Search

Die Masterarbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit, sozialem Aufstieg und politischer Partizipation junger Männer aus Berlin-Gropiusstadt. Die Analyse der Lebensgeschichten der fünf Befragten, die alle einen sozialen Aufstieg erlebt haben, erfolgte mittels der qualitativen Forschungsmethodik der Grounded Theory, aufbauend auf leitfadengestützter Interviews nach Jean-Claude Kaufmann. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung legen nahe, dass ein sozialer Aufstieg in der Regel mit einer Zunahme des politischen Interesses und einer daraus resultierenden Partizipation einhergeht. Der Prozess des sozialen Aufstiegs wird von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Bildung, berufliche Entwicklung, soziales Umfeld und persönliche Erfahrungen geprägt und kann nicht als linear zum Aufstieg beobachtet werden. Ein sozialer Aufstieg hat das Potenzial, ein differenziertes Verständnis politischer und gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhänge aufzubringen, welches durch Empathie für sozial Benachteiligte begleitet wird., The master's thesis analyses the relationship between social inequality, social advancement and political participation of young men from Berlin-Gropiusstadt. The life stories of the five interviewees, all of whom have experienced social advancement, were analysed using the qualitative research methodology of grounded theory, based on guided interviews according to Jean-Claude Kaufmann. The results of the study suggest that social advancement is generally accompanied by an increase in political interest and the resulting participation. The process of social advancement is characterised by various factors such as education, professional development, social environment and personal experiences and cannot be observed as a linear progression. Social advancement has the potential to bring about a differentiated understanding of political and social contexts, which is accompanied by empathy for the socially disadvantaged., Steven Schmiedel, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Objective: This article studies the intergenerational stability of employment in families of immigrants cross-nationally by investigating to what extent contextual differences between sending and receiving countries affect the transmission of labour force participation from mothers to daughters. Background: It is often argued that a low level of labour force participation among female immigrants reflects gender norms inherited from the sending country, or, alternatively, that it is indicative of obstacles to social mobility in the receiving country. We seek to add to the existing research on this topic by providing evidence of differences between sending and receiving countries that systematically affect the labour market behaviour of female immigrants. Method: We use individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 35 receiving countries for a 14-year period (2004-2018) in combination with contextual data for 172 sending countries from 1960 to 2018. First, we provide an overview of employment rates and intergenerational employment stability for different combinations of sending and receiving contexts with respect to the labour force participation rates of female immigrants. Second, we corroborate our descriptive findings with multilevel models. Results: Our paper shows that there are changes in the levels of intergenerational employment stability among immigrants depending on the differences in the female labour force participation rates between the sending and the receiving countries. We find that when women migrate from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates, their probability of participating in the labour force increases. However, we also find that the levels of intergenerational employment stability in this group are high. Conclusion: Intergenerational employment stability seems to be responsive to contextual differences between sending and receiving countries. We, Fragestellung: Unser Beitrag befasst sich mit der intergenerationalen Stabilität von Frauenerwerbsbeteiligung innerhalb von Familien mit Einwanderungsgeschichte. Wir untersuchen inwieweit sich Unterschiede zwischen Herkunfts- und Aufnahmeländern auf die Transmission der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern zu Töchtern auswirken. Hintergrund: Als Grund für die oftmals geringe Erwerbsbeteiligung von Migrantinnen werden häufig aus den Herkunftsländern stammende tradierte Geschlechterrollen angeführt. Ein anderer Erklärungsansatz benennt Barrieren sozialer Mobilität in den Aufnahmeländern als wesentliche Hürde. Forschung die sich mit der intergenerationalen Stabilität der Erwerbsbeteiligung migrantischer Mütter und Töchter beschäftigt, betrachtet meist nur ein einziges Herkunfts- oder Aufnahmeland. Die länderübergreifende Perspektive hingegen hat erst in der jüngeren Forschung an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen (e.g., OECD 2017). Wir tragen zur bestehenden Forschung empirische Analysen bei, die zeigen, wie kontextuelle Unterschiede Aufnahme- und Herkunftsländern die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Migrantinnen systematisch beeinflussen. Methode: Wir nutzen Daten des European Social Survey (ESS) aus 35 Ländern über eine Zeitspanne von 14 Jahren (2004-2018). Diese werden ergänzt durch kontextuelle Daten zu 172 Herkunftsländern für die Zeit von 1960 bis 2018. Zuerst wird ein Überblick über Erwerbsquoten von Migrantinnen und intergenerationaler Stabilität von Erwerbstätigkeit innerhalb dieser Gruppe gegeben. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die deskriptiven Befunde durch Mehrebenenmodelle, die demografische und sozio-kulturelle Merkmale kontrollieren sowie die geschachtelte Datenstruktur berücksichtigen, geprüft. Ergebnisse: Unser Beitrag zeigt, dass Unterschiede in der intergenerationalen Stabilität im Zusammenhang mit dem Unterschied der allgemeinen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen zwischen Herkunfts- und Aufnahmeländern stehen. Während eine Migration aus Ländern mit niedriger Erwerbsbeteiligung vo

The focus of this paper is on an initial comparative analysis of intergenerational social (class) mobility over birth cohorts in Argentina and Spain. Our objective is to determine the extent to which these two cases of late industrialized countries share similar features of social mobility. Two central questions guide our work: 1) What have been the changes in absolute mobility rates in Argentina and Spain? 2) What has been the comparative evolution over time of the strength of class association? We are guided by two working hypotheses: 1) Given intergenerational changes in labor movements from rural to urban environments, plus the growth of the service class we expect to find a high degree of absolute mobility in both countries; and 2) following international literature, we expect to find a stable net association - controlling for structural changes - of class origins and destinations across birth cohorts in men, and social fluidity in the case of Spanish women., El foco de este trabajo es un primer paso en el análisis comparativo de la movilidad social (de clase) intergeneracional sobre cohortes de nacimiento en Argentina y España. Nuestro objetivo es determinar en qué medida estos dos casos, como países industrializados tardíos, comparten características similares de movilidad social. Dos preguntas centrales guían nuestro trabajo: 1) ¿Cuáles son los cambios globales en las tasas de movilidad absoluta entre Argentina y España? 2) ¿Cuál ha sido la evolución temporal comparativa de la fuerza de la asociación de clase? Utilizamos como guía dos hipótesis de trabajo: 1) Dados los cambios intergeneracionales en los movimientos laborales de las zonas rurales a las urbanas, más el crecimiento de la clase de servicio, esperamos encontrar un alto grado de movilidad absoluta en ambos países; y 2) siguiendo la literatura internacional, más bien esperamos encontrar una asociación neta estable - controlando los cambios estructurales - de los orígenes y destinos de clase en las cohortes de nacimiento de los varones y variaciones en el caso de las mujeres.

Nachdem politische Entscheidungsmacher:innen 1964 das Anwerbeabkommen zwischen der Türkei und Österreich unterzeichneten, begannen multidirektionale, teils staatlich regulierte, teils selbstständig organisierte Migrationsbewegungen, die vielfältige Effekte auf beide Staaten, vor allem aber auf die involvierten Akteur:innen hatten. Mittels Remittances, d.h. Geldsendungen der Migrant:innen an deren Familien und Verwandten in den Herkunftsorten, teilten die sogenannten „Gastarbeiter:innen“ ihren verdienten Lohn und etablierten dadurch zugleich langanhaltende, dichte, nationalstaatliche Grenzen überwindende Verbindungen und Netzwerke. Dieses Dissertationsprojekt widmet sich der Rolle von Remittances im Kontext der Migration zwischen der Türkei und Österreich von den 1960er Jahren bis heute. Anhand einer Fallanalyse innerhalb des transnationalen Raumes zwischen der Provinz Uşak (Westtürkei) und dem Stubaital (Westösterreich) stehen die Effekte, Funktionen und Bedeutungen von Remittances im Zentrum des Erkenntnisinteresses. Aus der Perspektive der ökonomischen Anthropologie werden Remittances dabei als soziale Praktiken konzeptualisiert, als das Senden, Überbringen und Empfangen von Geld, aber auch von Geschenken, Alltagsobjekten, sozialem und symbolischem Kapital zwischen Herkunfts- und Ankunftsorten. Durch Remittance-Praktiken – so wird in dieser Arbeit argumentiert – erhalten, verstärken und kontrollieren die Akteur:innen (Migrant:innen wie Nicht-Migrant:innen) soziale Beziehungen innerhalb von Familien und bilden dabei transnationale Zugehörigkeiten heraus. Anhand einer „multi-sited ethnography“ (George E. Marcus), die hier auf ein transnationales Setting adaptiert wurde, folgte ich zwischen 2016 und 2020 den Remittance-Akteur:innen, -Objekten, und -Nartativen an deren unterschiedlichen sozialen und geografischen Orte. Die dabei entstandenen ethnografischen Daten – Feldnotizen, Interviewstranskripte und Fotografien – werden in der Analyse mit sozial- und kulturwissens, After political decision-makers signed the recruitment agreement between Turkey and Austria in 1964, multidirectional, partly state-regulated, partly independently initiated migration movements began. These had multi-faceted effects on both states, but above all on the actors involved. By means of remittances, i.e. money sent by migrants to their families and relatives in their places of origin, the so-called “guest workers” shared their wages and at the same time established long-lasting, dense connections and networks that transcended the borders of nation-states. This dissertation project examines to the role of remittances in the context of migration between Turkey and Austria from the 1960s to the present day. Based on a case study within the transnational space between the province of Uşak (Western Turkey) and the Stubai Valley (Western Austria), the effects, functions, and meanings of remittances are at the center of the research interest. From the perspective of economic anthropology, remittances are conceptualized as social practices, as the sending, transmitting, and receiving of money, but also of gifts, everyday objects, social and symbolic capital, circulating between the places of origin and arrival. Through remittance practices – as argued in this dissertation – actors (migrants and non-migrants) maintain, reinforce, and control social relations within families, thereby establishing and negotiating transnational belonging. Using a “multi-sited ethnography” (George E. Marcus), which was adapted here to a transnational setting, I followed the remittance actors, objects, and narratives in their various social and geographical places (“sites”) between 2016 and 2020. The emerging ethnographic data, such as field notes, interview transcripts, and photographs are analytically contextualized in the social science and humanities literature, archival sources, and media discourses. The findings provide deep, multi-sited, and surprising insights into the past and, Claudius Ströhle, Dissertation Universität Innsbruck 2023

Bei diesem Textdokument handelt es sich um eine kumulative Habilitationsschrift aus dem Jahr 2021. Sie umfasst einen 76seitigen Rahmentext sowie 13 Aufsätze, die mit dem integrierenden Rahmentext kontextualisiert und kurz vorgestellt werden. Die Schriftensammlung und der Rahmentext vereinen empirische Analysen und theoretische Diskursbeiträge, die sich mit sozialer Mobilität, spezifisch mit sozialer Aufstiegsmobilität über Bildungsprozesse, auseinandersetzen. Bildung ist mittlerweile zum Motor für die soziale Positionierung in der Gesellschaft avanciert und dient nach meritokratischen Idealen der Legitimation sozialer Ungleichheiten. Sozialer Aufstieg steht daher heute eng mit Bildungsmobilität in Verbindung. Soziale Aufstiegsmobilität über Bildung kann - so wird im Rahmentext und in den Schriften verdeutlicht - nicht isoliert und individualisiert, sondern nur in seinen vielfältigen individuellen, familiären und gesellschaftlich-strukturellen, temporären sowie räumlichen Bedingungskonstellationen und ihren reziproken Zusammenhängen verstanden werden. Auch werden intersektionale Bezüge aufgezeigt. Es handelt sich daher um ein komplexes Zusammenspiel subjektiver Praktiken, Motive und Strategien, sozialen Beziehungskonstellationen und gesellschaftlicher Opportunitätsstrukturen sowie intersektionaler Zusammenhänge. Damit wird sozialtheoretisch an Paradigmen angeschlossen, die in Anlehnung an Pierre Bourdieus Theoriearchitektur die Dichotomie zwischen Subjekt und Struktur aufzubrechen versuchen bzw. diese verbinden. Unterstellt wird dementsprechend, dass sich beim Bildungsaufstieg wechselseitige Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen den Dispositionen und dem Handeln der Subjekte sowie den gesellschaftlichen Strukturen niederschlagen. Gesellschaftliche Leitbilder, strukturelle Möglichkeitsräume und Zugangsbedingungen zu höherer Bildung finden sich demnach auch in den Strategien, Motiven und Narrativen von sozialen Aufsteiger*innen wieder und strukturieren damit wiederum kollekti

Abordar la existencia de unas clases medias negras en Colombia no sólo es difícil sino un aparente contrasentido, un oxímoron, porque la gente negra es imaginada como inevitablemente pobre y de "clase baja". Pero ¿acaso no existen otras experiencias de clase dentro de esta población? Para responder al vacío investigativo sobre este grupo social este libro examina la configuración de las clases medias negras desde finales de los años treinta del siglo xx, a partir de las historias de vida de miembros de tres generaciones de familias originarias de la región del Pacífico y el Caribe que se identifican como parte de esta clase. Esta indagación se hace desde una perspectiva interseccional, que asume que no se puede entender el funcionamiento de las relaciones de poder que dan forma a estas experiencias desde un solo marco explicativo (de clase, género o raza), y que para hacerlo se deben considerar sus mutuas interrelaciones y afectaciones.

Many studies on social mobility use operationalizations of social positions that do not take occupational upgrading into account. In order to estimate social mobility patterns net of occupational upgrading, I propose an operationalization involving administrative data to measure social positions by applying a percentile approach. Based on this measurement I calculate absolute and relative intergenerational mobility patterns. Using this operationalization, I aim to answer the question of how far intergenerational mobility patterns have changed over time in West Germany. Therefore, I analyze the occupational data of 7,416 38- to 42-year-olds born between 1944 and 1978 belonging to the sixth starting cohort of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Compared to previous studies, I observe significantly higher rates of downward mobility. However, I do not find any cohort trends in absolute mobility rates and do not detect any changes in social fluidity patterns. I therefore conclude that there are no cohort trends in absolute or relative intergenerational mobility in West Germany, implying that it is not on its way to becoming a society of downward mobility. In contrast to previous studies, my results indicate high social fluidity and no changes in relative mobility over time. Hence, the picture of a rigid German social structure should be reconsidered.

Observers have noted that New Zealanders are less inequality averse and less in favour of redistribution than one would expect given actual levels of income and wealth inequality in the country. Attempted explanations have been unsatisfying, partly because of a lack of an explicit comparative focus. This paper uses four waves of the World Value Survey (2000-2020) and compares New Zealand views with those of respondents in 18 other high-income OECD states. New Zealanders across the board are indeed outliers, but this is explained by the extensive experience of intergenerational educational mobility of successive NZ cohorts. New Zealanders also believe that their society is characterised by a large degree of equality of opportunity and this overrides any concern that they might have about inequality of outcomes. While there may also be other ideational and institutional factors to consider, a series of hierarchical binomial logit regressions confirm that experiences and perceptions of upward mobility must be part of any explanation of New Zealand idiosyncrasies.

"Critical pedagogy" has become a prevalent grammar furthering the necessity of a change in pedagogy from a banking‐style to problem‐posing approach, which it argues will facilitate students' development of independent values and equip them to lead the liberation of society from authoritarianism into democracy. To achieve this, classrooms need to serve as cultural forums, through which either engaged pedagogy or negotiated authority empowers teachers and students to engage in free dialogues that problematize school textbooks as "cultural politics". This empowerment demands that teachers perform as transformative intellectuals, dedicating themselves to the amelioration of inequity in educational results by reconstructing new texts, making them more accessible to working‐class students. While these theoretical lexicons envision a new perspective for the "educational function", alleviation of the phenomenon of cultural reproduction can only occur if critical pedagogists pay more attention to academic curricula. Student achievements in such curricula, which respond to the demands of the social division of labor, have a profound influence on their potential social mobility.

Jordan and Pakistan are among the countries that host the most refugees worldwide - refugees who come from countries facing protracted conflicts with no end in sight. TRAFIG research at multiple sites in Jordan and urban Pakistan (con ducted before the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021) found that, despite myriad challenges, many refugees are mobile - and they are using this mobility to unlock a range of opportunities. However, the potential benefits of mobility are far from being fully leveraged. This policy brief examines how and why refugees are moving after their initial displacement and suggests how policymakers in the region and elsewhere, in collaboration with humanitarian, development and integration stakeholders, can help Afghans and Syrians tap into outward mobility to improve their upward mobility.

Immigrant children in Europe remain in a position of educational disadvantage. Most studies underscore the role of the parents' education level and their socio-economic status in the educational achievement of their children. This paper adds to the literature by exploring other factors that reduce or contribute to educational inequality among immigrant children. Using research from the United States as a reference point, we specifically examine religiosity as a device for social mobility. Religiosity may be conducive to educational attainment in two ways: (1) religious organizations may provide guidance, support and beneficial social norms that foster the formation of social capital and sanction deviant behaviour; (2) religious participation may induce an internal locus of control that encourages students to focus on learning and resist counterproductive peer influence. Other scholars argue that ethno-religious in-group ties can be a mobility trap when human capital and socio-economic status in an immigrant community is low. Using the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we take a cross-sectional perspective to test these arguments for Christian and Muslim students of immigrant origin living in Germany. Our analyses reveal that religiosity is primarily relevant for Muslims' mathematical test performance. We find that students and parents' religiosity are not necessarily a barrier to good mathematical test performance. Yet our multidimensional measure of religiosity consisting of religious engagement, praying and subjective religiosity allows us to uncover distinct relationships depending on the form of religiosity. Christians' and Muslims' frequency of praying is positively linked to academic performance. Self-rated religiosity, however, is correlated with worse performance. Finally, we find that religious community engagement is related to better academic performance only when the share of co-ethnics in a residential area is low.

Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung von Gender als interdependenter Kategorie in der transnationalen Schule hinsichtlich der Ermöglichung sozialer Mobilität. Die These lautet, dass die schulisch repräsentierten Wissensbestände zu Geschlechterordnungen im transnationalen Gefüge von Internationalisierung und Migration Hinweise auf soziale Mobilitätschancen enthalten, die mithilfe der Schulkulturanalyse rekonstruiert werden können. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich Zuschreibungen aufgrund von Gender mit Konzepten von Ethnizität/Race verbinden und so Möglichkeitsräume sozialer Mobilität entstehen, die über Teilhabe und Ausschluss prozessiert werden., This article examines the importance of gender as an interdependent category in transnational schools with regard to enabling social mobility. The thesis is that a knowledge of those gender orders which are present in schools within the transnational structure of internationalization and migration includes pointers towards opportunities for social mobility that can be reconstructed by analysing school cultures. Drawing on two case studies, we look at how gender-based attributions are combined with concepts of ethnicity/race to create opportunities for social mobility that are processed through participation and exclusion.

Soziale Mobilität wird aktuell vermehrt diskutiert, sowohl im Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Studien als auch auf digitalen Plattformen wie Instagram. Hier sind neue, un(ter)bezahlte Arbeitsorte entstanden, die stark flexibilisiert und prekarisiert sind. Zudem teilen sie eine zentrale Eigenschaft mit anderen feminisierten Tätigkeiten wie jene der Care-Arbeit: Sie ist weitgehend unsichtbar, wobei die Subjekte selbst hypervisibel sind. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand von cyberethnografischem Material Aushandlungsprozesse sozialer Mobilität von Instragram-Influencer*innen, die kritische Bildungsarbeit im Bereich der sozialen Gerechtigkeit leisten. Dabei wurde von der Annahme ausgegangen, dass soziale Mobilität ein wiederkehrendes Thema in Beiträgen dieser Influencer*innen ist, da der soziale Status dieser Arbeit uneindeutig ist. Die explorative Analyse zeigt insbesondere die Bedeutung horizontaler Mobilität für Influencer*innen, wodurch gängige meritokratische Diskurse über eine vertikale Mobilität neu betrachtet werden können., Social mobility has become the focus of increasing debate both in the context of academic studies and on digital platforms such as Instagram. Here, new, un(der)paid workplaces have emerged that are highly flexibilised and precarised. Moreover, these workplaces share a key characteristic with other feminised activities such as care work: they are largely invisible, although the subjects themselves are hypervisible. The article uses cyber-ethnographic material to examine the processes by which social mobility is negotiated by Instagram influencers who do critical educational work in the field of social justice. The assumption is that social mobility is a recurring theme in influencers’ posts because of the ambiguous social status of this work. The explorative analysis in particular shows the importance of horizontal mobility for influencers, allowing us to reconsider common meritocratic discourses on vertical mobility.

In meinem Beitrag setze ich mich mit der Frage auseinander, wie sich soziale Mobilitätsprozesse im Kontext von Migrationsfamilien gestalten. Ich frage, inwieweit Migration mit einem sozialen Mobilitätsprozess einhergeht und in welchem Zusammenhang dieser mit den familialen Generations- und Geschlechterverhältnissen steht. Dabei diskutiere ich familiale, soziale Mobilitätserfahrungen unter der Berücksichtigung von intergenerationalen Binnendynamiken sowie deren mögliche vergeschlechtlichte Ausprägungen anhand von zwei biografischen Fallvignetten. Ich beziehe mich dabei auf empirisches Material aus meiner Forschung zu Bildungsbiografien von Studierenden mit Migrationsgeschichte. Es handelt sich um eine qualitativrekonstruktive Studie, die sich aus einer biografieanalytischen, habitussensiblen Perspektive mit den Erzählungen von Universitätsstudierenden auseinandersetzt. Theoretisch verknüpfe ich in meiner Diskussion intersektionale und biografische Perspektiven mit sozialer Mobilität und Migration, Adoleszenz und Generationenverhältnissen., In my article I discuss how social mobility processes take place in migrant families. I focus on the relationship between migration and social mobility and how that, in turn, is linked to generational and gender relations. With the help of two biographical case study vignettes, I take a close look at the narrations of experiences of social mobility and their intergenerational and gendered dynamics. I draw on empirical material from a qualitative, biographical and habitus-sensitive study on the educational biographies of students enrolled in higher education. In my discussion I refer to theories of gender and intersectionality, biography, social mobility and migration, generation and adolescence.

Anhand von zwei Spiel- und einem Dokumentarfilm setzt sich der Beitrag mit der filmischen Inszenierung sozialer Im/Mobilität auseinander. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die These, dass das meritokratische Versprechen eines sozialen Aufstiegs durch Leistung im Kino der Gegenwart irritiert und auf unterschiedliche Weise hinterfragt und problematisiert wird. Nicht nur die Inhalte der Filme, sondern auch die formale Gestaltung weisen ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen linearen, narrativen Verläufen und szenischen Gefügen auf, das wir anhand der Filme Parasite (Südkorea 2019, Regie: Bong Joon-ho,), Hillbilly Elegy (USA 2020, Regie: Ron Howard) und Jetzt oder Morgen? (Österreich 2020, Regie: Lisa Weber) untersuchen. Methodisch lässt sich der Beitrag von den affekttheoretischen Thesen der Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaftlerin Lauren Berlants anleiten, die sie in ihrem 2011 erschienenen Buch Cruel Optimism entwickelt hat., Based on two feature films and a documentary, Parasite (South Korea 2019, Bong Joon-ho), Hillbilly Elegy (USA 2020, Ron Howard), and Jetzt oder Morgen? (Austria 2020, Lisa Weber), this article examines the cinematic staging of social im/mobility. The underlying thesis is that the meritocratic promise of social advancement through achievement is disrupted, called into question and problematized in contemporary cinema in different ways. Not only the content of these films but also their formal design points to a tension between linear, narrative progressions and scenic structures. The article applies the affect-theoretical approach which the cultural and literary scholar Lauren Berlant developed in her book Cruel Optimism from 2011.

Ausgangspunkt der Sichtung von Theoretisierungen, Befunden und Erfahrungen zum Zusammenhang von sozialer Mobilität und biografischen Konstruktionen ist die These, dass sich mit der Prekarisierung und der Transnationalisierung von Lebensführungen in westeuropäischen Gesellschaften die Konzepte von sozialer Mobilität und Biografie substanziell verschieben. Im Beitrag werden aktuelle Forschungen zu transnationalen Biografien und Fluchtmigration aufgegriffen, um Impulse aus den raumzeitlichen Konstellationen der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft für den Zusammenhang von sozialer Mobilität und Biografie aufzunehmen. Schauplatz aktueller Verhandlungen um soziale Mobilität ist auch die Universität, an der heterogen situierte Studierende mit ihren Fragestellungen universitäre Methodenausbildung herausfordern und neu ausrichten., This review of theorizations, findings and experiences about the connection between social mobility and biographical constructions is based on the thesis that the concepts of social mobility and biography are shifting substantially with the increasing precarization and transnationalization of lifestyles in Western European societies. The article takes up current research on transnational biographies and forced migration in order to then incorporate new ideas on the spatiotemporal constellations of postmigrant societies in relation to the link between social mobility and biography. Social mobility is currently also being negotiated in higher education, where heterogeneously situated students are challenging and reorienting tertiary-level methodological education through their issues.

Die Studie sollte die Wahrnehmung und das Verständnis von sozialer Gerechtigkeit in Deutschland untersuchen. Dabei standen folgende Forschungsfragen im Mittelpunkt: Was versteht man unter sozialer Gerechtigkeit und woran erkennt man sie? Welche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen leiten dieses Verständnis? Wie schätzt man die eigene soziale Lage und die der Bevölkerung in Deutschland ein? Hat man den Eindruck, dass die soziale Differenzierung zunimmt? Wie schätzt man die soziale Mobilität in Deutschland ein? Wie sieht man die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die soziale Gerechtigkeit? Wie steht man zu Sozialstaat und Sozialleistungen in Deutschland? Für wen soll dieser Sozialstaat vor allem da sein? Welchen Stellenwert haben er und seine Leistungen für das eigene Sicherheitsgefühl? Was will man für dessen weitere Entwicklung: Soll er ausgebaut oder beschnitten werden? Welche sozialpolitischen Maßnahmen der letzten Jahre hat man wahrgenommen und wie bewertet man sie? Wie wird die Sozialpolitik der Bundesregierung insgesamt bewertet?

In this paper, we analyse the intergenerational transmission of economic success in Austria using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2011 dataset (EU-SILC 2011). Starting point of the investigation is a two-step estimation procedure, where we detect a significant positve intergenerational association between the economic situation of the parental household and educational attainments as well as gross hourly wages of their male and female descendants independently. Furthermore, we shed some light on the intergenerational social mobility black box by explaining the direct effect of the income situation of the parental generation on attainable wages of the child generation within the transmission system. It turns out that this effect is significantly underestimated when applying ordinary least squares regressions only, where the perceived socioeconomic status is taken exogenous. Finally, we apply instrumental variable quantile regressions to demonstrate that the direct intergenerational economic association between parents and their descendants is strongest for top earners. Alongside this proceeding, we introduce an alternative way to think about the impact of a bundle of additional intergenerational transmission channels like cognitive ability, noncognitive personal traits, and aspects of physical appearance on an empirical level. Overall, the findings of the paper, where special attention is paid to migrants, offer a better understanding on the intergenerational transmission of economic success mechanism and to what extent this process influences income persistence between generations.

Social mobility is a central topic of interest within sociology and whilst it has been theoretically linked to spatial mobility, there is still little empirical research on the interplay between the two. Using a subsample of highly educated family migrants from a German mixed-methods project, this study qualitatively analyses the impact of geographical mobility on objective social position and on its subjective perception. Six qualitative interviews are analysed and supplemented with descriptive quantitative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to firstly, reconstruct the spatial mobility trajectories of the individuals and secondly, determine their social position in Germany and ascertain whether they experienced occupational downgrading. These two analyses are integrated to explore how respondents experienced their change in social position. Across the board, respondents migrated as young adults, before or shortly after labour market entry. Five of the participants experienced occupational downgrading. Strikingly, this objective downgrading, whilst acknowledged, was not perceived negatively. The participants constructed a narrative that employed three legitimation strategies to cast their current social position in a positive light: (1) emphasising the rights, stability and security that they experience in Germany, (2) drawing attention to the economic improvement that they experienced and (3) displaying an inner attitude that is marked by modest life aspirations and a high regard for leisure time. By drawing on multinational frames of reference and thus drawing comparisons between their home country and Germany, participants highlighted the experienced benefits.

We study the relationship between inter-class inequality and intergenerational class mobility across 39 countries. Previous research on the relationship between economic inequality and class mobility remains inconclusive, as studies have confounded intra- with between-class economic inequalities. We propose that between-class inequality across multiple dimensions accounts for the inverse relationship between inequality and mobility: the larger the resource distance between classes, the less likely it is that mobility from one to the other will occur. We consider inequality in terms of between-class differences in three areas—education, wages, and income—and in a composite measure. Building on sociological mobility theory, we argue that cross-country variation in mobility results, in part, from families adapting to different levels of between-class inequality. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find a negative correlation between inter-class inequality and social fluidity, with between-class inequality being a better predictor of mobility chances than conventional distributional measures. We also find that the resource distance between classes is negatively related to the strength of their intergenerational association for some off-diagonal origin and destination (OD) class combinations.

Migrants' self-assessments refer to their perceptions of social mobility and positioning. These assessments are often ambivalent and counterintuitive for observers. To overcome contradictory first impressions, we propose a comprehensive approach to migrants’ self-assessments that goes beyond the opposition between objective and subjective social mobility and links the transnational context, various social spheres, actors' migratory projects, and their reflexivity. The empirical materials in this article draw on two studies on Chinese migrants in France and confront the trajectories and viewpoints of undocumented migrants and international students. Beyond the differences between their experiences and their legal, economic, and social statuses in France and China, we highlight several common points: First, both groups considered migration a lever to improve their social status. Second, their evaluations link their regions of origin and destination as well as various social spheres. Third, in a transnational context, many factors at different scales influence migrants' subjective self-assessments of the success or failure of their migration. The migrants' assessments can vary according to their emphasis on professional, personal, or family trajectories, or on their choice of reference groups. They are shaped by the complexity of translations of status from one country to another and by rapid social transformation in China. Thus, many interviewees estimate that they are simultaneously in situations of social progression and regression.

This article investigates social and spatial changes in the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2011. The main question is whether social polarisation - and the contraction of intermediate occupational categories - unevenly developed across the city is related to the changing of segregation patterns during the examined period. We established that the working-class moved towards the middle and the middle-class moved towards the top, but the relative position of both parts did not change in the overall socio-spatial hierarchy. The broad types of socio-spatial change in Athens (driven by professionalisation, proletarianisation or polarisation) were eventually related to different spatial imprints in the city’s social geography. Broad trends identified in other cities, like the centralisation of higher occupations and the peripheralisation of poverty, were not at all present here. In Athens, changes between 1991 and 2011 can be summarised by (1) the relative stability and upward social movement of the traditional working-class and their surrounding areas, accounting for almost half of the city, (2) the expansion of traditional bourgeois strongholds to neighbouring formerly socially mixed areas - 25% of the city - and their conversion to more homogeneous middle-class neighbourhoods through professionalisation, (3) the proletarianisation of 10% of the city following a course of perpetual decline in parts of the central municipality and (4) the polarisation and increased social mix of the traditional bourgeois strongholds related to the considerable inflow of poor migrants working for upper-middle-class households.

Recent evidence suggests that popular disaffection with liberal-democratic norms and institutions has been growing in different regions of the world, but studying the social origins of democratic versus authoritarian political preferences are especially relevant in countries with immature democratic practices. The main concern of this article is the association between intergenerational social mobility and support for democracy in post-socialist societies. I present a theoretical framework in which individuals’ political attitudes are affected by their intergenerational social mobility experiences. I model this theoretical argument using two complementary data-sets and various multivariable and multilevel statistical techniques. The results indicate that intergenerational social mobility, particularly its subjective perception, has statistically significant links with attitudes towards democracy and that this association is moderated by the attained level of democracy in the country where an individual resides. This may suggest that studying social origins of support for democracy by means of intergenerational social mobility can be an important tool to understand the conundrum of democratisation and democratic backsliding in post-socialist societies.

How does spatial mobility influence social mobility and vice versa? Often, the ‘objective’ structural positions on the one hand, and the ‘subjective’ definition of social positions on the other hand, are not considered together. Yet this is necessary in order to gauge the consequences of mobility trajectories reaching across borders. This framing editorial asks how we can study the interplay of perceptions of one’s own social position and one’s objective social position to better understand how spatial mobility influences social mobility and vice versa. In short, this means an exploration of the nexus of spatial mobility and social mobility. Exploring that nexus requires attention to objective social positions, subjective social positioning strategies, transnational approaches to the study of social positions and self-positioning, and social boundary theory. Overall, the complexity of the nexus between social and spatial mobilities calls for a multifaceted research approach that covers various levels of analysis. Some of the contributions feature a mixed-methods approach that allows drawing a multifaceted picture of the interrelation between the perceptions of social positions and their structural features.

This working paper is based on empirical research on translocal figurations of displacement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It contains methodological reflections, central findings, and reflections on these findings. Drawing on the conceptual framework that was developed in TRAFIG working paper 1, this paper explores TRAFIG's central question: "How are protractedness, dependency and vulnerability related to the factors of local and translocal connectivity and mobility, and, in turn, how can connectivity and mobility be utilised to enhance the self-reliance and strengthen the resilience of displaced people?" The paper presents findings from the east of the DRC, where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) seek refuge in host communities. Findings show that prior connections with members in the host communities are usually within the domestic sphere and are important drivers for people's decision to flee to a specific place. In rebuilding their lives in displacement - and hence in their efforts to move out of protracted displacement and to become integrated - these contacts are often key to set in motion a 'chain of connectivity' that opens up new opportunities: One contact helps them to get in touch with the next contact. For IDPS, it is not so much the number of their connections that are important but the quality of these connections. A small number of vertical connections with socio-economically more powerful and/or betterintegrated contacts can sometimes be more helpful than a large number of horizontal connections with people that are in equally vulnerable positions. When IDPs use mobility as an asset to become integrated, this mobility is mostly used to free resources in the community of origin and to capitalise on these resources in the new environment. In this way, rural resources become part of people's urban livelihood strategies. By introducing these resources in the city and thereby drawing on their translocal connections, IDPs enrich the

Emerging Adulthood ist von Arnett (2000) als eine Lebensphase der Selbstfindung und der Instabilität zwischen der Adoleszenz und dem Erwachsenenalter vorgeschlagen worden. Auf der Grundlage einer Fallstudie fragen wir in diesem Beitrag, wie transnationale Migrationserfahrungen diese Phase beeinflussen. Gleichzeitig reflektieren wir, inwiefern das Konzept der Emerging Adulthood im Kontext von Jugend, transnationaler Migration und sozialer Benachteiligung angemessen ist. Arnetts Konzept betrachten wir eher als ein Narrativ, das zentrale gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen artikuliert. Auf diese Weise eignet es sich als sensibilisierendes Konzept, um Verhältnisse zu beschreiben, die diesen Erwartungen verletzen., Emerging adulthood has been proposed by Arnett (2000) as an extended period of exploration and instability between adolescence and adulthood. Based on a case study, we ask how transnational migration experiences influence this period. In parallel, we also reflect on the adequacy of the concept of emerging adulthood for the study of youth and transnational migration in conditions of social disadvantage. We regard Arnett’s concept as a narrative that articulates central social expectations. As such, it can serve as a sensitizing concept to describe conditions that violate these expectations.

Research on the consequences of social mobility usually draws on information about categorical origin and destination variables as well as an outcome variable. The author shows an example of a heatmap created in Stata to visualize the relationship between social mobility and poor self-rated health in Germany and discusses the advantages of this heatmap approach to other visualization approaches.