provide baseline data on the existence of flow phenomenon in the paragliding environment. It also provides knowledge about the factors associated with the flow experience and attendees’ feelings and enjoyments in paragliding. Finally, the research findings and theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]