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This work aims to examine the flow of tangent hyperbolic (T-H) ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) over a rough-yawed cylinder generated by impulsive motion in a mixed convection mechanism with periodic magnetohydrodynamics. The surface roughness is depicted by a high-frequency sine wave with a small amplitude. The governing equations of a system were converted to a dimensionless form by using semi-similar transformations. After linearizing the equations with a Quasilinearization technique, they were discretized with the implicit finite difference method. Including a third component (i.e. MoS2) of the THNF decays the fluid velocity. Raising magnetic field parameter M from 0 to 2 boosts the [Formula: see text] for THNF by 19% at [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] increases to a maximum of 288% for the T-H and 101% for the Newtonian THNF as the roughness attribute [Formula: see text] increases from 0.001 to 0.01 for [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. The findings were compared to previously published to demonstrate the numerical method's reliability.

Flow over yawed and unyawed blunt bodies often occurs in various engineering applications. The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder explains the practical significance of subsea applications such as transference control, separating the boundary layer above submerged blocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. The current study uses viscous dissipation to analyze the mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow around a yawed cylinder. Unlike the standard nanofluid model, which only considers one type of nanoparticle, this work considers the hybridization of two types of nanoparticles: alumina (Al2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). A model was developed to investigate the heat transport behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid while accounting for the solid volume fraction. The flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Then appropriate non-similar transformations were used to non-dimensionalize the governing equations. Furthermore, the non-dimensional governing equations were solved using the finite difference method (FDM) and the quasilinearisation technique. The effects of water and nanoparticle concentrations on the velocity and the temperature patterns were illustrated graphically. The hybrid nanofluid reduces the velocity distribution in the spanwise and chordwise directions while increasing the surface drag coefficient. The hybrid nanofluid's fluid temperature and energy transport strength was higher than the base fluid and nanofluid. Also, the temperature of the fluid rises as the energy transfer strength diminishes due to an increase in the Eckert number, which characterizes viscous dissipation. However, when the yaw angle increases in the chordwise and spanwise directions, so does the fluid's velocity. The new outcomes were compared to previously published research and were in good agreement.

The fluid flow through blunt bodies that are yawed and un-yawed frequently happens in many engineering applications. The practical significance of deep-water applications such as propagation control, splitting the boundary layer over submerged blocks, and preventing recirculation bubbles is explained by the fluid flow across a yawed cylinder. The current work examined the mixed convective flow and convective heat transfer by incorporating water-based graphene oxide nanofluid around a yawed cylinder with viscous dissipation and irregular heat source/sink. To investigate the heat diffusion across the system of buoyancy effects, the mathematical formulation of the problem was modeled in terms of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations. The boundary value problem of the fourth-order (bvp4c) solver was operated to find the non-similarity solution. The outcomes indicated that the velocity in both directions enlarged owing to the higher impacts of yaw angle for the phenomenon of assisting flow but decreased for the instance of opposing flow, while the temperature of nanofluid increased because of heightened estimations of yaw angle for both assisting and opposing flows. In addition, with larger impacts of nanoparticle volume fraction, the shear stresses were enhanced by about 0.76% and 0.93% for the case of assisting flow, while for the case of opposing flow, they improved by almost 0.65% and 1.38%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to examine the flow of tangent hyperbolic (T-H) ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) over a rough-yawed cylinder generated by impulsive motion in a mixed convection mechanism with periodic magnetohydrodynamics. The surface roughness is depicted by a high-frequency sine wave with a small amplitude. The governing equations of a system were converted to a dimensionless form by using semi-similar transformations. After linearizing the equations with a Quasilinearization technique, they were discretized with the implicit finite difference method. Including a third component (i.e. MoS2) of the THNF decays the fluid velocity. Raising magnetic field parameter M from 0 to 2 boosts the R e x 1 / 2 C f for THNF by 19% at ξ = 0.55. The R e x 1 / 2 C f increases to a maximum of 288% for the T-H and 101% for the Newtonian THNF as the roughness attribute ϵ increases from 0.001 to 0.01 for ξ = 0.31 at n = 15. The findings were compared to previously published to demonstrate the numerical method's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the extensive construction of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines, the fatigue damage of steel tube members caused by vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in tubular towers has received growing attention. Although some progress has been made in the research of the VIV of steel tubes in uniform flow, there is still relatively scarce research on the VIV of steel tubes at various inflow conditions. In this paper, a series of wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the VIV of the steel tube subjected to uniform, turbulent, and oblique flows. Three turbulence intensities (Iu = 5.9%, 9.7%, and 12.6%), and four yaw angles (α = 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°) are considered. The results show that the VIV response of the steel tube in the in-line (IL) direction is negligible compared to that in the cross-flow (CF) direction. The displacement amplitude gradually decreases as the turbulence intensity increases, accompanied by a more unstable response. For the inclined steel tube, the VIV maximum amplitude almost remains constant when α ≤ 20°, while it sharply decreased in the case of α = 30° and α = 40°. Furthermore, it was found that the so-called independent principle is applicable for α ≤ 10°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this new-fangled research, the mixed convective stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a yawed cylinder with radiation impact is considered. In reality, the perception of mixed convection in the study of yawed cylinder rises in heat exchangers. To explore the heat diffusion through the system of mixed convection, the mathematical problem is formed in the form of partial differential equations which are coupled and nonlinear. A solution technique is applied and described for indulgencing non-similar thermal boundary layers. The non-similar terms involving in the transformed equations are held without approximations. The non-similar equations are solved numerically using the bvp4c technique. The exploration divulges numerous significant results involving yaw angle, hybrid nanoparticle volume fraction, mixed convection, radiation, and non-similarity phenomena. The impact of the yaw angle in enhancing the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid in the span-wise and chord-wise directions in the aiding buoyancy flow and decelerating in the opposing flow, while the contrary behavior is noticed for the dimensionless temperature profile. Also, the hybrid nanoparticles reduce the velocity in both directions in case of assisting as well as opposing flow, whereas the dimensionless temperature augments.

The hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible and isotropic Casson fluid through a yawed cylinder is investigated by employing continuity, momentum, and energy equations satisfying suitable boundary conditions. The density variation is governed by Boussinesq approximation. The model equations consisting of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed by applying non-similar transformation relations. The set of transformed PDEs is solved using the analytical technique of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impacts of varying yaw angle, and mixed convection and Casson parameters over fluid velocity (chordwise and spanwise components), its temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficients are investigated and explained through various graphs. It is found that the enhancing yaw angle, Casson parameter, and convection parameter augment the fluid velocity, heat transfer rate, and skin friction and reduce the fluid temperature. The agreement of present and published results justifies the application of HAM in modeling the mixed convective Casson fluid flow past a yawed cylinder.

The fluid flow through blunt bodies that are yawed and un-yawed frequently happens in many engineering applications. The practical significance of deep-water applications such as propagation control, splitting the boundary layer over submerged blocks, and preventing recirculation bubbles is explained by the fluid flow across a yawed cylinder. The current work examined the mixed convective flow and convective heat transfer by incorporating water-based graphene oxide nanofluid around a yawed cylinder with viscous dissipation and irregular heat source/sink. To investigate the heat diffusion across the system of buoyancy effects, the mathematical formulation of the problem was modeled in terms of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations. The boundary value problem of the fourth-order (bvp4c) solver was operated to find the non-similarity solution. The outcomes indicated that the velocity in both directions enlarged owing to the higher impacts of yaw angle for the phenomenon of assisting flow but decreased for the instance of opposing flow, while the temperature of nanofluid increased because of heightened estimations of yaw angle for both assisting and opposing flows. In addition, with larger impacts of nanoparticle volume fraction, the shear stresses were enhanced by about 0.76% and 0.93% for the case of assisting flow, while for the case of opposing flow, they improved by almost 0.65% and 1.38%, respectively.

In this new-fangled research, the mixed convective stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a yawed cylinder with radiation impact is considered. In reality, the perception of mixed convection in the study of yawed cylinder rises in heat exchangers. To explore the heat diffusion through the system of mixed convection, the mathematical problem is formed in the form of partial differential equations which are coupled and nonlinear. A solution technique is applied and described for indulgencing non-similar thermal boundary layers. The non-similar terms involving in the transformed equations are held without approximations. The non-similar equations are solved numerically using the bvp4c technique. The exploration divulges numerous significant results involving yaw angle, hybrid nanoparticle volume fraction, mixed convection, radiation, and non-similarity phenomena. The impact of the yaw angle in enhancing the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid in the span-wise and chord-wise directions in the aiding buoyancy flow and decelerating in the opposing flow, while the contrary behavior is noticed for the dimensionless temperature profile. Also, the hybrid nanoparticles reduce the velocity in both directions in case of assisting as well as opposing flow, whereas the dimensionless temperature augments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the extensive construction of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines, the fatigue damage of steel tube members caused by vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in tubular towers has received growing attention. Although some progress has been made in the research of the VIV of steel tubes in uniform flow, there is still relatively scarce research on the VIV of steel tubes at various inflow conditions. In this paper, a series of wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the VIV of the steel tube subjected to uniform, turbulent, and oblique flows. Three turbulence intensities (Iu = 5.9%, 9.7%, and 12.6%), and four yaw angles (α = 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°) are considered. The results show that the VIV response of the steel tube in the in-line (IL) direction is negligible compared to that in the cross-flow (CF) direction. The displacement amplitude gradually decreases as the turbulence intensity increases, accompanied by a more unstable response. For the inclined steel tube, the VIV maximum amplitude almost remains constant when α ≤ 20°, while it sharply decreased in the case of α = 30° and α = 40°. Furthermore, it was found that the so-called independent principle is applicable for α ≤ 10°.

A yawed cylinder is a cylinder inclined in the plane of a flowing liquid. The liquid flow past the yawed cylinder is important for practice, namely, for bubble suppression and control of the boundary layer transition in undersea applications. It should be noted that an inclined cylinder characterizes an asymmetrical behavior of fluid flow and heat transfer. Energy and mass transference characteristics of a steady nonlinear convective flow over the yawed cylinder by accounting for chemically reactive species and viscous dissipation are analyzed in this investigation. The differential equations defining the boundary layer parameters are then transformed into a dimensionless view, taking into account the non-similar transformation. It should be noted that the governing equations have been written using the conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration. These considered equations allow the simulation of the analyzed phenomenon using numerical techniques. Further, quasilinearization and implicit finite difference approximation are used to work out the non-dimensional governing equations. A parametric investigation of all the pertinent characteristics accompanies this. A descriptive system of computation outcomes for the velocity, temperature, and concentration patterns, the drag coefficients, Nu and Sh, is demonstrated by graphs. Enhancing the magnitudes of the Eckert number raises the temperature pattern while energy transport strength is reduced. As the species concentration profile diminishes, the mass transfer characteristics are enhanced for raising magnitudes of the nonlinear chemical reaction parameter. Further, a velocity profile along the chordwise direction rises with enhancing magnitudes of nonlinear convection characteristics and yaw angle. Furthermore, the velocity pattern along the spanwise direction enhances with the growing magnitudes of yaw angle. For assisting buoyancy flow, the friction parameter at the border in the spanwise direction enhances with rising values of yaw angle.

The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder is useful in understanding practical significance for undersea applications, for example, managing transference and/or separation of the boundary layer above submerged blocks and in suppressing recirculating bubbles. The present analysis examines nonlinear mixed convection flow past a moving yawed cylinder with diffusion of liquid hydrogen. The coupled nonlinear control relations and the border restrictions pertinent to the present flow problem are nondimensionalized by using nonsimilar reduction. Further, implicit finite difference schemes and Quasilinearization methods are employed to solve the nondimensional governing equations. Impact of several nondimensional parameters of the analysis on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and species concentration patterns and also on Nusselt number, Sherwood number and friction parameter defined at the cylinder shell is analyzed through numerical results presented in various graphs. Velocity profiles can be enhanced, and the coefficients of friction at the surface can be reduced, for increasing values of velocity ratio parameters along chordwise as well as spanwise directions. Species concentration profile is reduced, while the Sherwood number is enhanced, for growth of the Schmidt number and yaw angles. Furthermore, for an increasing value of yaw angle, skin-friction coefficient in chordwise direction diminishes in opposing buoyancy flow case, whereas the results exhibit the opposite trend in assisting buoyancy flow case. Moreover, very importantly, for increasing magnitude of nonlinear convection characteristic, the liquid velocity and surface friction enhance in spanwise direction. Further, for increasing magnitude of combined convection characteristics, velocity profiles and coefficient of friction at the surface enhance in both spanwise and chordwise directions. Moreover, we have observed that there is no deviation for zero yaw angle in Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Highlights • Critical wind speed for dry-cable galloping of smooth cables based on yaw angle. • Empirical formulae to estimate aero-drag and Strouhal number of yawed cables. • Empirical form of buffeting admittance/indicial derivative functions of cables. • Extraction of aerodynamic-damping/stiffness via flutter derivatives of cables. • Predicting required damping to prevent dry-cable galloping of smooth cables. Abstract Cables of suspension, cable-stayed and tied-arch bridges, suspended roofs, and power transmission lines are prone to moderate to large-amplitude vibrations in wind because of their low inherent damping. Structural or fatigue failure of a cable, due to these vibrations, pose a significant threat to the safety and serviceability of these structures. Over the past few decades, many studies have investigated the mechanisms that cause different types of flow-induced vibrations in cables such as rain-wind induced vibration (RWIV), vortex-induced vibration (VIV), iced cable galloping, wake galloping, and dry-cable galloping that have resulted in an improved understanding of the cause of these vibrations. In this study, the parameters governing the turbulence-induced (buffeting) and motion-induced wind loads (self-excited) for inclined and yawed dry cables have been identified. These parameters facilitate the prediction of their response in turbulent wind and estimate the incipient condition for onset of dry-cable galloping. Wind tunnel experiments were performed to measure the parameters governing the aerodynamic and aeroelastic forces on a yawed dry cable. This study mainly focuses on the prediction of critical reduced velocity (R V cr ) as a function of equivalent yaw angle (β*) and Scruton number (Sc) through measurement of aerodynamic-damping and stiffness. Wind tunnel tests using a section model of a smooth cable were performed under uniform and smooth/gusty flow conditions in the AABL Wind and Gust Tunnel located at Iowa State University. Static model tests for equivalent yaw angles of 0–45° indicate that the mean drag coefficient (C D) and Strouhal number (S t) of a yawed cable decreases with the yaw angle, while the mean lift coefficient (C L) remains zero in the subcritical Reynolds number (Re) regime. Dynamic one degree-of-freedom model tests in across-wind and along-wind directions resulted in the identification of buffeting indicial derivative functions and flutter derivatives of a yawed cable for a range of equivalent yaw angles. Empirical equations for mean drag coefficient, Strouhal number, buffeting indicial derivative functions and critical reduced velocity for dry-cable galloping are proposed for yawed cables. The results indicate a critical equivalent yaw angle of 45° for dry-cable galloping. A simplified design procedure is introduced to estimate the minimum damping required to arrest dry-cable galloping from occurring below the design wind speed of the cable structure. Furthermore, the results from this study can be applied to predict the wind load and response of a dry cable at a specified wind speed for a given yaw angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-similar solutions are found numerically to a system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations indicating, unsteady laminar water boundary layer flow over yawed cylinder using implicit finite difference scheme along with Quasi-linearization technique. The fluid properties such as viscosity and Prandtl number are considered as an inverse function of temperature. Unsteadiness is caused by upstream velocity in and directions and non-uniform mass transfer (suction/injection) which is applied through slot on the surface of the geometry. The effect of yaw angle, variable fluid properties and non-uniform mass transfer on skin friction and heat transfer coefficients is analyzed. It is found that non-uniform slot suction and downstream movement of the slot cause the point of vanishing skin friction moves downstream, but non-uniform slot injection produces the opposite result of that corresponding to the suction case. When the yaw angle increases, both the skin friction coefficient in the – direction and the heat transfer coefficient decrease but the skin friction coefficient in the – direction increases for all times. The effect of the yaw angle is very little on the point of vanishing skin friction.

An experimental study is carried out to characterize the spanwise variation of the near wake of a cylinder yaw-oscillating about its mid-span between the yaw angles of θ = 0 o (unyawed case) and 3 0 o at two subcritical Reynolds numbers, Re = 5 × 1 0 3 and 1. 5 × 1 0 4 . For these tests, a cylinder with length-to-diameter ratio of 13 is immersed into a water channel, leaving a free end at the bottom end and the free water surface at the top. The yaw oscillation frequencies, when expressed non-dimensionally in terms of the reduced frequency (K), have the values of K = 0. 5 (low), K = 1. 3 to 2 (moderate), and K = 4 (high). Planar Particle Image Velocimetry measurements are performed in various planes that are parallel and orthogonal to the spanwise axis of the cylinder's unyawed version. For a cylinder undergoing yaw oscillation, the near wake is found to be highly three-dimensional. The spanwise variation in the near wake increases substantially as the reduced frequency K is changed from low to moderate values, while at high K , the flow becomes relatively uniform over large spanwise distances as a result of the delay in flow response. The spanwise flow topology is mostly independent of the Reynolds number in the subcritical range considered. The cylinder's direction of motion, its acceleration/deceleration, and the axial flow developing as a result of large yaw are identified as factors impacting the flow behavior. For low reduced frequencies, the cylinder's direction of motion plays the most prominent role in the topology of the near wake until large yaw angles. This effect either weakens or strengthens the reverse flow velocity and the mean recirculation region depending on the direction in which the cylinder moves. At large yaw angles, high-magnitude axial flow originating from the bottom free end develops over larger spanwise sections reducing the reverse flow velocity in the wake and eventually leading to the suppression of the mean recirculation region. For moderate values of reduced frequencies, the acceleration/deceleration of the cylinder becomes another factor influencing the flow behavior. During the phases of oscillation where the cylinder is accelerating, the impact of the cylinder's direction of motion on the near-wake flow intensifies. In contrast, the same impact is weakened when the cylinder decelerates. At very high reduced frequencies, the mean recirculation region is suppressed over most of the cylinder's top or bottom half span under the dominant effect of the cylinder's direction of motion. At such high reduced frequencies, the response of the flow to the fast oscillation motion of the cylinder is delayed, revoking the impact of acceleration/deceleration of the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-similar solutions are found numerically to a system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations indicating, unsteady laminar water boundary layer flow over yawed cylinder using implicit finite difference scheme along with Quasi-linearization technique. The fluid properties such as viscosity and Prandtl number are considered as an inverse function of temperature. Unsteadiness is caused by upstream velocity in and directions and non-uniform mass transfer (suction/injection) which is applied through slot on the surface of the geometry. The effect of yaw angle, variable fluid properties and non-uniform mass transfer on skin friction and heat transfer coefficients is analyzed. It is found that non-uniform slot suction and downstream movement of the slot cause the point of vanishing skin friction moves downstream, but non-uniform slot injection produces the opposite result of that corresponding to the suction case. When the yaw angle increases, both the skin friction coefficient in the – direction and the heat transfer coefficient decrease but the skin friction coefficient in the – direction increases for all times. The effect of the yaw angle is very little on the point of vanishing skin friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experimental study, the near wake of a circular cylinder undergoing yaw oscillations is investigated. The yaw angle during oscillations varies from θ = 0 o (exposing cylinder directly to crossflow) to 3 0 o at two different Reynolds numbers of 5 × 1 0 3 and 1. 5 × 1 0 4 . Planar Particle Image Velocimetry measurements are used to study the flow topology in the near-wake region of the yaw-oscillating cylinder for a range of oscillation frequencies, which when expressed non-dimensionally in terms of reduced frequencies (K) vary between K = 0. 25 to 4. For a cylinder undergoing yaw oscillation, the wake closure length and wake width vary with the phase angle of the oscillation cycle for a given oscillation frequency. At moderate reduced frequencies, the phase-averaged recirculation region is suppressed completely when the cylinder is closer to a certain yaw angle, which was found to be, a yaw angle of θ = 1 5 o or above in the return cycle (depending on the value of K). The yaw-oscillating cylinders generally show longer wake closure lengths in their return cycle compared to the equivalent yaw angles in the first half of their oscillation cycle. It is shown that although the wake closure length shows changes depending on the phase in the oscillation cycle for a given oscillation frequency, as the frequency of oscillation is elevated, the vortices generally shed nearer to the surface of the cylinder. Thereby, for moderate reduced frequencies of yaw oscillation, the extent of the yaw-averaged recirculation region downstream of the cylinder reduces considerably as the frequency increases, suggesting an increase in the base suction pressure, which may be speculated to result in a drag increase locally in the measurement plane (at the midspan of the cylinder) in comparison to the static counterpart. For the highest reduced frequency investigated (K = 4), the phase-averaged recirculation region was observed to be suppressed completely during all phases of oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A yawed cylinder is a cylinder inclined in the plane of a flowing liquid. The liquid flow past the yawed cylinder is important for practice, namely, for bubble suppression and control of the boundary layer transition in undersea applications. It should be noted that an inclined cylinder characterizes an asymmetrical behavior of fluid flow and heat transfer. Energy and mass transference characteristics of a steady nonlinear convective flow over the yawed cylinder by accounting for chemically reactive species and viscous dissipation are analyzed in this investigation. The differential equations defining the boundary layer parameters are then transformed into a dimensionless view, taking into account the non-similar transformation. It should be noted that the governing equations have been written using the conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration. These considered equations allow the simulation of the analyzed phenomenon using numerical techniques. Further, quasilinearization and implicit finite difference approximation are used to work out the non-dimensional governing equations. A parametric investigation of all the pertinent characteristics accompanies this. A descriptive system of computation outcomes for the velocity, temperature, and concentration patterns, the drag coefficients, Nu and Sh, is demonstrated by graphs. Enhancing the magnitudes of the Eckert number raises the temperature pattern while energy transport strength is reduced. As the species concentration profile diminishes, the mass transfer characteristics are enhanced for raising magnitudes of the nonlinear chemical reaction parameter. Further, a velocity profile along the chordwise direction rises with enhancing magnitudes of nonlinear convection characteristics and yaw angle. Furthermore, the velocity pattern along the spanwise direction enhances with the growing magnitudes of yaw angle. For assisting buoyancy flow, the friction parameter at the border in the spanwise direction enhances with rising values of yaw angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder is useful in understanding practical significance for undersea applications, for example, managing transference and/or separation of the boundary layer above submerged blocks and in suppressing recirculating bubbles. The present analysis examines nonlinear mixed convection flow past a moving yawed cylinder with diffusion of liquid hydrogen. The coupled nonlinear control relations and the border restrictions pertinent to the present flow problem are nondimensionalized by using nonsimilar reduction. Further, implicit finite difference schemes and Quasilinearization methods are employed to solve the nondimensional governing equations. Impact of several nondimensional parameters of the analysis on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and species concentration patterns and also on Nusselt number, Sherwood number and friction parameter defined at the cylinder shell is analyzed through numerical results presented in various graphs. Velocity profiles can be enhanced, and the coefficients of friction at the surface can be reduced, for increasing values of velocity ratio parameters along chordwise as well as spanwise directions. Species concentration profile is reduced, while the Sherwood number is enhanced, for growth of the Schmidt number and yaw angles. Furthermore, for an increasing value of yaw angle, skin-friction coefficient in chordwise direction diminishes in opposing buoyancy flow case, whereas the results exhibit the opposite trend in assisting buoyancy flow case. Moreover, very importantly, for increasing magnitude of nonlinear convection characteristic, the liquid velocity and surface friction enhance in spanwise direction. Further, for increasing magnitude of combined convection characteristics, velocity profiles and coefficient of friction at the surface enhance in both spanwise and chordwise directions. Moreover, we have observed that there is no deviation for zero yaw angle in Nusselt number and Sherwood number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new-fangled problem is considered, wherein, for the first time, the effects of mixed convection past a yawed cylinder are analysed. In reality, the concept of mixed convection flow past a yawed cylinder arises in applications pertaining to heat exchangers. To study the diffusion of heat in the mixed convection system, the problem is formulated mathematically in terms of partial differential equations which are nonlinear and coupled in nature. To avoid the mathematical complexity of dimensions, these equations are converted to dimensionless form through non-similar transformations. The linearity in the system of equations is achieved through Quasi-linearization technique. Then, implicit finite difference method is used for the discretization and the linear system of equations is solved by employing Varga's algorithm. The investigation reveals several important results pertaining to yaw angle, mixed convection and non-similarity phenomena. The fluid velocity and friction at the cylinder's surface in all directions increase along with the heat transfer rate due to mixed convection, while the fluid temperature reduces significantly. Yaw angle has prominent effects in increasing the fluid velocity in the chordwise (x -axis) as well as the spanwise (z -axis) directions in case of aiding buoyancy flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]