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The financial position is a concept that is very used in the specialized literature. It is estimated starting from the entity’s wealth, captured in terms of the balance sheet, currently called the statement of assets, debts and shareholders’ equity. The analysis of the financial position is based on various indicators emphasizing various aspects with regard to the company, like the structure of its resources and the way in which they are used, its capacity to comply with the current obligations in due time on account of the own allocations or the safety margin that is set up at its level, usable as working capital within the cycle of exploitation, either by circulating in the form of stocks and receivables or by maintaining as available backup funds. The article hereby aims to focus on a comparative approach of the analysis of the financial position corresponding to a Romanian company, on the one hand, and to a Moldavian one, on the other hand. The two entities carry out their activity in the same sector, the sweets industry, being extremely suggestive for the economic environments they are part of.

The current paper aims to analyse whether there is a causal relationship between institutions and trade between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union after the signing of the Association Agreement. On the one hand, the existing theory of institutionalism points out that better quality of institutions leads to a significant increase in trade, thus countries with the same level of institutions tend to trade more and also trade might produce institutional change. On the other hand, some scholars emphasise that institutions are hard to change, thus trade liberalisation is ideal and trade will produce institutional change. Based on mixed methods analyses of reports, data and survey this paper concludes that there is no causality between institutions and trade taking into account the relationship between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union. Notwithstanding, institutions are important and influence commercial flows. This research is relevant to the extent that the European Union wants to strengthen its strategy towards Eastern countries especially the Republic of Moldova.

Although the Soviet Union education sys- tem and its principles do not exist anymore, many parents and grandparents still regret that they cannot train their descendants in higher educa- tion institutions of a soviet-style and the labour market of both Moldova and Israel stimulate these aspirations. In this research, the author tries to find out current problems of Higher Education and suggest some solutions for solving them. The research is based on intensive study of literature, articles and scientific papers on the labour market in Israel and the Republic of Moldova, trying to compare the ratio between the educational supply of higher education and the demand of the labour market in both countries, to reveal problems and propose some possible solu- tions, based on international experience.

In recent years, tourism products and services have been oriented to offer more experiences than those of classical leisure activities for tourists. More, the COVID-19 pandemic drew a new trend in travel: the tourists are now oriented to internal offers rather than the external ones, to rural regions instead of urban ones. Romania and Moldova are two well-known international countries that are both producers and exporters of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) wine. The aim of the paper is to analyze (qualitative and quantitative) the motivation of tourists from Romania and Moldova for wine tourism, to model the motivation according to the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and the specific elements for travel (accommodation, frequencies of visit, average stay). For quantitative analysis, an online questionnaire by convenience sampling was used to collect the data, and statistical methods were used for analysis. Even if these countries have cultural similarities, our results indicate statistically significant different motivations and different profiles of wine tourists. By using a co-occurrence link between the terms from WoS and Scopus scientific articles with VOSviewer software, our results indicate a link between wine tourism, rural and festivals tourism, and cultural heritage. Our research fills a gap in the literature, being the first comparative research on wine tourism in Romania and Moldova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the premises, causes, content, and impact of the 1992 war to defend the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, the effect of the Moldovan-Russian Agreement of 21.07.1992 on the principles of peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of Moldova. The paper presents the chronology of historical and geopolitical events related to Bessarabia, annexed in 1812 by the Russian Empire, occupied by the Red Army of the USSR according to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of August 1939, subject to armed rebellion in 1990-1992, period of disintegration. of the Soviet Union and the self-determination of the Republic of Moldova as a sovereign and independent state. The author refers to the political-legal processes of becoming a sovereign and independent state of the Republic of Moldova, as well as to establishing a criminal, anti-national and separatist regime in the eastern districts of the Republic, supported by the 14th Army of the Russian Federation - the real war against the constitutional order of the Republic of Moldova.

Working as a history teacher in two gymnasiums in Orhei District and also as a PhD student, in the field of History at the University “Valahia” of Târgoviște (Romania) I had the opportunity to discover the epic of history textbooks. Recently, the scientific concerns are directly related to the study of history textbooks in the Republic of Moldova and Romania, the concepts of war and peace in the historical educational ensemble and cultural, national, European and universal values. Recent personal publications highlight elements of natural, cultural and ethnocultural heritage emanating from all history textbooks. My research and articles are focused on similarities and differences of history curricula on both banks of the Prut and the reform of historical education in these countries with a special focus on the development, production and dissemination of history textbooks.

The separatist conflict in the eastern districts of the Republic of Moldova – the premises and sources that fueled it, the events it has provoked over the years, the 1992 war and other various related topics generate diverse and contradictory narratives among interested political actors. The rhetoric of Chisinau, Tiraspol and the Kremlin denotes opposed visions and positions. While in Chisinau officials talk about the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, internationally recognized in 1991, in Moscow and on the left bank of the Nistru they make arguments to justify the actions undertaken by Tiraspol separatists over the past three decades to create and consolidate the so-called Transnistrian „statehood” – existing de facto, but not recognized by anyone internationally.

The process of transition from the unipolar world order, with the centre of power in Washington, to the multipolar one – with several centres of power, was determined by the emergence of some states, which assert themselves as new geopolitical poles in the architecture of world security. They are China, which is the main economic challenge to the USA, Russia, which, although it fails to assert itself as an economic power, is a military power, due to the potential of nuclear weapons that it still has since the Cold War, but also due to developments in the field of other modern weapons. In the future, we can expect the assertion of other states as poles of power: India, Iran, Brazil, the The Republic of South Africa, etc. The evolution of Turkey is interesting: although it is a member of NATO (an organization in which the USA has a hard word in the decision-making structure), it tries to assert itself as a pole of power in the Islamic space (concerning the Arab world) and in the Turkish world (from Azerbaijan to Middle Asia).

The article describes the correlation between migration and human rights in the Republic of Moldova. Today migration is considered a great problem for Moldova. The country is facing poverty, lack of jobs, Moldovans are forced to go abroad, hoping to find not only a more profitable job, but also a safe living environment. The Republic of Moldova is facing a crisis of wage labour, which results from a combination of factors such as mass emigration for work, very low wages, undeclared payment, poor negotiation power of employees within enterprises, the feeling of injustice among employees. Violation of employees rights causes many workers to go abroad in search of a better place to work and live.

Copyright of Political Science Review / Przegląd Politologiczny is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

E-voting is the next step of the Republic of Moldova evolution. The article presents advantages of e-voting, all steps of using it, and its many types. Electronic voting refers to elections using electronic means. E-voting can be managed by phones, the Internet, private computer networks or special kiosks. Reasons for accepting this kind of voting are provided. The analyzed in the article OSCE/ODIHR’s (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) activities which are related to tolerance and non-discrimination are focus on the following areas: legislation; law enforcement training; monitoring, reporting on, and following up on responses to hate-motivated crimes and incidents; as well as educational activities to promote tolerance, respect, and mutual understanding. Conclusions from all ODIHR activities which are carried out in close co-ordination and co-operation with OSCE participating States, OSCE institutions and field operations, as well as with other international organizations are given.

Orheiul Vechi is one of the most attractive cultural sites in the Republic of Moldova and one of the most frequently discussed. The density of sites and the continuity of living in this space has made Orheiul Vechi attractive for the multidisciplinary research since 1946. In the context of preparing the dossier for the inscription of the historic-cultural and natural landscape reserve “Or-heiul Vechi” into the World Heritage List, a series of studies have been carried out in the last two decades. Some of these scientific approaches include non-invasive surveys in various areas of the reservation. Thus, in this article, all the results of magnetometric surveys carried out by a Moldovan-Romanian-Ger¬man team in 2009-2014, have been presented for the first time. The surveys confirmed a number of archaeological situations already known and facilitated new discoveries that should be developed in the coming years.

In recent years, tourism products and services have been oriented to offer more experiences than those of classical leisure activities for tourists. More, the COVID-19 pandemic drew a new trend in travel: the tourists are now oriented to internal offers rather than the external ones, to rural regions instead of urban ones. Romania and Moldova are two well-known international countries that are both producers and exporters of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) wine. The aim of the paper is to analyze (qualitative and quantitative) the motivation of tourists from Romania and Moldova for wine tourism, to model the motivation according to the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and the specific elements for travel (accommodation, frequencies of visit, average stay). For quantitative analysis, an online questionnaire by convenience sampling was used to collect the data, and statistical methods were used for analysis. Even if these countries have cultural similarities, our results indicate statistically significant different motivations and different profiles of wine tourists. By using a co-occurrence link between the terms from WoS and Scopus scientific articles with VOSviewer software, our results indicate a link between wine tourism, rural and festivals tourism, and cultural heritage. Our research fills a gap in the literature, being the first comparative research on wine tourism in Romania and Moldova.

The article analyzes the contribution of the public administration authorities of the Republic of Moldova towards the protection and enhancement of the national cultural heritage. The competencies of the Parliament, the Executive and Ministry of Education, Culture and Research are investigated as central public authorities in the field of national heritage, as well as the attributions of local public authorities in this field. The attention is on the relationship of cooperation between the central public authorities and the local ones in certain areas. It is underlined the contribution of the European Union's projects towards the reconstruction of some historical value objectives as part of the national heritage. Particular attention is given to the role of cultural heritage in the education of citizens by systematizing the knowledge about national and global cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By stepping up linkages with post-Soviet states and by creating a various and sophisticated scope of soft power instruments, the Russian federation has striven to maintain its strong influence and simultaneously sought to block Western impact in the Post-soviet region. The principal goal of this study is to explore how the Russian political establishment and the influential Russian Orthodox Church are working together to generate Orthodox Christian linkages in the post-Soviet state of the Republic of Moldova and how they are using Orthodox aspects related to “Orthodox identity” and “Orthodox brotherhood” with a view of obtaining support and admiration of the population of this country. The Russian Orthodox Church as an institution is increasingly becoming an effective tool of the Russian concept of soft power, which is taking on growing dimensions and dangerous forms in the hands of the current Russian political leaders. A success or failure of this kind of Russian soft power is subsequently evaluated in the conclusion.

Present study is dedicated to assessment and analysis of flood runoff and its spatial distribution in the limits of the Republic of Moldova. SCS-CN model and GIS were used as main methods and techniques for runoff assessment. Main components which were considered for flood runoff estimation are soils (soil texture and moisture condition), land cover and rainfall (for 1% probability). The results showed the region that is the most affected by flood runoff is northern part of the republic with flood runoff >100 mm, the lowest flood runoff values being estimated for the southern part of the country with

E-voting is the next step of the Republic of Moldova evolution. The article presents advantages of e-voting, all steps of using it, and its many types. Electronic voting refers to elections using electronic means. E-voting can be managed by phones, the Internet, private computer networks or special kiosks. Reasons for accepting this kind of voting are provided. The analyzed in the article OSCE/ODIHR's (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) activities which are related to tolerance and non-discrimination are focus on the following areas: legislation; law enforcement training; monitoring, reporting on, and following up on responses to hate-motivated crimes and incidents; as well as educational activities to promote tolerance, respect, and mutual understanding. Conclusions from all ODIHR activities which are carried out in close co-ordination and co-operation with OSCE participating States, OSCE institutions and field operations, as well as with other international organizations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decade-old war of words is raging in the Moldovan media, amid renewed calls for the country to denounce the association agreement with the EU. Igor Dodon’s win in the runoff of the presidential election on 13 November 2016 fuelled the dispute about whether the country should remain on its European course or not. As always, propaganda wars and the ethnic background of those involved in the debate never fail to capture the imagination of foreign media. However, local audiences make choices that fall outside the modes of expression perceived as being popular with the major players in the information market of the RM: the Russian Federation, Romania, the Chisinau elites and the EU. The media-related communication of the Moldovans shows that their beliefs about nationalism are not necessarily shaped by the reception of Romanian or Russian-language media. Instead, their responses to media exposure point to poor national mobilisation.

Gagavuz Türklerinin büyük çoğunluğu Moldova Cumhuriyeti’nin güneyinde Bucak bölgesinde yaşamaktadır. Gagavuzların konuştuğu dil Türkiye Türkçesine en yakın şivedir. 23 Aralık 1993 yılında özerkliğe kavuşmuştur. Moldova Cumhuriyeti Nüfusunun yüzde 4’ ünü oluşturmaktadır. Balkanlarda küçük topluluk olsa da Türkiye için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye’nin Gagavuz Türkleri ile olan irtibatı Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına dayanmaktadır. Atatürk Gagavuz Türklerine gereken önem ve desteği sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Gagavuz Türklerinin yaşadığı coğrafya, etnik kimliği, ekonomisi ve politik statüsü incelenmiştir. 1990’lı yıllara kadar Türkiye toplumu tarafından pek fazla bilinmeyen Gagavuz Türkleri detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmıştır. Yine Gagavuzların Türkiye ile Moldova Cumhuriyeti arasında dostluk, kültürel ve ticari alanlarda bir köprü vazifesi üstlendiği konularına değinilmiştir.

By stepping up linkages with post-Soviet states and by creating a various and sophisticated scope of soft power instruments, the Russian federation has striven to maintain its strong influence and simultaneously sought to block Western impact in the Post-soviet region. The principal goal of this study is to explore how the Russian political establishment and the influential Russian Orthodox Church are working together to generate Orthodox Christian linkages in the post-Soviet state of the Republic of Moldova and how they are using Orthodox aspects related to "Orthodox identity" and "Orthodox brotherhood" with a view of obtaining support and admiration of the population of this country. The Russian Orthodox Church as an institution is increasingly becoming an effective tool of the Russian concept of soft power, which is taking on growing dimensions and dangerous forms in the hands of the current Russian political leaders. A success or failure of this kind of Russian soft power is subsequently evaluated in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main research question of this paper is How the twentieth century leaders are treated in the History textbooks published within the last decade in the Republic of Moldova? The textbooks are a reflection of the History curriculum. Therefore, the analysis starts with the discussion of this document and its content concerning leaders and heroes. The main research sources are the History textbooks published in Moldova during the last decade that debate the events of the twentieth century. The paper analyses how the national, European and world leaders are treated in Moldovan textbooks, and how the discourse and the paradigm get changed depending on political regimes. Based on quantitative and qualitative methods, some conclusions have been made about various leaders, such as Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, Antonescu or leaders from the Cold War era. At the end, the leaders of independent Moldova are briefly presented too. As a result of this analysis we could see how the leaders are presented in the Moldovan textbooks and could conclude that the policy makers, textbook authors and publishers have to pay more attention to this topic.

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Europaea is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Present study is dedicated to assessment and analysis of flood runoff and its spatial distribution in the limits of the Republic of Moldova. SCS-CN model and GIS were used as main methods and techniques for runoff assessment. Main components which were considered for flood runoff estimation are soils (soil texture and moisture condition), land cover and rainfall (for 1% probability). The results showed the region that is the most affected by flood runoff is northern part of the republic with flood runoff >100 mm, the lowest flood runoff values being estimated for the southern part of the country with <50 mm. Soil moisture conditions have a important impact on flood runoff amount, increasing its averages with 30 to 60% in case of wet condition and decreasing it with 35-65% in case of dry soil. It was also observed that flood runoff distribution is highly influenced by land cover, the average values being twice as high in urban area than under natural vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decade-old war of words is raging in the Moldovan media, amid renewed calls for the country to denounce the association agreement with the EU. Igor Dodon's win in the runoff of the presidential election on 13 November 2016 fuelled the dispute about whether the country should remain on its European course or not. As always, propaganda wars and the ethnic background of those involved in the debate never fail to capture the imagination of foreign media. However, local audiences make choices that fall outside the modes of expression perceived as being popular with the major players in the information market of the RM: the Russian Federation, Romania, the Chisinau elites and the EU. The media-related communication of the Moldovans shows that their beliefs about nationalism are not necessarily shaped by the reception of Romanian or Russian-language media. Instead, their responses to media exposure point to poor national mobilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vegetable production is one of the few agricultural profit-generating sectors based on cash crop growing and marketing. Its tomato sector of the Republic of Moldova has a huge potential to become an important income generator within the national economy. It is obvious that the success of this sector development depends on an efficient marketing system and access to information sources in Moldovan rural areas. The lack of information on tomato markets is a major problem for the Moldovan tomato producers thereby limiting their ability to profitably access new markets. The situation is particularly acute for farmers who reside in rural areas where the information flow is much slower and less reliable once it reaches the farmer. Most of producers and processors lack even basic information on fundamental issues like the market demand on product quantities and quality parameters, towards which markets they should address and what distribution channels choose. Usually they do not know who and where their competitors are and how to compete with them.

This study aims to identify the indicators of the transformation of journalism as profession in the Republic of Moldova. It focuses on the practitioners'anticipation of a stable professional configuration and identity in the context of a potential liberalization of the media market in this country.

The paper analyses the attempts made by the Republic of Moldova to take measures against the traffic of human beings. Sexual migration as a mass social phenomenon began in Moldova in the mid 1990s. According to the estimates of experts, today 20,000 to 30,000 people are caught up in it. The reasons forcing people into sexual migration are the socio-economic crisis and the low standard of living of the population. The main destinations of sexual migration from Moldova are Italy, Cyprus, Turkey, Germany, Russia and the Balkan countries. The main route of the traffic in live merchandise goes over the Balkans. The paper identifies four main social groups that voluntarily or by coercion are most often drawn into sexual migration. On the basis of social research, the social portrait of victims of this traffic is presented, and its socio-demographic, economic and organisational traits are described. The authors of the text show that opposition to trafficking in live merchandise has a complex character, which involves integration into the international mechanisms that combat it, using the experience and aid of the international community, and co-ordination of the actions of legislative bodies, of international structures and non-government organisations, both on a national and international level. The authors single-out three main directions of countering the traffic in live merchandise: 1) Prevention of the traffic by providing information to the population on its consequences. Analysis of the press made by the Moldovan non-government organisation for public information showed that the problem of trafficking of women was already an public opinion issue in Moldova. 2) Penalties for persons that organise, recruit and forward “live merchandise”. The article describes the development of legislation in Moldova and the introduction of stricter measures. At the same time, the authors conclude that these measures are so far not sufficiently efficient. 3) Rehabilitation of the victims of trafficking and their reintegration into Moldovan society. Generalising the experience of the Rehabilitation Centre for victims of trafficking, the authors present the results of its activities and note that the process of reintegration will remain inefficient, if adequate socio-economic conditions for a normal human existence are not created.

The events in Ukraine are in the thick of actuality, at the crossroads of East and West. From a buffer zone it has become an acute space of exhibition of Russia's interests, on one side, and of the European Union's, on the other side. As the EU does not have a unique army or a strong political leadership, the presence - as major actors - of NATO and the United States of America is necessary. Huge geostrategic, military, economic, politic, cultural, social and even religious interests are involved. As a neighbour state, member of the EU and NATO, Romania is directly concerned by the present deployments. We wonder if its foreign politics is an appropriate one. Moreover, great stakes aim at the statehood and independence of the Republic of Moldova, but also at the status of the Romanians living in the Cernowits region. Thus, we try to analyse what will happen in Ukraine and with the actors involved, in general. There are several possible scenarios, among which: the success of the elections and the stabilization of Ukraine in integrum; the federation, with the preservation of the frontiers or with the amputation of these ones; Russia's conquest of the country, taking into account EU's demonstrated incapacities; a war that can dangerously escalate; the maintenance of a grey situation, whre the two camps explore each other, sanction each other, but not too drastically, elections and referendums are organized, weapons are pacing around, threats are teething, but nothing important is decided, not even a new cold war. The title hints to everyon's weaknesses (is Ukraine a selfsustainable state?), but especially to EU's, the geopolitical objectives of which are in complete disagreement with its means. That is why, in a short term, Russia can win. But in a medium and long term... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globalization is the contemporary international context and is aimed at integration processes of world economy, cultural interactions etc. In 1993 Samuel P. Huntington published the article "The Clash of Civilizations?", in which he presented the theory of multi-polar world, which was established after the Cold War. Underlying each of the nine civilizations Huntington set a religion (confession). The researcher noted possible conflicts between communities belonging to different civilizations. Therefore, in the new context the civilizational dialogue is vitally important, to ensure the international security. It can take various forms: meetings of leaders of churches, festivals, programs and media exchanges ("people to people") etc. Twenty years after the publication of Huntington's theory, the present day trend in international relations is to strengthen the international organizations to which countries from different civilizations belong. The Republic of Moldova, located by Huntington in the Slavic-Orthodox civilization can integrate into Western civilization space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the indicators of the transformation of journalism as profession in the Republic of Moldova. It focuses on the practitioners' anticipation of a stable professional configuration and identity in the context of a potential liberalization of the media market in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]