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Background and Aims: Self‐perception of sensitive skin (SPSS) has several consequences, including skin barrier damage, which is prevented by barrier sebum. We analyzed lipidome profiles of skin surface lipids (SSLs) in patients with SPSS and healthy controls and explored the mechanism of action of potential lipid markers on the repair of damaged barrier cells to better understand SSL abnormity in these patients. Methods: Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to investigate SSL variations in major lipid classes, subclasses, and species. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to examine changes in intracellular gene expression following cell barrier damage repair by potential lipid markers. Results: There were significant differences in the lipidomes of individuals between groups. Individuals with SPSS showed significantly increased levels of two diacylglycerols and one very‐short‐chain free fatty acid and significantly decreased levels of three ceramides (Cers), four glycerophospholipids, and one very‐long‐chain free fatty acid. RT‐PCR revealed that after damage repair by Cer/Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the expression of two genes in the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein and three in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor pathway significantly increased. Causes of skin barrier damage in patients with SPSS are related to the amount and type of lipids. Conclusion: Cer/GlcCer can promote lipid synthesis and secretion by upregulating lipid‐related gene expression to repair barrier damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human health status can be measured on the basis of many different parameters. Statistical relationships among these different health parameters will enable several possible health care applications and an approximation of the current health status of individuals, which will allow for more personalized and preventive health care by informing the potential risks and developing personalized interventions. Furthermore, a better understanding of the modifiable risk factors related to lifestyle, diet, and physical activity will facilitate the design of optimal treatment approaches for individuals., Objective: This study aims to provide a high-dimensional, cross-sectional data set of comprehensive health care information to construct a combined statistical model as a single joint probability distribution and enable further studies on individual relationships among the multidimensional data obtained., Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, data were collected from a population of 1000 adult men and women (aged ≥20 years) matching the age ratio of the typical adult Japanese population. Data include biochemical and metabolic profiles from blood, urine, saliva, and oral glucose tolerance tests; bacterial profiles from feces, facial skin, scalp skin, and saliva; messenger RNA, proteome, and metabolite analyses of facial and scalp skin surface lipids; lifestyle surveys and questionnaires; physical, motor, cognitive, and vascular function analyses; alopecia analysis; and comprehensive analyses of body odor components. Statistical analyses will be performed in 2 modes: one to train a joint probability distribution by combining a commercially available health care data set containing large amounts of relatively low-dimensional data with the cross-sectional data set described in this paper and another to individually investigate the relationships among the variables obtained in this study., Results: Recruitment for this study started in October 2021 and ended in February 2022, with a total of 997 participants enrolled. The collected data will be used to build a joint probability distribution called a Virtual Human Generative Model. Both the model and the collected data are expected to provide information on the relationships between various health statuses., Conclusions: As different degrees of health status correlations are expected to differentially affect individual health status, this study will contribute to the development of empirically justified interventions based on the population., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/47024., (©Masanobu Hibi, Shun Katada, Aya Kawakami, Kotatsu Bito, Mayumi Ohtsuka, Kei Sugitani, Adeline Muliandi, Nami Yamanaka, Takahiro Hasumura, Yasutoshi Ando, Takashi Fushimi, Teruhisa Fujimatsu, Tomoki Akatsu, Sawako Kawano, Ren Kimura, Shigeki Tsuchiya, Yuuki Yamamoto, Mai Haneoka, Ken Kushida, Tomoki Hideshima, Eri Shimizu, Jumpei Suzuki, Aya Kirino, Hisashi Tsujimura, Shun Nakamura, Takashi Sakamoto, Yuki Tazoe, Masayuki Yabuki, Shinobu Nagase, Tamaki Hirano, Reiko Fukuda, Yukari Yamashiro, Yoshinao Nagashima, Nobutoshi Ojima, Motoki Sudo, Naoki Oya, Yoshihiko Minegishi, Koichi Misawa, Nontawat Charoenphakdee, Zhengyan Gao, Kohei Hayashi, Kenta Oono, Yohei Sugawara, Shoichiro Yamaguchi, Takahiro Ono, Hiroshi Maruyama. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.06.2023.)

Squalene is a triterpene that is an intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. It was so named because of its occurrence in shark liver oil, which contains large quantities and is considered its richest source. However, it is widely distributed in nature, with reasonable amounts found in olive oil, palm oil, wheat-germ oil, amaranth oil, and rice bran oil. Squalene, the main component of skin surface polyunsaturated lipids, shows some advantages for the skin as an emollient and antioxidant, and for hydration and its antitumor activities. It is also used as a material in topically applied vehicles such as lipid emulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Substances related to squalene, including β-carotene, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) and vitamins A, E, and K, are also included in this review article to introduce their benefits to skin physiology. We summarize investigations performed in previous reports from both in vitro and in vivo models.