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Reliable observations of aerosol optical properties are crucial for quantifying the radiative forcing of climate. The simultaneous measurements of aerosol optical properties at three wavelengths for PM 1 and PM 10 were conducted in urban Beijing from March 2018 to February 2022. The aerosol absorption coefficient (σab) at 550 nm of PM 10 and PM 1 decreased by 55.0 % and 53.5 % from 2018 to 2021. The significant reduction in σab may be related to reduced primary emissions caused by effective air pollution control measures. PM 2.5 mass concentration decreased by 34.4 % from 2018 to 2021. Single scattering albedo (SSA) increased from 0.89±0.04 for PM 10 (0.87±0.05 for PM 1) in 2018 to 0.93±0.03 for PM 10 (0.91±0.04 for PM 1) in 2021. Increasing SSA and decreasing PM 2.5 mass concentration suggest that the fraction of absorbing aerosols decreased with improved air quality due to pollution control measures being taken. The annual average submicron absorption ratio (Rab) increased from 86.1 % in 2018 to 89.2 % in 2021, suggesting that fine particles are the main contributors to total PM 10 absorption and that the contribution of fine particles to absorption became more important. The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) in winter decreased from 2018 to 2021, implying a decreasing contribution from brown carbon to light absorption, which may relate to the reduced emissions of biomass burning and coal combustion. During the study period, aerosol radiative forcing efficiency became more negative, mainly influenced by increasing SSA and was -27.0 and -26.2 W m -2 per aerosol optical depth (AOD) for PM 10 and PM 1 in 2021. Higher σab and PM 2.5 mass concentrations were primarily distributed in clusters 4 and 5, transported from the south and the west of Beijing each year. σab and PM 2.5 corresponding to clusters 4 and 5 decreased evidently from 2018 to 2021, which may result from the control of source emissions in surrounding regions of Beijing. The 4-year data presented in this study provide critical optical parameters for radiative forcing assessment within two size ranges and are helpful for evaluating the effectiveness of clean air action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe air pollution events accompanied by high PM2.5 concentrations have been repeatedly observed in Middle-Eastern China since 2013 and decreased in recent years. The reason for this caused widespread attention. The month of January was selected to represent the winter season annual changes in the winter PM2.5 and meteorological conditions—including the upper-air meridional circulation index (MCI), winds at 700 and 850 hPa levels and surface meteorology—from 2013 to 2019. These conditions were analyzed to study the contribution of meteorology changing to the annual PM2.5 changing on the regional scale. Results show that, based on values of upper-level MCI, the years 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were defined as meteorology-haze years and the years 2016 and 2018 were defined as meteorology-clean years. A change in meteorological conditions may lead to a 26% change in PM2.5 concentration between 2014 and 2013 (two meteorology-haze years) and 16–20% changes in PM2.5 concentration between meteorology-haze years and meteorology-clean years. Changes in pollutant emissions may cause 21–47% changes in PM2.5 concentration between each two meteorology-haze years. A comparison of two meteorology-clean years and pollutant emissions in 2018 may be reduced by 40% compared with 2016. Overall, changes in emissions had a greater influence on changes in PM2.5 compared with meteorological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]