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In this article, I discuss the presence of ancient coins in the works of the Jesuit scholar Silvestro Pietrasanta (1590–1647). I focus primarily on the treatise De symbolis heroicis. First, however, I present the author's profile and review his writings. Then I discuss the relationship of ancient numismatics to emblematics and its place in the set of universal symbols. The article primarily discusses the second book of De symbolis heroicis , where Pietrasanta presents coins, mainly Roman, as carriers of individual symbols related to coats of arms and impresas. The author categorizes the coins into distinct groups based on the iconography depicted on their surface. The Jesuit scholar identifies two principal categories of monuments. The initial group evokes the past through the portrayal of a family's progenitor or commemoration of a distinguished ancestor's achievements. The subsequent group encompasses representations that foreshadow future events and are predominantly propagandistic in nature. Pietrasanta treats Roman coins from the republican and imperial periods separately. With regard to the latter group, he demonstrates a particular interest in the monuments associated with Christian iconography. For the author, ancient coins served as a pedagogical tool for moral education. They provide visual evidence of virtue and significant accomplishments, thereby bearing resemblance to pre-heraldic symbols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘na:tigo:ti’, ‘relationship’ is a drama written by ‘Jaychand Dalavi’ in Marathi language. It was published in the year 1991. The entire play is about the intricacies of the relationship all the main characters have with Bachchu, the mentally retarded boy. Each one of them chows hope on the curing of the illness. The story and conversations are so fantastically written that the readers will understand and feel for the characters. Each one cares for each other and take into consideration their partners’ feelings and thoughts and opinions, etc. These decide what kind of relationship and sympathy they had, which are well established in the drama. The drama is well-scripted and the dialogues expressed and executed so nicely that it truly engages the readers very much. This is what sets apart this drama and the writer. Also a sensitive subject as this is handled so perfectly that the whole drama feels so balanced. The readers also travel with the story and characters till the end. This is the success of the writer. The story is well woven like a beautiful and attractive carpet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article* examines the significance and impact of vernacular symbols with national and ritualistic importance, focusing on their roles in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as the Tibetan crisis. The study asserts that the effectiveness of these symbols in mobilising public sentiment depends on their ability to elicit a diverse range of emotions. It analyses symbols that have garnered global attention, particularly following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and China’s occupation of Tibet in 1959.

(Selected motifs on Italian coins from 1922–1943 as an example of the reception of Roman numismatic motifs. Expressing new content through references to tradition): This text is devoted to the phenomenon of the reception of iconographic motifs appearing on Italian coins from 1922–1943, which have analogies in Roman coinage. Iconographic motifs from Italian coins, despite their stylistic similarity to motifs from Roman coins, contain new elements that change the symbolic content. References to Roman patterns on Italian coins were not accidental and served to create the desired image of the country, which was often different from historical reality.

The aim of the article is to present how Wrocław is represented in movies and television series, especially in terms of showing specific elements of architecture. It is also important how cultural and metaphorical meanings of these spaces and elements can influence interpretation and (which is equally significant) what impact it can have on the viewer. The article also analyzes specific examples and scenes in terms of both plot and form in which the architectural spaces of the city can be a background for action, a manifestation of the fight for freedom or representation of fantastic element from the dystopian future.

Within the framework of the presented research, the question of the manipulative potential of mass culture as a tool of political influence is raised. The methodology of the work is built based on a combination of elements of comparative, structural and descriptive analysis. The author concludes that popular culture products, even if their creators have purely commercial motives, play the role of a tool for promoting meanings and values and, due to this, are a resource for regulating the behavior and perception of the target audience. The latter turns mass culture into a product of the functioning of the orientational level of the political system. The potential of works of popular culture to develop the effect of emotional contagion contributes to the fact that the impact of broadcast content becomes as wide as possible. The high degree of dependence of the content of cultural narratives on the context and the possibility of free commentary contributes to an increase in the options for their interpretation. The result is the loss by authors and customers of works of full control over the dissemination of transmitted meanings and their interpretation.

The origin of life has previously been subject to numerous studies and hypotheses. Typically, related models focus on the emergence of chemical networks such as the RNA world or the Krebs energy cycle. Here, the onset of life is described as a symmetry-breaking kinetic phase transition. The novel symmetry of life is the arbitrariness of code that is fundamental to symbolic information processing, coining all forms of life from the very beginning. Symbols evolved from non-symbolic, structural information of the inanimate physical world. The responsible transition process was discovered a century ago in behavioural biology, regarded as 'ritualisation'. The physical properties of this transition include neutral Lyapunov stability and critical fluctuations in the associated Goldstone modes. As a conceptual model, a hypothetical simple molecular ritualisation process is suggested, along with the emergent semiotics of symbolic information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is a phenomenon that has accompanied humanity since its beginnings and, as such, has generated repercussions in different areas of human activity, both in the territory of arrival and in the migrants' territory of origin. Within the context of mobility, people tend to bring with them various elements that constitute a fundamental part of their identity, one of which is religion. Although religion can be controversial, it is also a potential factor for integration in the new society, since it allows for connection with the territory of origin through known references. At the same time, it promotes the creation of social networks with compatriots with whom they share a history and a certain way of experiencing religion. In this line, we will try to elucidate how religion has helped Venezuelan immigrants to integrate into the country. To carry out this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Venezuelan immigrants attending the Sacramentinos Church -Catholics-, located in the commune of Santiago. As a final aim, this study pretends to contribute to the understanding of religion as a determinant element: in the life of people -particularly migrants-, in society and in historical phenomena in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alex Garland's 2024 film Civil War exemplifies how film can be considered a modern mythology, using a war movie to tell the story of the hero's journey with a mother archetype as the hero. Through an audience's shared morals and values, an impartial point-of-view, symbolism, the Jungian mother archetype, transformational imagery, ethical dilemmas and collective fears, the film functions in the way mythology does while leaving viewers questions for their own lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kembara: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya is the property of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ) is the property of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the intersection of folklore and literature, specifically examining how a methodology developed for interpreting wondertales can be applied to a complex literary corpus, such as Marcel Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). The discussion proposes a case study for the use of allomotifs, or interchangeable motifs, to understand symbolic patterns in Proust's literary work. The paper lays bare a widespread metaphorical field in wondertales, then follows its complications in the Proustian corpus. It suggests that Proust's œuvre, much like folklore, operates within a symbolic universe where binary oppositions, such as good and evil or male and female, are fluid and dynamic. The discussion shows that Proust's literary imagination aligns surprisingly well with the workings of folklore. This hybrid space of the imagination challenges conventional distinctions between folklore and literature, and brings to mind Lévi-Strauss' erstwhile ruminations on the pensée sauvage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the curricula recognize the attitudinal component as a crucial competence for students to develop, the reality is that the integration of this objective with the extensive conceptual content that must be covered needs to be emphasized even more. If this integration is neglected, it may lead to anxiety during the learning process. In the present study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with students to explore their motivations for studying mathematics and the various strategies they employed to cope during the pandemic. These interviews not only revealed the complexity of this integration but also highlighted a context that could be linked to the specific social environment in which the students are immersed.

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Politicae is the property of Studia Politicae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a Semiotic Study of Sarnath Banerjee's Graphic Novels through the lens of Psychology. Sarnath Banerjee, an eminent graphic writer, is known for creating perplexing stories that investigate complex social and social topics. Using semiotic examination, this study analyzes the signs, symbols, and metaphors present in his attempts to unwind the mental elements of the characters and their connections. The investigation dives into the depiction of characters and their prototype portrayals, revealing insight into their inspirations, battles, and mental changes. Through the recognizable proof of repeating symbols and metaphors, the review plans to disclose the more profound implications and close to home effect they carry on perusers' minds. The account design of Banerjee's graphic novels is investigated to evaluate what it means for perusers' mental commitment. The utilization of flashbacks, dream arrangements, and nonlinear narrating is examined for reflecting mental states and feelings inside the narratives potential. Moreover, the examination investigates the social and social editorials inserted inside the novels, looking at their mental ramifications on perusers' points of view and feelings. The subjects of character, memory, injury, selfrevelation, and emotional wellness are broke down, trying to understand their depiction and effect on perusers' mental understanding. The profound commitment of perusers with the graphic novels is explored, taking into account how the fine art, character improvement, and narrating strategies inspire explicit close to home reactions. The review explores how the graphic novels' substance reverberates with perusers and how their mental foundations impact the translations of the works. Eventually, this semiotic investigation offers a more profound understanding of the mental elements of Sarnath Banerjee's graphic novels. By investigating the exchange of signs, symbols, and metaphors, and their mental ramifications on characters and perusers, this examination adds to a more extensive enthusiasm for the mental profundity of graphic stories and their effect on perusers' brains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined the performance of recalling Arabic letters. Some studies suggest that the low recall performance of Arabic letters may be attributed to the inherent visual complexity of Arabic script, while others highlight poor visual attention abilities among Arabic readers.In this context, the presentstudy focuses on investigating immediate memory and the factors influencing its capacity among young Arabic readers. Immediate memory refers to the number of letters an observer can recall in a free recall task. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of exposure time (50, 100, and 200 ms), letter spacing (0.04°, 0.36°, and 1°), and stimulustype (acquired vs. non-acquired). Acquired stimuli consisted of Arabic and Latin letters, whereas non-acquired stimuli included Amazigh letters. It is noteworthy that our participants had no prior exposure to the Amazigh language. The results revealed significant effects of exposure time, letter spacing, and stimulus type on performance in the free recall task. In light of these findings, the study provides a discussion of factors that may account for the low recall performance observed in previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to excavate the archaeological value of the symbols in porcelain during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1580~1710 AD) and provide a reference for modern clothing design, it is necessary to excavate the artistic connotation of porcelain symbols. In this paper, three pieces of Ming and Qing dynasty porcelain excavated in Dongxi kiln in 2015 were used as research objects, using a 4K electron microscope B105 (Shandong, China) and a DONZy 3D scanner K2002 (Guangdong, China) from Shuguang Optics Take the test. First, the depth, pattern, material, and color of the porcelain were observed with a 4K electron microscope, and then the porcelain symbols were extracted with the DONZy 3D scanner. Finally, through the comparison of data and the in-depth classification of patterns, the symbolic meaning, culture and art of porcelain in the Ming and Qing dynasties are summarized, and the influence of porcelain on modern clothing design is analyzed. The results show that the late Ming Dynasty (1580~1644 AD) and the early Qing Dynasty (1644~1710 AD). The porcelain materials of that period were coarse, with relatively light patterns and large metal particles in color. The porcelain symbols are multi-directional, with bold patterns that incorporate dots, lines, and circles. Therefore, the porcelain symbols of the Ming and Qing dynasties not only inherited the pattern drawing characteristics of the official kiln, but also carried out innovation in shape and style, which can provide avant-garde design inspiration for modern clothing design, and have a high non-genetic heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkic Studies Journal is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Makassar Kelong Performance (henceforth abbreviated as MKP) is an oral literary performance presented in the wedding tradition of the Makassar community to convey moral messages. This study aims to narratively and visually highlight the symbolic meaning of the MKP, that represent the values and characteristics of the cultural identity of the Makassar community. Within a qualitative approach, semiotic study was applied to examine the formation of meaning through signs. The research findings emphasized the values representation tied with the MKP’s symbolic meaning, including politeness, sincerity, tenderness, and commitment to the tradition. Additionally, the MKP symbolically portrayed characters of courage, persistence, religiosity, endurance, loyalty, cooperation, and heroism, reflecting the cultural identity of the Makassar community. Symbolic meaning is narratively represented through word forms, tones, music, lights, and sound effects. Furthermore, the visual symbolic meanings of the performance are represented through facial expressions, gestures, attire, movements, costumes, equipment such as rebana, gendang, kecaping, kannong-kannong, bamboo, plates and spoons, fire wicks, and settings. The MKP also has an impact on enhancing the moral values of the Makassar community. This study contributes to the preservation of oral literary traditions and the understanding of local Makassar culture. The contribution offers opportunities to revitalize oral literature and local Makassar culture to ensure their existence.

The study of the influence of literary figures on the poetry of Azad Kashmir shows that there are influences of Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Persian, Arabic, Urdu and other regional languages as well as classical and modern poetry on the literature of Azad Kashmir. There are intellectual and artistic influences on the poetry of Azad Kashmir from to the present period. Some thoughts are prominent, some artistic imitation is visible. There is similar style; there is also the use of similar tone. However, all these influences despite this, the poetry of Azad Kashmir has its own individuality and its own style. Azad Kashmir's poetic capital, while being a part of the poetic tradition of Urdu language, has interesting, unique experiences and individual characteristics in terms of theme, theme, style innovation, new symbols, techniques, untouched and unique creative experiences and many other aspects. Azad Kashmir's own regional symbols and some unique experiences give its distinctive color to the poets of Azad Kashmir. Happily, the influence of movements, ideologies and personalities in the footsteps is less visible in the new generation. The poets of the new generation are actively and diligently engaged in creating their own special point of view, their own tone, their own style, and their own color. In spite of the influence of literary movements, critical schools, literary theories, poetic styles and poet personalities in the poetry of Azad Kashmir, its own color and harmony exist with all the beauty, rather, the colors and styles of the poets of Azad Kashmir are different from those of many other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a recurrent and well documented social phenomenon: the usage of national flags is intensified in periods of social instability and in contexts of marked political polarisation. Through a critical review of theoretical efforts that opened avenues to explain this phenomenon, it identifies the main theoretical barriers that have prevented its convincing explanation. One of these barriers is sustained by theoretical perspectives that disregard the search for causalities in social analysis; another barrier is erected by theoretical decisions that detach the study of the function of political symbols from the the analysis of the morphological base of society, and from social conflict and power struggles. This article argues that the explanation of the intensified usage of flags in periods of instability requires a theorisation of the function of these symbols in relation to processes of recognition and (re) constitution of strucutures of social authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first two centuries of our era constitute a period devoid of sacred images, and this aniconic phase of Christianity was not only determined by the observance of the Old Testament prohibition. The lack of interest of Jesus and the apostles towards the idea of preaching through images, the absence of information about the appearance of Christ, but also the precarious economic situation of the Christian community before the legalization of Christianity, are important factors that must be taken into account when discussing this absence of cultic representations characteristic of the first two Christian centuries. However, despite the initial aniconism, the development of the new cult in the Greco-Roman world, where images of divinities were omnipresent, led to the emergence of a Christian art. The first spaces dedicated to visual representations of the sacred are the catacombs. On the walls of the underground cemeteries, the adherents of the new religion depicted various symbols taken from the funerary repertoire of pagan imagery, which they adapted to acquire Christian significance, the cross, the fish, the vine and the lamb, included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho's works are generally known for inspiring readers and using literary symbols to narrate complex philosophical concepts. Out of the seventeen works of Coelho, By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept describes the conflicts faced by two lovers who are brought together by fate after eleven years. Re-joined, they set out for an excursion together as the issues in their relationship emerge again. Though Coelho explicitly uses water as a literary symbol in the novel, this paper closely analyses how the female characters in the same novel are also symbolised, making them symbols of self-submission. It thereby probes the complexity of the connection between female characters and water as literary symbols within the same context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodism came to Zimbabwe in 1891. The church expanded through Eurocentric theology taught to the locals. As the mission continued to grow the indigenes became part of the Methodist ethos and theology through the contextualisation of the gospel, the localisation of worship, and the indigenisation of leadership, however, the church did not have a visible identity. When the church finally designed its logo in 1987, there was no deliberate effort to explain the meaning and significance of the insignia to its congregants. Coupled with this lack of knowledge, the logo later became the church’s trademark through kitchen utensils with the logo, clothing material, designed in different fashions of women, men, and youth regalia, billboards, and branding of different items and properties. This paper aimed to contribute to Methodist theology and scholarship by providing literature that explains the meaning and significance of the Methodist logo which is represented by a circle, the map of Zimbabwe, the cross, a scallop shell, and a dove. The paper started by presenting the methodology used to gather data. This was followed by a historical development of the logo. The paper also analysed the significance of the logo as a fundraising tool, a form of identity and a quasi-uniform in the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe. In this paper, we argued that the Methodist logo represents the indelible theological insignia that directs its congregants to a deep theology of a church located within the global Wesleyan Methodist and in particular the “connexionality” of Zimbabwe. The paper concluded by forwarding that, logo(s) remain central to the identity of any organisation and members of each organisation need to have an appreciation of their identity and the meaning of their emblems if the organisation has to be theologically impactful to its congregants.

This review provides an overview of the exhibition recently held at the Cooper Hewitt entitled "Give Me a Sign: The Language of Symbols." The exhibit coincides with the 50th anniversary of the seminal book, Symbol Sourcebook by Henry Dreyfuss, which proposed standardized symbols in order to create an international shared visual language. The exhibit focuses on symbols and iconography which are particularly relevant to the fields of wayfinding, urbans signs, and visual communication.

Folk heritage is one of the types of heritage arts, especially the symbol, as it is one of the most important features of folk art, and heritage is that heritage that carries the thought and culture of society in previous eras and must be preserved, understood and formulated with acontemporary artistic vision. Contemporary technical dialogue adds a modern artistic vision to business. The symbol is one of the most important features of folk art, so we rarely find a popular artwork except that the symbol in it relates to a topic in the life of the popular artist, his customs, traditions and society so the researcher believes that it requires the practice of experimentation to combine the aesthetics of textile and added fabric using the remaining fabrics and threads in order to reveal the relationships and the artistic and aesthetic capabilities of that common relationship. Except by using experimentation in art that presents different unfamiliar alternatives and solutions to reach aspects and solutions of a different aesthetic nature The current research seeks to understand and deepen the folk symbols and formulate them in innovative ways to add a kind of renewal not only in the form of the woven, but we see it in the philosophical content of the textile work, where we see it with a contemporary plastic vision based on the spirit of heritage and does not stop at the limit of imitation and repetition, but seeks to find a different template that departs from Borders of the Ordinary seeks to adapt the thought of folklore into contemporary textiles that combine texture and added texture.

The research aims to analyze the gap between teachers' and students' understanding of language literacy and mathematical symbols. The study was designed with a concurrent triangulation strategy. The research respondents consisted of 20 teachers and 120 class VII students. Data collection through questionnaires, interviews, and cognitive tests. Qualitative data was analyzed descriptively, and quantitative data was analyzed inferentially. The results of the analysis of quantitative data show that there is a linear (significant) relationship between understanding language and mathematical symbols and mathematical literacy skills. The results of the qualitative data analysis describe that the teacher's understanding of language and mathematical symbols (high criterion) does not necessarily support the students' understanding of language and mathematical symbols. We confirm the suspicion that there is a gap in the ability of teachers and students to understand language and mathematical symbols. Students need to improve their understanding of mathematical language and symbols. The pattern of errors is based on the teacher's conception of learning in the previous class, so the process of transitioning the teacher's knowledge to students' understanding of mathematics experiences obstacles. The implication is that the process of transitioning meaning from mathematical symbols to written and spoken language must be carried out when the teacher introduces or teaches new topics to students, and the context in which mathematical symbols are used must be followed by clarification.

The main objective of the study of semiotic theory provides a framework for understanding how humans use signs to make sense of their environment. Semiotic theory holds that signs do not convey meaning that is inherent in the object being represented. Semiotics is a method of studying communication that focuses on all types of communication rather than just spoken or written language. Semiotics, also known as Sign, is any object that can communicate meaning to a sign interpreter. The meaning could be intentional or accidental. The sign may also convey feelings that are reflected on the mind by any of these senses, such as visual, tactile, auditory, imaginary, and others. Signs and sign processes, symbolism, metaphor, indication, designation, and communication are all relevant subjects to explore as well as investigate the systems of nonverbal communication. The logical dimension of visuals as semiotics will be the focus of this paper.

Modern Russian youth as a whole significantly differs from those of older generations in their values and behavioral disposition, which, in conjunction with internal heterogeneity, has a significant impact on the strategy of working with it. In connection therewith, the purpose of the research presented was the value and semantic analysis of one of the meaning-forming concepts of the person’s political representations system - the concept of the state on the basis of the political and psychological approach. The results of an all-Russian representative survey of young people aged 14-30 conducted during the autumn, 2022 served as an empirical basis for the study (sample size: 2,500). A research question was posed: what are the meanings of the idea and value of the state in the minds of modern youth? As hypotheses, the assumptions were formulated that the modern Russian youth is characterized by paternalistic orientations traditionally characteristic of the national political culture. At the same time, ideas about the state are contradictory, reflect traditional, historically established axiological interpretations and modern meanings. The overall result of the study was the conclusion about the ambivalent and unclear nature of ideas about the Russian state, with positive characteristics dominating. The attitude of young people to the state is utilitarian in nature: it is perceived as a source of benefits, responsible to citizens, they are expected to take care, protect and ensure order. At the same time, young people often do not endow themselves with responsibility to the state and society. In the minds of young people, the state is associated with such concepts as land, people and culture. At the same time, the “Russian land” is not simply perceived as a territory, but as an independent value in the context of identifying an individual with people and its culture. This interpretation has deep historical value and semantic roots. It can be judged as a modern actualization of the notions of «Russian Land» and «Russian State» noted by historians in the Russian political culture.

Analysing Julian Barnes’s postmodernist novel, Flaubert’s Parrot, this essay shows that the past is exposed as a story and a palimpsest. We demonstrate that in Julian Barnes’s novel, the past is rewritten as a story with various truths about Flaubert’s identity and biography. The past is presented through a series of symbols, being a palimpsestic construct open to our analysis and understanding. The concepts of historical truth, the past, the present, the writer’s voice are approached in a postmodernist manner and are nothing but a palimpsest.

This article examines the range of strategies adopted by various states vis-à-vis the symbols of the Russian war against Ukraine—the St. George ribbon and the letters Z and V. First, it analyzes their genealogy, illustrating how the St. George ribbon reflects Russia’s new authoritarian-imperial identity, while the Z and V originate from ultranationalist Telegram communities promoting white supremacist and genocidal ideas. Second, the concept of semiotic resistance is proposed to explain how states and societies counter Russia’s pro-war narratives by implementing diverse semiotic strategies. Finally, the in-depth analysis of the identity politics accompanying the symbolic ban in Moldova reveals how competing definitions of nationhood lead to divergent assessments of Russia’s war narratives. The dispute over the St. George ribbon in Moldova is embedded in longstanding domestic culture wars, fought in the legal-political domain as well as in urban spaces.

There are many sources that architects rely on as an intellectual impetus for their inspiration in architecture concepts and projects design. One of the most influential sources is the metaphysical legacies of previous civilizations and religions that shape ideas and conscience and influence the conception of the architecture design ideas. This paper aims to discuss the impact of the metaphysical content of the Jewish religion on the architecture of the Jewish Museum in Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that studies the primary principles of the world. Its branches are based on ontology, which studies the nature and levels of existence, cosmology, which studies the universe and its components, and theology, which studies the existence and nature of God. Metaphysics is linked to the collective memory of peoples through religions, belief systems, stories, and sacred legends. It often tells a reality or a fantasy from which man derives his visions and perceptions of the (absolute) God, the universe and existence that form his cultural background and metaphysical motives. In order to monitor the impact of metaphysics and its branches as an intellectual impulse in the formation of the architecture of the Jewish Museum in Berlin. The paper will follow an analytical methodology to study the expressive and figurative vocabulary of the museum, based on semiology, which depends on the translation of physical forms and symbols, as well as on the philosophy of interpretation to extrapolate the impact and the reflection of the metaphysics of Judaism on vocabulary and the form of the building. This paper will adopt Ferdinand de Saussure's model of differentiation which has two basic principles: (1) that linguistic evolution occurs through successive changes made to specific linguistic elements; and (2) that these changes each belong to a specific area, which they affect either wholly or partially. Ferdinand De Saussure called Semiology a Theory of Signs. What he meant by the word "Signs" is anything that refers to something indirectly or is a reminder of it. That could be through reading text, gesture, form, photo, or a building. "Sign is something, anything, which "Stands for" or reminds us of something else".

The research titled (Cultural Symbols in Graffiti art between Iraq and Italy - A Comparative Study) deals with the diversity of cultural symbols, their metaphors, and methods of expressing them for each people and is divided into four chapters. The first represents the methodological framework and includes the research problem, its importance, purpose, limits, and definition of terms. The second includes the theoretical framework and includes three topics: an intellectual introduction to culture and its relationships, the historical and conceptual root of Graffiti art, and the symbolic representations of culture in Graffiti art. The third chapter included research procedures and analysis of its sample, which included three drawings from each country. The researcher concluded a number of results such as. 1. Cultural symbols In Iraqi Graffiti art are characterized by specific metaphors and are limited to concrete isolation walls. While in Rome Cultural symbols are subject to a wide field of reference and are spread throughout most of the city’s spaces. 2. Most cultural symbols In Iraqi Graffiti art are characterized by iconic shapes and descriptive colors. While in Rome Most of the symbols are written and symbolic forms and conventional colors based on the concept of difference, breaking expectations, and achieving shock. 3. Cultural symbols In Iraqi Graffiti art establish decorative formations that perform a recreational function that do not reveal awareness of the cultural role of the system. While in Rome Cultural symbols establish aesthetic formations that perform a cultural expressive function and are aware of the cultural role of the system. Which were discussed and conclusions drawn.

The recitations inherited from the Prophet Muhammad to his companions have evolved over time to become a branch of knowledge along with the works written later. From the early periods of recitation education, recitation practice has been fundamental, and works related to the field have also been utilized. In both past and present recitation education, the methods of recitation and memorization are emphasized, and instruction is carried out by learning from a proficient teacher. Written works on recitations assist in the systematic and comprehensive study of this field. When we look at the primary works used in recitation education, we can see that the use of symbols, especially related to the imams, holds a significant place. Hence, the use of symbols in the science of recitations stands out as distinct from other sciences within the Islamic scholarly tradition. In this research, symbols used in recitation education are examined within the context of foundational works. Firstly, after evaluating the historical process of recitation education in general, the various methods developed within recitation education are discussed, and the utilization of symbols in the works central to this education is investigated. The presentation of symbols used in recitation education is approached holistically by determining how these symbols are integrated into the works used in recitation education, whether there are any unique applications present or not. Therefore, a systematic presentation of the symbols used in recitation education is made in order to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Descriptive methods are employed in the research to examine the symbols used in recitation education through the works at-Taysîr, Ḥirz al-Amānī, Tayyiba al-nashr and Zubda al-‘Irfan, revealing similarities and differences in symbols among these books. It is concluded that the use of symbols in the science of recitations began with al-Shatibî and diversified with Ibn al Jazari. Though there are similar symbols, different symbols are also utilized, indicating a transition from letter and word symbols related to the imams to those associated with concepts used in education over time. The use of symbols is prevalent in works on authentic recitations used in recitation education, as well as in some works discussing shaz qira’ats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hitherto no therapeutic has received regulatory approval for the treatment of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Cognitive deficits, mood symptoms and significant reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are highly replicated and debilitating aspects of PCC. We sought to determine the impact of vortioxetine on the foregoing symptoms and HRQoL in persons living with PCC. An 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adults ≥ 18 years of age residing in Canada and who are experiencing symptoms of World Health Organization (WHO)-defined PCC, with a history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, was conducted. Recruitment began November 2021 and ended January 2023. Of the 200 participants enrolled (487 invited: 121 ineligible and 59 eligible but declined participation; 307 cleared pre-screening stage), a total of 149 participants were randomized (1:1) to receive either vortioxetine (5–20 mg, n = 75) or placebo (n = 74) daily for 8 weeks of double-blind treatment (i.e. end point). The primary outcome was the change from baseline-to-end point in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Secondary outcomes included the effect on depressive symptoms and HRQoL, as measured by changes from baseline-to-end point on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 16-item and WHO Wellbeing Scale 5-item, respectively. A total of 68 (90.7%) participants randomized to vortioxetine and 73 (98.6%) participants randomized to placebo completed all 8 weeks. Between-group analysis did not show a significant difference in the overall change in cognitive function [ P = 0.361, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.179, 0.492)]. However, in the fully adjusted model, a significant treatment × time interaction was observed in favour of vortioxetine treatment with baseline c-reactive protein (CRP) as a moderator (P = 0.012). In addition, a significant improvement in Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores were observed in vortioxetine versus placebo treated participants in those whose baseline CRP was above the mean (P = 0.045). Moreover, significant improvement was obtained in measures of depressive symptoms [ P < 0.001, 95% CI (−4.378, −2.323)] and HRQoL [ P < 0.001, 95% CI (2.297, 4.647)] in vortioxetine-treated participants and between the treatment groups [depressive symptoms: P = 0.026, 95% CI (−2.847, −0.185); HRQoL: P = 0.004, 95% CI (0.774, 3.938)]. Although vortioxetine did not improve cognitive function in the unadjusted model, when adjusting for CRP, a significant pro-cognitive effect was observed; antidepressant effects and improvement in HRQoL in this debilitating disorder were also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woodcarving motifs, including Negeri Sembilan, are significant in Malaysian art, bearing ancient knowledge and latent meanings. However, the understanding of Malay woodcarving motifs in Kuala Pilah is relatively limited compared to the east coast. The urgency to study these motifs intensifies as urbanization rapidly changes the landscape, representing not only woodcarvers' skills but also profound cultural symbolism. This paper aims to interpret the meanings within these motifs in traditional Malay houses in Kuala Pilah, employing qualitative methods such as observation, interviews, photographic records, and secondary data analysis alongside Ferdinand de Saussure's Semiotics Theory for analysis. The cultural and social significance embedded in these motifs is unveiled through signifier and signified analysis. The results revealed the presence of various motifs encompassing geometry, fauna, flora, and still life. The study also uncovered that each motif plays a pivotal role in conveying the cultural and social values of the Malay people in Negeri Sembilan and enhances our understanding of the traditional art form of woodcarving amidst contemporary transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss Dante's conception of theology and rational thinking through a reading of the cantos of the Heaven of the Sun. I address the hermeneutical challenge of understanding the meaning of the peace which Dante identifies as the main feature of divine science, and I do so by employing liturgical hermeneutics, a methodological approach characteristic of the celebration of Mass. This hermeneutical approach looks simultaneously at the constative content of a text and its performative dimension and emphasises the importance of not concealing but taking into account the unavoidable personal dimension of any hermeneutical or intellectual activity. In this way, I challenge the conclusion that the reconciliation of the Wise Spirits is merely and only a textual reality and therefore a beautiful, poetic lie, and I instead show how Dante's poetic depiction has serious implications for our use and understanding of rational thought. His representation does not rest on the application of the principle of non-contradiction as the ultimate foundation of reality and rational thinking: in Dante's Paradiso, this abstract principle is replaced by a living reality, and the inner life of the Trinity is shown as being the true foundation for any possible knowledge and reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rudolf Smend's constitutional theory, developed in the context of the Weimar Republic crisis, sought to address and resolve the challenges of that time. The integration concept he articulated in his theory assumes the unity of the political community around a set of shared values, embraced by individuals from a conviction of their validity. The underlying objective of this approach was to find a pathway out of the political conflicts that hindered the stabilization of the German state. However, Smend's theory surpassed its initial purpose, leaving behind interesting points of reflection that can now serve as valuable tools for interpreting contemporary reality. The article aims to identify in the jurisprudence of the Spanish Constitutional Court some of Smend's ideas particularly those related to the process of material integration facilitated by national symbols, language, rights, and the notion of a community bound by shared values. The ultimate goal is to assess the strength of this jurisprudence and consider whether it allows us to speak of its quality as a tool for integration". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the distinct marriage customs of two Hindu Bengali communities in West Bengal: the Brahmins and the Poundra-Kshatriyas. It delves into the rituals, actions, and symbols integral to the marriage processes of these groups in Kolkata. The Brahmins, at the top of the caste hierarchy, have specific marriage rituals that affirm their caste status. In contrast, the Poundra-Kshatriyas, who are at the lower end of the hierarchy, follow different practices. The study compares these rituals and the significance of various traditional actions and changes, drawing on memoir interviews, genealogies, and case histories. It interprets these actions within the context of traditional activities, local terminology, rituals, beliefs, and marriage symbols. The research indicates that the observed differences in marriage customs between the two communities are historically rooted and reflect their social interactions and the material and symbolic aspects of their relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the need for liturgical formation that Pope Francis recently highlighted for the whole Catholic Church in his apostolic letter Desiderio Desideravi. The current American Eucharistic Revival encourages engagement in this. Based on a detailed spiritual–liturgical reading of the Emmaus account (Lk 24:13–35), the article develops guiding principles for liturgical catechesis and considers their practical applications with a particular focus on families. The first principle underscores the connection between liturgy and life, which makes catechesis relevant for daily life, e.g., by including testimonies of parents. A second principle outlines the pivotal importance of symbols and suggests methods to enhance their understanding. Fostering active participation in the liturgy, the third principle, is a practical consequence because the celebration itself forms the participants. Moreover, liturgical catechesis connects explanation and experience, as the mystagogical catecheses of the Church fathers demonstrated. Along with Pope Francis, this article also highlights Sunday as a gift and discusses ways of integrating families in the Sunday Eucharist. Finally, the last principles shed light on the task of the priest as the "catechist of catechists". This article both explains the biblical basis of these principles and outlines practical ways to implement liturgical catechesis for families in parishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how Ménestrier's theorizing on emblems developed from his practice as devisor of decorative schemes and festivals, as indeed did that of fellow Jesuits. It explains his concern for developing a theoretical framework (whereas fellow Jesuits usually published collections of emblems with little theory) in terms of the influence exerted by his Jesuit training in Aristotelian philosophy and Thomist theology and the example set by the (ex-)Jesuit theorist Emanuele Tesauro. It puts Ménestrier's theory and practice of emblems within the context of his more general concern for "erudite," or symbolic, images and how he conceived such images, in general, operate on humans. In conclusion, I suggest how this understanding of such images' potential within the context of Catholic renewal affects how Ménestrier understands the purpose and creation of emblems. This article is part of the special issue of the Journal of Jesuit Studies on Jesuit emblems and emblematic edited by Walter S. Melion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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