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In modern society, children actively engage with social media platforms, and Ghana is not an exception to this trend. People have, however, placed an excessive amount of focus on the negative implications of using social media, which has overshadowed the positive effects that it has on children. This study examines the use of social media by children, including their preferred platforms, as well as the positive and negative consequences associated with their usage. This was a cross-sectional study that employed convenient and snowball sampling procedures for data collection and analysis. The study was conducted on 400 children aged 8 to 17 in Tema. The Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) is the study's underlying theory. The association between demographic characteristics and correlates of social media usage was examined using bivariate analysis, whereas the qualitative data analysis was guided by thematic analysis. The results show that 87.5% of children have ever used social media, with males being more likely than females to have done so (91.7% vs. 83.5%). The main reason social media platforms are used by children (87%) is for entertainment. TikTok has the highest usage percentage, making up 88.7% of all platforms, according to the findings. Some benefits of social media include communication, entertainment, and resources for creativity, research, and academic work. Also, the detrimental consequences of social media usage comprise exposure to sexually explicit material, addiction in children, and diminished academic achievement in children who become too engrossed in its usage. The study demonstrated that social media is widely used among children in Ghana. TikTok is the most popular social media platform among children, and it is their preferred platform. Parents are urged to encourage their children to use social media platforms for beneficial purposes, and media industry stakeholders should develop and implement initiatives to increase the benefits of social media for children. Regulation and supervision are necessary to mitigate the adverse consequences of children's social media usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Muqaddimāt is one of Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī's famous works of aqīdah. However, the themes and issues of debate contained in the work are seen to be very different from other works of aqīdah. This is because the debates of ilāhiyyāt, nubūwwāt and samiyyāt which are the main debates of faith are not specifically discussed in it. Thus, this article was produced to look in depth at the main themes and issues found in al-Muqaddimāt in addition to highlighting the relationship between the work and other religious works as well as its role in religious studies. The objectives and discussions highlighted through this article are: [i] introduction to al-Muqaddimāt; [ii] themes and issues of faith debate in al-Muqaddimāt; and [iii] the role and importance of al-Muqaddimāt in the study of faith. The writing of this article is based on a qualitative study with the method of content analysis of al-Muqaddimāt along with its description entitled Shar al-Muqaddimāt which is also the work of al-Sanūsī. In addition, the works of other scholars related to the discussion are also seen to strengthen the analysis. Preliminary findings found that al-Muqaddimāt along with its description is one of al-Sanūsī's five main aqīdah works called al-Silsilah al-Aqdiyyah al-Sanūsiyyah (chain of aqīdah works of al-Sanūsī). It acts as an introduction to works of Aqīdah and Īlm Kalam based on the understanding of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt in depth is seen as a catalyst for understanding the true faith through other works. Therefore, understanding the aqīdah through other works is very dependent on understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt first because of its role as an introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of e-waste recycling activities on the prevalence of metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and a metalloid (As) in soil was assessed for four e-waste sites in Ghana. Samples of top- and subsoil were collected from dismantling and burning sections, and the prevalence and the distribution of selected metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of the metals analyzed were above the background concentrations except for Cd, which was detected at a comparable level to the background levels. Levels of Cu and Pb increased with increasing soil depth. Cd, Zn, As, and Ni levels decreased with increasing soil depth. However, Hg levels showed no recognizable trend in its distribution relative to soil depth. The pollution indices evaluated revealed deterioration of the soil quality at the e-waste sites. Pollution indices are used to categorize soil pollution levels based on cut-off values. Geo-accumulation indices suggested that the soil was very highly polluted with Pb, highly polluted with Cu, and moderately polluted with As, Hg, Cd, and Zn. The enrichment factor values indicated that soil from the studied sites was very highly enriched with Pb (i.e., EF of 9.60 to 63.14; median being 28.51) and significantly enriched with Cu and Hg (i.e., EF of 3.09 to 21.86; median 7.72 for Cu and EF of 1.48 to 25.5; median 10.57 for Hg). The contamination factor analysis revealed very high contamination of soils with Pb. The metals Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cd, and Hg exhibited moderate to considerable contamination. This study is part of the continuous effort to assist policymakers with scientific information needed to influence policy decisions on environmental management in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En un article recent, Xavier Villalba adverteix que algunes de les errades de puntuació freqüents en català són causades per una mala comprensió de l’estructura gramatical de la llengua pròpia (i no tant per un dèficit en l’assimilació de la norma, com es pressuposa sovint). Es fixa en les vacil·lacions en l’ús de la coma en els casos en què hi ha dislocacions o focalitzacions i conclou que, tot i que la norma és poc sistemàtica i imprecisa en molts punts, molts dels usos no normatius en la llengua escrita no poden explicar-se per aquesta causa, ja que es reprodueixen també allà on la norma és clara i unívoca. Amb la intenció de millorar la comprensió gramatical d’aquestes estructures, Villalba proposa una sèrie d’orientacions per a l’elaboració de materials didàctics destinats a treballar aquest fenomen en l’ensenyament secundari, fonamentades en la reflexió metagramatical de l’alumnat basada en la seva pròpia competència lingüística i comunicativa. A partir de la seva proposta, hem dissenyat una seqüència didàctica adaptada a la realitat de les aules de secundària catalanes, que contempla, a més, les interferències lingüístiques i les diferències normatives entre català i castellà.

Encara que les obres acadèmiques insisteixen que el valor de la puntuació és principalment organitzatiu i només marginalment una codificació d’aspectes fonètics, en l’àmbit de l’estructura informativa trobem un exemple paradigmàtic de l’ús de la puntuació per codificar l’entonació. No obstant això, a diferència de les marques de la modalitat interrogativa, imperativa o exclamativa, la codificació del tema o el focus no té un signe específic, sinó que fa servir la coma, cosa que provoca confusions. En aquest article repasso les principals funcions informatives del català i les construccions que les codifiquen com a pas previ per entendre el paper de la puntuació en el seu marcatge ortogràfic. A partir d’aquesta descripció, avanço una proposta d’organització dels continguts a l’aula que faci més eficient no només la puntuació, sinó la comprensió global dels fenòmens implicats.

This paper focuses on publications by Karel Hausenblas on questions surrounding literature and literary texts. Hausenblas is one of the classics of Czech linguistic bohemistics, but he also published numerous articles of significance to the study of literature. This overview describes the main areas of Hausenblas's literary explorations: His conception of style as a principle that integrates all levels of texts into a dynamic unit proved to be adequate to the complex structure of literary works. He analyzed the use of language in the works of various Czech writers and explored the semantic, thematic and communication structures in literature. He also dealt with the features of poetry and with the problems of literary translation. Karel Hausenblas's legacy, combining theoretical elements with thorough analyses, still deserves interest and inspires us to follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A referência à guerra nos meios de comunicação social dominou o último ano, não só para detalhar os avanços e recuos militares, mas também para mostrar o papel dos vários intervenientes. Em 2022, irrompeu uma guerra na Europa e, nesse período, uma figura em particular ganhou relevo: falamos do Presidente da Ucrânia, Volodymyr Zelensky. A imprensa em geral tem um verdadeiro poder nas suas mãos, uma vez que decide o que é relevante, o que é novidade, o que deve ser relatado (Charaudeau, 2013). Tem ainda a capacidade de povoar o imaginário dos leitores com algumas figuras políticas através do que é dito e do modo de dizer. A distribuição da informação pode condicionar a interpretação do leitor, pois, como referia Ducrot (2001), um enunciado inclui mais do que uma mera descrição da situação. Considerando o papel da imprensa na construção de representações sociais, este artigo propõe-se a analisar a materialidade linguística de títulos noticiosos publicados em três jornais portugueses, recolhidos entre fevereiro e setembro de 2022, para observar como é retratado Zelensky. A escolha dos títulos deve-se à sua função comunicativa, já que, enquanto primeiro (e, por vezes, o único) contacto do leitor com a notícia, constitui um sumário (van Dijk, 1985) dos eventos atuais. Neste trabalho, identificam-se os elementos temáticos (TEMA e REMA) e analisam-se os itens lexicais presentes no REMA que contribuem para a construção de uma imagem de Zelensky. Os dados revelam que a referência a Zelenksy surge, maioritariamente, na posição de TEMA, o que parece natural tendo em conta a sua importância no conflito e a sua presença constante nas notícias. Sobre este, apresentam-se diversos dados novos que potenciam a criação de diferentes imagens, nomeadamente honestidade, autoridade ou crítica.

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Este estudo objetiva investigar a presença do léxico especializado (LE) nas construções dos temas propostos para o desenvolvimento da redação do ENEM, considerando as possíveis delimitações apresentadas pelos textos de apoio em referência à terminologia utilizada. Assim, o trabalho toma por base os preceitos teóricos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT) e, como corpus de análise, contempla três propostas de redação do ENEM, de diferentes temáticas, correspondentes aos anos de 1999, 2009 e 2020, cuja leitura preliminar nos possibilitou a verificação da presença do léxico de especialidade em suas composições. Os resultados indicam que, uma vez utilizados na formulação dos temas, os termos, pertencentes a diferentes áreas do conhecimento, são mobilizados, por uma questão linguístico-pragmática dos enunciados temáticos, para a redação e retomados, por meio dos textos de apoio, levando-nos a crer que seus produtores: (i) preveem as possíveis dificuldades interpretativas, por parte do público-alvo, ao se deparar com tais terminologias e, consequentemente, pelo provável déficit de leitura que caracteriza uma parcela dos participantes; e (ii) promovem a acessibilidade textual, o que poderá resultar em menos dificuldades na tessitura da redação solicitada pelo Exame aos seus interlocutores. Diante desses dados, os estudos instigam a continuidade desta investigação, já que a acessibilidade textual ainda se configura em uma temática que necessita de aprofundamentos, considerando, sobretudo, o contexto de formação do aluno na Educação Básica.

Weddings in various cultures mark both a beginning and an end, similar to birth and death. This ceremony is a stage of life and has created unique practices and oral literary texts in every culture. Bashkirs also have bridal ballads called senglevs, that tell about the bride’s sadness at being separated from her family and are sung on the wedding day. These folk songs have been preserved in the archive of Bashkir State University and were compiled from four regions of Bashkortostan (Burzyanzky, Khaybullinsky, Kugarchinsky-ZianchurinskyBaymaksky, and Salavatsky) between 1957-1969. Nine of the 18 bridal ballads had been compiled from the Salavatsky district. These bridal ballads have talk about the bride’s pain at leaving her family, longing for her childhood, and complaining to her father. This study explains the features of the Bashkir bridal ballads and shares etymological opinions regarding the word senglev. Basically, the article thematically studies the vocabulary of the bridal song lyrics and identified 15 themes: topography/geography/time, family, colors, animals, food, body, numbers, goods, clothes, abstract/concept, onomastics, plants, religion, society, metals/minerals, and home. The study also presents opinions, comments, and analyses regarding the words from these themes. The bride ballads are created and performed by women and reflect the world of Bashkir women in terms of vocabulary. The themes of geography/time, family, and animals occur more frequently than other themes, with the themes of minerals, foods, and religions occurring the least. The Bashkir bridal ballads consist of about 286 words, including some words and morphemes that are not found in dialectical dictionaries or monographies. Transcriptions and Turkish translations of the bridal texts are added at the end of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente estudio se centra en una forma particular de oscurecer la información: situar en posición temática sujetos no agentes. El hecho de adjudicar a sustantivos inanimados un verbo de acción proporciona indefensión al receptor, que considera el hecho inevitable si se oculta al agente que la realiza. A ello se suman otros verbos con sujetos no agentivos, con que se oscurece al que de una u otra manera controla el proceso. Esta estrategia se debe a que la información que se coloca en posición temática se da por presupuesta y no tiende a cuestionarse. Por eso, es susceptible a albergar no sólo datos que no son realmente compartidos, sino también los que pueden resultar polémicos o hasta falsos (Núñez y Teso, 1996). De ahí que quepa suponer que la posición temática se presta también a la ocultación o incluso a la manipulación informativa, y más cuando acoge sujetos no agentivos. Buscando investigar cómo funciona esta estrategia, se examinan diversas muestras de la prensa española, dando prioridad a los titulares, y se presta especial atención a aquellos fenómenos que afectan seriamente a la situación económica de la población, que son los que se muestran especialmente propensos a tal ocultación. En el análisis, se siguen las pautas del análisis crítico del discurso, de la pragmática y de las aportaciones hechas desde la gramática funcional del español de la escuela alarquiana de Oviedo sobre la división informativa entre tema y rema (Fernández Lorences, 2010 ; Gutiérrez Ordóñez, 1997).

O presente artigo analisa as inter-relações entre o tema e as memórias que tecem as narrativas orais cantadas pelos mestres urbanos de Carimbó e narrativas contadas repercutidas no município de Belém do Pará e catalogadas no acervo IFNOPAP-O imaginário das formas narrativas orais populares da Amazônia paraense. Compreendendo-se o tema da narrativa como o conjunto de motivos que se relacionam na teia narrativa para a construção e transmissão de um conteúdo, a memória permeia e alinhava a tessitura da narrativa, ressignificando valores, ideologias e transmitindo conhecimentos plurais. Afinal, quais memórias subjazem às narrativas contadas hoje pelo indivíduo urbano e/ou em ambiente urbano? Como as memórias social e individual se manifestam nas narrativas cantadas e contadas? As narrativas orais contadas presentes nesse artigo foram pré-selecionadas do banco de dados do acervo e as narrativas cantadas foram catalogadas em pesquisa de campo no município de Belém do Pará, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com três (3) mestres urbanos de Carimbó, para perceber o tanto quanto possível da intensa relação de suas experiências com o ritmo do Carimbó. A partir desta investigação, foram estabelecidos diálogos com as narrativas contadas, cujos temas e memórias ora persistem, ora se interseccionam pelas recriações nas narrativas.

Muitos trabalhos em história da filosofia, eminentemente em história da filosofia medieval, são marcados por uma oposição metodológica entre três abordagens: a ênfase na estrutura interna de um pensamento; a ênfase na investigação de um tema ou conceito; a ênfase na inserção de um pensamento em seu contexto histórico-filosófico. No entanto, é possível defender a aproximação dessas três abordagens, e mesmo a combinação delas, em vista de um ganho de inteligibilidade dos pensamentos estudados. É o que pretende o presente artigo, procurando apontar para a artificialidade da oposição entre as três abordagens e defendendo um modelo comunicacional que a supere. Recebido: 30/12/2019 Aceito: 30/12/2019

Küreselleşme çağı olarak adlandırılan günümüzde, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) toplumları şekillendiren temel etmen olarak görülmektedir. Sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerini temel görev olarak benimseyen vakıflar da, bir STK olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Türkiye’de, imajıyla farklılık yaratan vakıf sayısı oldukça azdır. Olumlu imaj, vakfın doğru algılanmasına topluma sağladığı faydanın anlaşılmasına ve beklentilere karşılık verebilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. İmaj yaratmada, vakıf lideri önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir lider olarak Hayrettin Karaca ile TEMA Vakfı’nın imajı arasında bir ilişkinin varlığını belirlemek ve bir lider olarak TEMA Vakfı’nın imajı üzerindeki etkisini ölçmektir. Araştırmada kullanılan anket formunun linki katılımcıların Facebook hesaplarına gönderilmiştir ve anket formu 354 kişi tarafından cevaplanmıştır. Çalışmada amaca uygun olarak lider ile vakıf imajı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Liderin vakıf imajı üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek için de regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, lider ile kurum imajı arasında bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar ayrıca liderin TEMA’nın kurum imajı üzerinde bir etkisi olduğunu da göstermektedir.

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Bu çalışmanın amacı, Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinleri, tür ve tema açısından incelemektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde söz konusu kitaplarda hangi tema ve metin türlerine yer verildiği tespit edilmiş ve metin türlerinin kullanım sıklığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında, 2018 Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan zorunlu temalara ders kitaplarında yer verilip verilmediği, seçmeli temalar ile metin türlerinin hangilerine yer verildiği, hangilerine yer verilmediği, metin türlerinin temalara ve kitabın tamamına dengeli bir şekilde dağılıp dağılmadığına da bakılmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma materyalini, 2019-2020 Eğitim ve Öğretim Yılı’nda Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarında okutulan Türkçe ders kitapları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler betimsel analizle çözümlenmiş, sıklık açısından değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu Türkçe ders kitaplarının tür ve tema açısından zengin olduğu, kitaplarda zorunlu temaların yanı sıra birçok seçmeli temanın da yer aldığı, ancak Vatandaşlık, Duygular ve Hak ve Özgürlükler temalarına hiçbir sınıf düzeyinde yer verilmediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca Program’da olan bazı türlere ders kitaplarında yer verilmediği, bazılarına ise çok az sayıda yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir.

In this paper, we analyze two short stories from contemporary Brazilian literature, Rubem Fonseca's "O outro" and Geovani Martins' "Espiral", in order to investigate whether the theme of the double appears in both narratives, how this supposed construction takes place and what it is capable of yielding in interpretive terms. We consider the hypothesis that the composition of the theme of the double in the referred short stories is, in fact, perceptible, is mobilized by persecutory relationships, of a negative nature, between the first-person narrators and secondary characters within each plot and allows us to observe, among other things, the unveiling of socioeconomic disparities, literarily (re)constituted in the narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Študija razloži značilnosti poezije ci 詞 in na primeru enega najpomembnejših pesnikov oblike ci iz dinastije Song (960–1279), Su Shija 蘇軾 (1037–1101), in njegovih petnajst pesmi, ki jih je napesnil na melodijo ・・Mesečina na Zahodni reki・・, razišče njegovo inovativnost pri širjenju tematike v obliki ci s pristopom našanja elementov poezije shi 詩 v poezijo ci (以詩為詞). Teh petnajst Su Shijevih pesmi, ki jih je iz kitajščine prepesnila avtorica študije, kaže tematsko pestrost, ki je poezija ci pred Su Shijem ni poznala. Tako v tradicionalnih kot inovativnih pesmih Su Shi širi tematiko s pomočjo aluzij, sposojanjem elementov iz literarnih, zgodovinskih, filozofskih del in z ustvarjanjem asociacij na zgodbe, dogodke in osebe iz zgodovine, mitologije in literature.

Over time, the effective resistance mechanisms to various first- and secondline drugs against the disease of tuberculosis make its treatment extremely difficult. This work presents a new approach to synthesizing a hybrid of antituberculosis medications: isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA). The synthesis was performed using ultrasoundassisted synthesis to obtain an overall yield of 70%, minimizing the reaction time from 7 to 1 h. The evaluation of the biological activity of the hybrid (compound 2) was tested using the tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA), showing inhibition in the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv at a concentration of 0.025 mM at pH 6.0 and 6.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esse ensaio tem por objetivos: recolher alguns traços a partir dos quais gostaríamos de pensar um construtivismo em Paulo Freire, e; pensar a dinâmica de seu método a partir da noção de dramatização. Trata-se de uma leitura que percorre a obra do autor de maneira transversal, a partir de questões e problemas presentes nessa obra, as quais são importantes para o desenvolvimento de uma educação pensada como uma prática da liberdade e voltada para a construção de uma sociedade democrática. Partirmos da noção de inacabamento do ser humano, considerado por Paulo Freire como um dos núcleos fundamentais onde se sustenta o processo de educação; procuramos pensar alguns aspectos da relação entre vida (existência), conhecimento e pensamento em sua obra; utilizamos a noção de dramatização para pensar a dinâmica de seu método, assim como, a inter-relação entre a dimensão estética, política e cognitiva das práticas educacionais.

Günümüzün değişen şartlarına rağmen toplumda derin iz bırakan ve kültür aktarımını sağlayıp gelecek kuşaklara yön veren değerler, bireylerin sahip çıkması gereken en temel manevi unsurların başında gelmektedir. Bireylerin değerleri kazanması sürecinin önemli bir kısmını okul yaşantısı oluşturmaktadır. Milli kültürümüzün temel yapı taşlarından olan kök değerlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu programın uygulayıcısı olan ders kitapları ve metinler aracılığıyla kazanılmaktadır. Bireylerin temalarda yer alan bu değerleri davranışlarına yansıtabilmeleri için öncelikle değerlerin farkına varıp içselleştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Böylece birey davranışlarını yönlendirerek kişiliğini sosyal, duygusal, bilişsel ve ahlaki yönden geliştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Millî Eğitim Bakanlığımızın hazırladığı 6. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabı’nda yer alan temalardaki metinlerin kök değerlerini tespit etmek ve bu değerlerin metinlerle ilişkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma metodolojisine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini, MEB Ortaokul ve İmam-Hatip Ortaokulu 6. Sınıf Ortaokul Türkçe Ders Kitabı’ndaki 8 tema içerisinden 24 okuma metni ve 8 dinleme metni olmak üzere toplam 32 metin (belge/doküman) oluşturmaktadır. Serbest okuma metinleri, kapsam dışı tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların temalarda yer alan metinlerdeki değerleri kazanmasında edebi eserlerin rolüne değinilmiş ve bu bağlamda Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerin seçimine gösterilmesi gereken özenin önemi vurgulanmıştır.

In the communication between Chinese and Western ocean literature, variation caused by factors such as cultural traits, conventional atmosphere or translators occurs ineluctably. By teasing out typical themes in Chinese and Western ocean literature, this article adopts the theory of variation study of comparative literature to discuss how themes change and how they are represented when Western ocean literature spreads to China. It also explores the cultural traditions, tastes and aesthetic preferences behind analysis of the cause of variation. On this account, we can reveal the mutual influence, mutual loan and their exchange of each other’s needs.

En la lingüística quechua, poco se ha explorado el tema de la ‘gramática funcional’. En tal sentido, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar un repaso sobre la gramática funcional del quechua; es decir, explora, muestra y explica las funciones comunicativas y pragmáticas de tópico/comento, soporte/aporte y el fenómeno de focalización en los enunciados quechuas, se consideraron treinta y dos enunciados en lengua quechua. El método empleado es el deductivo–hipotético; pues se parte de la teoría conocida y se termina en el ejemplo específico: enunciados quechuas. Como resultado se tiene que, en el quechua, el tópico es marcado por los sufijos –qa y –ri, y los focalizadores o marcadores de relieve son los sufijos –pas, –mi, –lla (n), –ña, –ta (n), –paq, –pi (n), –wan; entre otros. Y la conclusión primordial es que, desde el punto de vista de la gramática funcional, el quechua es una lengua en la que es posible encontrar unidades lingüísticas con función de soporte/aporte y tópico/comento, de manera muy frecuente y notoria. Asimismo, el quechua se puede tipificar como una lengua con tópico no gramaticalizado y con sujeto conocido, al igual que en el español. Estos resultados se pueden aplicar en el aprendizaje – enseñanza del idioma quechua para que los estudiantes puedan focalizar y localizar sus enunciados con propiedad lingüística.

Este texto tem por objetivo problematizar a relevância do tema na atividade de pesquisa, mais especificamente, na construção da metodologia. As Ciências Humanas e Sociais são ciências discursivas e a voz dos interlocutores - o pesquisador e a criança - têm ocupado a centralidade na construção metodológica. A proposta deste texto é ampliar esse debate deslocando o foco para um terceiro elemento crucial na constituição dessa alteridade e que, muitas vezes, é pensado de forma apartada da metodologia: o tema. A problematização é feita a partir da análise de cinco pesquisas do campo interdisciplinar dos estudos da infância e assenta-se na filosofia da Linguagem de Walter Benjamin e do círculo de Mikhail Bakhtin e Valentin Volochnov.

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Implementasi Kurikulum Tematik Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia telah mengubah fokus pembelajaran dari pembelajaran berfokus pada bidang studi secara terpisah bergeser pada tema dengan beragam kompetensi terpadu (1). Sejalan dengan pendapat Dewey bahwa pendidik perlu menciptakan kegitan kelas yang mengikuti prinsip prinsip keterlanjutan dan keterpaduan (2). Dalam pembelajaran tematik, konten (kompetensi dasar) bidang studi yang relevan terintegrasi dalam pembelajaran tematik. Keterpaduan kompetensi tersebut menunjukkan keterkaitan tema, sub-tema (topik) dan beragam fakta atau informasi (3). Koherensi ketiganya akan memperkuat pemahaman siswa (4). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa koherensi siliabi tematik Sekolah Dasar. Fokus analisis dibatasi pada tema terkait binatang dan tumbuhan. Disain penelitian adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dokumen silabi tematik terpadu Kelas I,II, dan III. Instrumen pengumpulan data lembar observasi. Metode analisis adalah Analisis semantik yang fokus pada relasi makna hypernymy dan hyponymy. Hasil analisis menunjukkan koherensi global silabi tematik mendekati sempurna dengan ambiguitas sekitar 12% terkait relevansi dan skop konteks. Sedangkan koherensi lokal mencapai 90% dengan ambiguitas 10%.

Çağdaş Arap edebiyatının ilk dönemlerinin önemli edebiyatçı ve tarihçilerinden olan Corci Zeydan, yazdığı birçok tarihi roman ile Arap milli uyanışına önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Sahip olduğu yenilikçi bakış açısını, hem tarih hem de edebiyat alanında kaleme aldığı eserlerine belirgin bir şekilde yansıtmıştır. Bu tarihi romanlarından biri olan İstibdâdu’l-Memalik’te, 18. Yy. sonlarında Mısır’da, küçük bir ailenin başından geçen dramatik bir ayrılış öyküsünü zulüm, haksızlık ve hasret ana temasıyla işlemiştir. Romanda dönemin siyasal, kültürel ve dini hayatına da referanslarda bulunmuştur. Bu makalede roman, tema ve yapı bakımından tahlil edilecek, ayrıca dil, üslup ve anlatılış yönleriyle incelenecektir. Roman tekniği açısından öne çıkan yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır

The Methodology Dwells on the Topic: childhood and culture in research1. The following text discusses the relevance of the subject in the research activity, specifically when the construction of a methodology is concerned considering that Human and Social Studies are indeed discursive science and the interlocutors' voices - researcher and child - have been central to methodological construction. The text purpose is to broaden such debate, shifting the focus to a third crucial element in this otherness constitution that, very often, is considered apart from the methodology: the topic. The discussion is made from the analysis of five researches in the interdisciplinary field of childhood studies and based on philosophy of the language by Walter Benjamin and also Mikhail Bakhtin and Valentin Volochnov's circle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borders and dimensions of child literature has been an unsolved problem currently. In spite of different argues about this discipline, child literature has been accepted a discipline scientifically. However, researches and evaluations for children publications ethics has been continued and their values are argued. For emotional dimensions children are diffrent from adults. Because of this reason analysing these dimensions completely is impossible. From this point, analyse about children development are very important for us. Particularly, we have to evaluate and analyze children novels about real life. Argues about children novels have to read by children evaluating in terms of current criters. By the way, these criters hasn't been accepted completely in terms of scientifical way. Thus, we have to choose a common way for evaluation. Accordingly all the novels have to re-evaluate in terms of this common criters. Novels are appreciated by readers from now on. Especially, before the millennium, children love novels and cartoons lack of television and Internet. In these days, children have not interested in novels because of technology. Children novels have to be evaluate in terms of common features, themes, stylistic features and levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of On the W@terfront is the property of University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca POLIS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HUM: Journal of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Mostar is the property of University of Mostar, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Holmes exists is false. How can this be, when there is no one for the sentence to misdescribe? Part of the answer is that a sentence's topic depends on context. The king of France is bald, normally unevaluable, is false qua description of the bald people. Likewise Holmes exists is false qua description of the things that exist; it misdescribes those things as having Holmes among them. This does not explain, though, how Holmes does not exist differs in cognitive content from, say, Vulcan does not exist. Our answer builds on an observation of Kripke's: even if Holmes exists, he is not in this room, for we were all born too late. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is generally seen as a necessary rule in human life to make social activities successful. From the perspective of speech, languages are used for a variety of purposes such as giving thoughts, communicating, disseminating ideologies and influencing the public. Effective speeches typically have a compromise of orderly information through a pattern of informational compilation as a theme and rheme. The use of theme and rheme allows the verses in a paragraph to be well organized until the sequence of information is smoothly delivered and independent. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the type of pattern of information arrangement and clarify its usage in the 2019 Budget speech text. The data of the speech text in Malay language was downloaded by the researchers through the official portal of the Ministry of Finance Malaysia (MOF) on March 25th, 2019 - http://www.treasury.gov.my/pdf/bajet/ucapan/ub19.pdf. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative method. The theory of the thematic progression that Danes (1974) inspired was used throughout the research process. Based on the results of the study, there are four types of information ordering patterns used by the speaker, namely, linear thematic (zig-zag), perpetual theme tematic, thematic theme from hypertheme and thematic theme from detailed breakdown rheme. The collaboration of all four patterns of information shows that these patterns play a role in creating contextual, structured and easy-to-read 2019 Budget speech text. In this way, the pattern of structured information is able to structure a logical and systematic flow of information dissemination by the speaker to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Umru al-Qais was figure, even an icon in arabic literature in the Pre-Islamic Era (Jahiliyah) be sides al-Nabighah al-Dzubyani, Zuhair ibn Abu Sulma. Antarah ibn Saddad, and others. His compilation of poems wich is written in Diwan Umru al-Qais comprises of 3 Qasidah : the first Qasidah has 91 verses with the total of 221 verses. the theme wich is brought forward by Umru al-Qais in his Diwan are al-risa (elegy or sadness), al-ghazl (romance), al wasf (description) and al-hikmah (advice). THe themes used the rythm of bahr tawil as the bahr character is accurate and appropriate in revealing "serious" themes.

Abstrak Selain isu-isu makro tentang bangsa, masalah-masalah mikro dalam kehidupan keluarga juga banyak diangkat menjadi latar sekaligus tema cerita oleh kalangan cerpenis negeri serumpun Asia Tenggara, yaitu Singapura, Malaysia, Brunei, dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik dan kompromi antaranggota keluarga dalam karya cerpenis negeri serumpun. Data diambil dari cerpen karya penulis negeri serumpun yang terkumpul dalam antologi Matahari di Nusantara (2010) yang diterbitkan oleh Majelis Sastera Asia Tenggara (Mastera). Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode pustaka dan teknik catat, sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis kritis interpretatif dengan teori intertekstualitas. Hasil pembahasaan menunjukkan bahwa tema yang sama dalam antologi cerpen Matahari di Nusantara memberikan gambaran tentang pentingnya kedudukan keluarga sebagai institusi pendidikan anak, penanaman adat, dan tradisi pengembangan diri di masyarakat. Konflik dan kompromi dalam keluarga yang disuguhkan dalam cerpen tersebut dibiarkan menggantung sehingga pembaca tertantang untuk menemukan maknanya.

Compound usnic acid (1), isolated from lichen Evernia prunastri (Cajamarca-Peru) and the synthesis and characterization of its acyl-hydrazone (2), from the condensation reaction between usnic acid and isoniazid in an ethanol solution under reflux, giving an overall yield of 95%, were evaluated. Both compounds were evaluated and compared with isoniazid according to its anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity based on the tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA). Compound 1 had MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) value of 16.0 μg/mL in each test of H37Rv (susceptible type), TB DM 97 (resistant wild type) and MDR DM 1098 (multi drug resistances type) strains. In similar tests, compound 2 MIC values were 2.0, 64.0 and 64.0 μg/mL respectively.

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a pedagogia psicodramática como um método facilitador na escolha do tema monográfico. Para isso, foram utilizados o método científico da pesquisa-ação e o estudo de caso, tendo a pedagogia psicodramática como método didático e a fenomenologia existencial como método filosófico. A aplicabilidade aconteceu no primeiro encontro de orientação de monografia. Foi possível perceber que a aluna/orientanda não apenas identificou o tema, mas também desenvolveu a espontaneidade e a criatividade na construção da monografia.

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)