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2. Introduction to a special grouping of papers from the 2012 Community Modeling and Analysis System (CMAS) Conference.
- Author
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Hanna AF
- Subjects
- North Carolina, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollution prevention & control, Atmosphere chemistry, Models, Theoretical
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Numerical modelling of the lobes of radio galaxies – Paper V: universal pressure profile cluster atmospheres.
- Author
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Stimpson, M, Hardcastle, M J, and Krause, M G H
- Subjects
- *
KELVIN-Helmholtz instability , *SYNCHROTRON radiation , *CORE materials , *ATMOSPHERE , *RADIO galaxies , *ATMOSPHERIC models - Abstract
We present relativistic magnetohydrodynamic modelling of jets running into hydrostatic, spherically symmetric cluster atmospheres. For the first time in a numerical simulation, we present model cluster atmospheres based upon the universal pressure profile (UPP), incorporating a temperature profile for a 'typical' self-similar atmosphere described by only one parameter – M 500. We explore a comprehensive range of realistic atmospheres and jet powers and derive dynamic, energetic, and polarimetric data which provide insight into what we should expect of future high-resolution studies of AGN outflows. From the simulated synchrotron emission maps which include Doppler beaming we find sidedness distributions that agree well with observations. We replicated a number of findings from our previous work, such as higher power jets inflating larger aspect-ratio lobes, and the cluster environment impacting the distribution of energy between the lobe and shocked regions. Comparing UPP and β-profiles we find that the cluster model chosen results in a different morphology for the resultant lobes with the UPP more able to clear lobe material from the core; and that these different atmospheres influence the ratio between the various forms of energy in the fully developed lobes. This work also highlights the key role played by Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the formation of realistic lobe aspect ratios. Our simulations point to the need for additional lobe-widening mechanisms at high jet powers, for example jet precession. Given that the UPP is our most representative general cluster atmosphere, these numerical simulations represent the most realistic models yet for spherically symmetric atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Estimates of late Early Cretaceous atmospheric CO 2 from Mongolia based on stomatal and isotopic analysis of Pseudotorellia.
- Author
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Zhang X, Royer DL, Shi G, Ichinnorov N, Herendeen PS, Crane PR, and Herrera F
- Subjects
- Mongolia, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Fossils, Oxygen Isotopes analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Plant Stomata physiology, Atmosphere chemistry
- Abstract
Premise: The Aptian-Albian (121.4-100.5 Ma) was a greenhouse period with global temperatures estimated as 10-15°C warmer than pre-industrial conditions, so it is surprising that the most reliable CO
2 estimates from this time are <1400 ppm. This low CO2 during a warm period implies a very high Earth-system sensitivity in the range of 6 to 9°C per CO2 doubling between the Aptian-Albian and today., Methods: We applied a well-vetted paleo-CO2 proxy based on leaf gas-exchange principles (Franks model) to two Pseudotorellia species from three stratigraphically similar samples at the Tevshiin Govi lignite mine in central Mongolia (~119.7-100.5 Ma)., Results: Our median estimated CO2 concentration from the three respective samples was 2132, 2405, and 2770 ppm. The primary reason for the high estimated CO2 but with relatively large uncertainties is the very low stomatal density in both species, where small variations propagate to large changes in estimated CO2 . Indeed, we found that at least 15 leaves are required before the aggregate estimated CO2 approaches that of the full data set., Conclusions: Our three CO2 estimates all exceeded 2000 ppm, translating to an Earth-system sensitivity (~3-5°C/CO2 doubling) that is more in keeping with the current understanding of the long-term climate system. Because of our large sample size, the directly measured inputs did not contribute much to the overall uncertainty in estimated CO2 ; instead, the inferred inputs were responsible for most of the overall uncertainty and thus should be scrutinized for their value choices., (© 2024 Botanical Society of America.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Colorimetric Paper-Based Device for Hazardous Compounds Detection in Air and Water: A Proof of Concept
- Author
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Valeria De Matteis, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Gabriele Fella, Laura Mazzotta, and Rosaria Rinaldi
- Subjects
PAD ,environmental monitoring ,colorimetric detection ,water ,atmosphere ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
In the last decades, the increase in global industrialization and the consequent technological progress have damaged the quality of the environment. As a consequence, the high levels of hazardous compounds such as metals and gases released in the atmosphere and water, have raised several concerns about the health of living organisms. Today, many analytical techniques are available with the aim to detect pollutant chemical species. However, a lot of them are not affordable due to the expensive instrumentations, time-consuming processes and high reagents volumes. Last but not least, their use is exclusive to trained operators. Contrarily, colorimetric sensing devices, including paper-based devices, are easy to use, providing results in a short time, without particular specializations to interpret the results. In addition, the colorimetric response is suitable for fast detection, especially in resource-limited environments or underdeveloped countries. Among different chemical species, transition and heavy metals such as iron Fe(II) and copper Cu(II) as well as volatile compounds, such as ammonia (NH3) and acetaldehyde (C2H4O) are widespread mainly in industrialized geographical areas. In this work, we developed a colorimetric paper-based analytical device (PAD) to detect different contaminants, including Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions in water, and NH3 and C2H4O in air at low concentrations. This study is a “proof of concept” of a new paper sensor in which the intensity of the colorimetric response is proportional to the concentration of a detected pollutant species. The sensor model could be further implemented in other technologies, such as drones, individual protection devices or wearable apparatus to monitor the exposure to toxic species in both indoor and outdoor environments.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Development of Sulfur Oxides Analysis in the Atmosphere by an Alkaline Filter Paper Method without Toxic Substances
- Author
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Koji Yamashita, Yukihide Shiraishi, Hitoshi Asano, and Harumi Mitsunaga
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,chemistry ,Filter paper ,Environmental chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental science ,Sulfur ,Analytical Chemistry - Published
- 2018
7. Limits for combustion in low O2 redefine paleoatmospheric predictions for the Mesozoic.
- Author
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Belcher CM and McElwain JC
- Subjects
- Animals, Bryophyta, Extinction, Biological, Paper, Temperature, Time, Wood, Atmosphere, Fires, Oxygen
- Abstract
Several studies have attempted to determine the lower limit of atmospheric oxygen under which combustion can occur; however, none have been conducted within a fully controlled and realistic atmospheric environment. We performed experimental burns (using pine wood, moss, matches, paper, and a candle) at 20 degrees C in O2 concentrations ranging from 9 to 21% and at ambient and high CO2 (2000 parts per million) in a controlled environment room, which was equipped with a thermal imaging system and full atmospheric, temperature, and humidity control. Our data reveal that the lower O2 limit for combustion should be increased from 12 to 15%. These results, coupled with a record of Mesozoic paleowildfires, are incompatible with the prediction of prolonged intervals of low atmospheric O2 levels (10 to 12%) in the Mesozoic.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Could the Working Paper Lead to a Unified Legal Regime?: To Resolve Legal Challenges with Respect to Aerospace Objects.
- Author
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Youn, Nayoung
- Subjects
LEGAL norms ,CUSTOMARY international law ,AIRSPACE (International law) ,ATMOSPHERE ,GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,OUTER space - Abstract
Could the Working Paper Lead to a Unified Legal Regime? To Resolve Legal Challenges with Respect to Aerospace Objects: By analyzing the UNCOPUOS "Questionnaire on possible legal issues with regard to aerospace objects", this paper addresses different member States' responses and ultimately it argues that the questionnaire is one of the ways to harmonize States' views and establish a unified legal regime for aerospace objects. Specifically, this paper evaluates Questions 1, 7, and 8, which refer to the definition of aerospace objects, and considers precedents, international customary law, and national and/ or international legal norms with respect to the passage of aerospace objects during take-off and/ or reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. The analysis shows that even though there is no consensus among member States about the applicable law to aerospace objects at present, they are still aware of the issues, and that the questionnaire in the working papers can be a basis for formulating international customary law or can help create future legal regimes for aerospace objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Micro‐/nanostructure evolution of C/SiFeO(N,C) polymer‐derived ceramic papers pyrolyzed in a reactive ammonia atmosphere
- Author
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Johannes Peter, Hans-Joachim Kleebe, Alexander Ott, Emanuel Ionescu, and Ralf Riedel
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Polymer ,Atmosphere ,Ammonia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Transmission electron microscopy ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,Carbon ,Pyrolysis - Published
- 2021
10. The retail environment design (RED) scale: conceptualization and measurement
- Author
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Steen, Julie, Rutherford, Brian N., Babin, Barry J., and Hair, Jr., Joseph F.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Behaviour of Paper Treated in a Carbon Dioxide Modified Atmosphere.
- Author
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Kobiakova, Valeria I. and Dobrusina, Svetlana A.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER , *CARBON dioxide , *ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide , *ATMOSPHERIC chemistry , *ATMOSPHERE - Abstract
Presents a study that investigated the influence of a modified, carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere on the properties of paper. Types of paper used in the experiment; Properties of the paper samples treated in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide; Behavior of paper treated in a carbon dioxide modified atmosphere.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. 61‐1: Invited Paper: Development of Active‐Matrix nanoLED Display with Cadmium Free QDs Patterned by Photolithography Process in the Atmosphere.
- Author
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Okamoto, Shota, Kanehiro, Masayuki, Matsushita, Kazuhiko, Nozoe, Makoto, Narita, Shoya, Qu, Yang, Kitagawa, Makoto, Ueda, Yunting, Oda, Akihiro, Horiue, Shinichi, Utsumi, Hisayuki, Konishi, Katsuhiko, Nakanishi, Yohei, Ishida, Takeshi, and Minoura, Kiyoshi
- Subjects
PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY ,CADMIUM ,QUANTUM dots ,MANUFACTURING processes ,ATMOSPHERE ,INFORMATION display systems ,DISPLAY systems - Abstract
We report and discuss the challenges to realize a nanoLED based display from the perspective of materials and processes. Additionally, we report on an active‐matrix nanoLED display using cadmium free Quantum Dots (QDs) patterned by photolithography in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. On‐substrate derivatization for detection of highly volatile G‐series chemical warfare agents via paper spray mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Mach, Phillip M., Dhummakupt, Elizabeth S., Carmany, Daniel O., McBride, Ethan M., Busch, Michael W., Demond, Paul S., Rizzo, Gabrielle M., Hollinshead, Donna E., and Glaros, Trevor
- Subjects
CHEMICAL warfare ,ATMOSPHERE ,DERIVATIZATION ,LIQUID chromatography ,TANDEM mass spectrometry - Abstract
Rationale: The analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) from ambient atmosphere presents an analytical challenge due to their ease of degradation and volatility. Herein is described a method for derivatizing CWAs directly onto a paper spray substrate prior to analysis. This derivatization allows for much longer times of analysis without sample degradation and with little to no sample preparation. Methods: Derivatization was performed using 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol both in‐vial and directly on paper spray cartridges. Solution studies were carried out over time and samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) operated in positive ion mode. Paper spray substrates impregnated with the derivatizing agent prior to CWA vapor capture were also analyzed over time using a mass spectrometer operated in positive ion mode. Results: Use of 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol as a paper spray substrate dopant enables derivatization of G‐series compounds into lower volatility complexes. The reaction occurs in solution and in the vapor phase. This new technique effectively traps and captures G‐series agents for analysis while extending the time for which the compound remains absorbed. The complex is highly suitable for direct analysis via paper spray mass spectrometry. Conclusions: Derivatization of paper spray substrates was shown to greatly increase the time for analysis of CWAs. This technique, combined with the vapor phase capture stage outlined previously, allows for rapid, quantitative CWA detection by paper spray ionization with little or no sample preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Determination of Gaseous and Particulate Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Separation and Collection with a Double Paper Tape Sampler)
- Author
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James P. Lodge
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,Materials science ,Paper tape ,Separation (aeronautics) ,Metallurgy ,Particulates - Published
- 2017
15. Reflection on two Ambio papers by P. J. Crutzen on ozone in the upper atmosphere:This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Ozone Layer
- Author
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Merete Bilde and Ole John Nielsen
- Subjects
Greenhouse Effect ,Ozone ,P. J. Crutzen ,Supersonic transport ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Political action ,Atmospheric sciences ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozone layer ,Montreal Protocol ,Environmental Chemistry ,Stratospheric ozone depletion ,Stratosphere ,Nitrous oxide ,Ecology ,Stratospheric Ozone ,Nuclear explosions ,Chloro-fluoro-carbons ,General Medicine ,Ozone depletion ,Anniversaries and Special Events ,chemistry ,Perspective ,Environmental science - Abstract
We here reflect on two important articles on stratospheric ozone depletion written by P. J. Crutzen (1974) and P. J. Crutzen and D. H. Ehhalt (1977) in the early 1970s. These articles provide a clear description of the stratosphere and the most important chemical reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. They present modeling results and provide recommendations for future research on stratospheric ozone depletion caused by chloro-fluoro-carbons, supersonic transport, nitrous oxide, and nuclear explosions. These two articles represent the beginning of a scientific era, which led to discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and political action in the form of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments.
- Published
- 2021
16. Study on the pyrolysis products in paper-making reconstituted tobacco substrate under different atmospheres and temperature ranges.
- Author
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FU Qi, LI Feng, SHI Jinwen, TAO Wenmei, and WEI Qing
- Subjects
- *
ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen , *POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons , *ATMOSPHERE , *TOBACCO , *MOLECULAR weights - Abstract
In order to study the effects of different atmospheres ( nitrogen and air) and temperature ranges (300 ~ 500 °C, 300 ~ 700 °C and 300 ~ 900 °C ) on the composition and amount of pyrolysis products in paper-making reconstituted tobacco substrates, solid phase microextraction, adsorption-desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used for analysis. The results showed that under the nitrogen and air atmospheres, the pyrolysis products of substrates at the range of 300 ~ 700 °C and 300 ~ 900 °C obviously increased when compared with those at the range of 300 ~500 °C . A large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins were produced in these two temperature ranges. Nicotine was only found in the pyrolysis products of substrates at the range of 300 ~ 500 °C. The contents of furfural and phytadiene were higher at these three temperature ranges. In the same temperature range,under the air atmosphere,the release amount of important cleavage products such as crotonaldehyde, 2-methyl-furan and furfural with relatively low molecular weight was higher than that under nitrogen atmosphere. The relative release of alcohols increased, and the presence of oxygen in air promoted the full combustion of substrates, thereby resulting in the reduction of total pyrolysis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Investigation of co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of municipal solid waste and paper sludge through TG-FTIR and DAEM
- Author
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Hongyu Huang, Lixing Ding, Chen Shu, Yan Lin, Shiwen Fang, and Zhen Huang
- Subjects
Residue (complex analysis) ,Materials science ,Municipal solid waste ,Kinetics ,02 engineering and technology ,Activation energy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010406 physical chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Atmosphere ,Chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Co pyrolysis ,Instrumentation ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
In order to explore a harmless and resource-based way to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) and paper sludge (PS), the co-pyrolysis MSW and PS was studied in this paper. Firstly, MSW and PS had the lower residue mass, and MSW had higher pyrolysis index under CO2 atmosphere, compared with the one under N2 atmosphere. Hence, the CO2 was used as the carrier gas in the following study. Secondly, under CO2 atmosphere, the co-pyrolysis of MSW and PS with and without MgO were researched. With the increasing of PS ratio, the pyrolysis performance of the blends decreased constantly. MgO act as catalyst could improve the pyrolysis characteristic index of the blends. However, MgO was an inorganic salt and it would affect the synergistic effect of MSW and PS. The curves of online evolutions of all the gas products and the functional groups had an obvious peak at around 500 ℃. The activation energy of the blends in the first step (
- Published
- 2021
18. Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and O3 on Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera): Reproductive Fitness
- Author
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Elina Vaapavuori, Joseph N.T. Darbah, Mark E. Kubiske, David F. Karnosky, Neil D. Nelson, and Elina Oksanen
- Subjects
Greenhouse Effect ,Short Communication ,lcsh:Medicine ,Germination ,Flowers ,seed production and germination ,lcsh:Technology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Trees ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozone ,Dry weight ,Botany ,elevated CO2 and O ,lcsh:Science ,Betula ,General Environmental Science ,Biomass (ecology) ,flowering ,biology ,Reproductive success ,paper birch ,Atmosphere ,lcsh:T ,Reproduction ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Carbon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Catkin ,chemistry ,Seedling ,Shoot ,Carbon dioxide ,Seeds ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Atmospheric CO2and tropospheric O3are rising in many regions of the world. Little is known about how these two commonly co-occurring gases will affect reproductive fitness of important forest tree species. Here, we report on the long-term effects of CO3and O3for paper birch seedlings exposed for nearly their entire life history at the Aspen FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. Elevated CO2increased both male and female flower production, while elevated O3increased female flower production compared to trees in control rings. Interestingly, very little flowering has yet occurred in combined treatment. Elevated CO2had significant positive effect on birch catkin size, weight, and germination success rate (elevated CO2increased germination rate of birch by 110% compared to ambient CO2concentrations, decreased seedling mortality by 73%, increased seed weight by 17%, increased root length by 59%, and root-to-shoot ratio was significantly decreased, all at 3 weeks after germination), while the opposite was true of elevated O3(elevated O3decreased the germination rate of birch by 62%, decreased seed weight by 25%, and increased root length by 15%). Under elevated CO2, plant dry mass increased by 9 and 78% at the end of 3 and 14 weeks, respectively. Also, the root and shoot lengths, as well as the biomass of the seedlings, were increased for seeds produced under elevated CO2, while the reverse was true for seedlings from seeds produced under the elevated O3. Similar trends in treatment differences were observed in seed characteristics, germination, and seedling development for seeds collected in both 2004 and 2005. Our results suggest that elevated CO2and O3can dramatically affect flowering, seed production, and seed quality of paper birch, affecting reproductive fitness of this species.
- Published
- 2007
19. Design of Microfluidic Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Nitrogen Dioxide in Atmosphere
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar Singh, Surya Tiwary, and Yameen Hassan
- Subjects
Pollutant ,business.industry ,Welding ,Combustion ,law.invention ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Nitric acid ,Environmental science ,Nitrogen dioxide ,Acid rain ,Process engineering ,business ,Sulfur dioxide - Abstract
Pollutant gases from industries and certain processes like welding, exhaust of internal combustion engines, use of explosives, use of nitric acid, etc., are the sources of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and N2O5) which become the part of atmosphere. The heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric aerosol convert these gases to sulphuric, nitrous, and nitric acids which precipitate as acid rain and thus severely affect human health. In this paper, the design of colorimetric paper-based microfluidic device is presented to detect and quantify nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In order to reduce the cost of device and ease of fabrication, wax printing for fabricating paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is proposed.
- Published
- 2019
20. A paleosol record of the evolution of Cr redox cycling and evidence for an increase in atmospheric oxygen during the Neoproterozoic.
- Author
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Colwyn DA, Sheldon ND, Maynard JB, Gaines R, Hofmann A, Wang X, Gueguen B, Asael D, Reinhard CT, and Planavsky NJ
- Subjects
- Chromium Isotopes chemistry, Ontario, Oxidation-Reduction, Paleontology, South Africa, United States, Atmosphere analysis, Chromium Isotopes analysis, Oxygen analysis, Soil chemistry
- Abstract
Atmospheric oxygen levels control the oxidative side of key biogeochemical cycles and place limits on the development of high-energy metabolisms. Understanding Earth's oxygenation is thus critical to developing a clearer picture of Earth's long-term evolution. However, there is currently vigorous debate about even basic aspects of the timing and pattern of the rise of oxygen. Chemical weathering in the terrestrial environment occurs in contact with the atmosphere, making paleosols potentially ideal archives to track the history of atmospheric O
2 levels. Here we present stable chromium isotope data from multiple paleosols that offer snapshots of Earth surface conditions over the last three billion years. The results indicate a secular shift in the oxidative capacity of Earth's surface in the Neoproterozoic and suggest low atmospheric oxygen levels (<1% PAL pO2 ) through the majority of Earth's history. The paleosol record also shows that localized Cr oxidation may have begun as early as the Archean, but efficient, modern-like transport of hexavalent Cr under an O2 -rich atmosphere did not become common until the Neoproterozoic., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Elucidation of formation mechanism of by-products of copper sulfide deposition on insulating paper in oil-immersed transformer.
- Author
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Mizuno, Kota, Nishiura, Ryuichi, Kato, Fukutaro, and Hikita, Masayuki
- Subjects
COPPER sulfide ,WASTE products ,ELECTRIC insulators & insulation ,PAPER ,INSULATING oils - Abstract
Copper sulfide deposition on cellulosic insulating materials in oil-immersed transformers is evaluated by heating tests stipulated by IEC 62535. Although this method is suitable for evaluation of the corrosivity of unused insulating oil, the subject remains in diagnosis of the insulating oil used. It is because dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS), which is the prime compounds that cause copper sulfide deposition, is consumed by the reaction with copper during operating of transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the existence of DBDS in insulating oil diagnosed as non-corrosivity by IEC 62535. The proceeding paper [6] reports that Bibenzyl (BiBz) and Dibenzyl sulfide (DBS) will be formed in the insulating oil as by-products of copper sulfide formation between copper and DBDS in oxygen-poor atmosphere which imitated the closed-type transformers. These by-products are considered to be the indication of copper sulfide formation. However, the influence of oxygen and addition agent (e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butylp- cresol) on the mechanism of the by-product formation is unclear. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the influence of oxygen and DBPC in by-products formation for development of diagnosis. It became apparent that benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid generate as by-products of copper sulfide formation in the air atmosphere which imitated the open-breathing transformers. Furthermore, it became apparent that the reaction product of benzyl radical and the radical of DBPC generates as by-product of copper sulfide formation in the insulating oil containing DBPC. These by-products are detectable even if DBDS disappears. Therefore, it is thought that diagnosis of the open-breathing transformer is possible by detecting these by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Answer to the Comments by Yu. D. Resnyanskii to the Papers by L. Kh. Ingel’ and A. A. Makosko
- Author
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Kh. Ingel and A. A. Makosko
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmosphere ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Gravitational field ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The critical comments to the publications by the authors ofthe present paper that were given in [10] (the publications deal with the possible effects of gravity field inhomogeneities in the atmosphere and ocean) are discussed. In the authors' opinion, some remarks are groundless. At the same time, the authors agree with one of the important remarks that the results of their paper concerning studies of the ocean disturbances are to be reconsidered.
- Published
- 2016
23. The Atmosphere of Safety: Freud’s 'Papers on Technique' (1911–1915)
- Author
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Roy Schafer
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,Environmental science ,Astrobiology - Published
- 2019
24. Effects of atmosphere on emotions and consumer behaviour at wineries
- Author
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Sassenberg, Anne-Marie, Sassenberg, Cindy, Sassenberg, Claudia, and Heneghan, Marie
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Gas transfer properties of wheat gluten coated paper adapted to eMAP of fresh parsley
- Author
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Carole Guillaume, Emmanuelle Gastaldi, David Guehi, Nathalie Gontard, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ADEME-AGRICE, ANR [ANR-07-PNRA-029], ANR-07-PNRA-0029,TAILORPACK,Emballages actifs biodégradables adaptés à la conservation des fruits et légumes frais(2007), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
Gas permeation ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Modified atmosphere packaging ,Wheat gluten ,OXYGEN ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,RELATIVE-HUMIDITY ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Gas transfer ,BARRIER PROPERTIES ,QUALITY ,Food science ,Coated paper ,GREASE RESISTANCE ,Microstructure ,TEMPERATURE ,VEGETABLES ,0303 health sciences ,EDIBLE FILMS ,Chromatography ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Permeation ,ATMOSPHERE ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,WATER-VAPOR ,Modified atmosphere ,Chlorophyll ,Steady state (chemistry) ,Food Science - Abstract
Gas transfer properties of wheat gluten (WG) coated paper and their ability to fulfil the requirements in eMAP of fresh parsley were studied. Permeation of gases through WG-paper was demonstrated to be RH-dependent and closely related to structural modification in the WG layer. Formation of micro-cracks was evidenced in dry conditions; but when increasing RH, plasticisation occurs within the protein layer and micro-fractures were reduced until disappearance. This reversible phenomenon allowed the WG-layer to recover its integrity at RH higher than 70%, and the WG character to be expressed in such conditions. When used at 20 degrees C and 80% RH as part of the packaging of parsley, modified atmosphere was created and a steady state of 11 kPa O-2 and 4.5 kPa CO2 was reached after 45 h. In such conditions, the overall quality of parsley leaves remained acceptable during 8 days, with only 28% loss of chlorophyll. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2013
26. Ageing of oil impregnated thermally upgraded papers
- Author
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Lars E. Lundgaard, Marit-Helen Glomm Ese, Cecilie Mork Selsbak, and Knut Brede Liland
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,Hydrolysis ,Improved performance ,Argon ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Transformer oil ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Pulp and paper industry ,Water content ,Nitrogen ,Argon atmosphere - Abstract
Investigation of the difference in the ageing process for several thermally upgraded and non-upgraded papers in transformer oil was performed. We observed that the level of nitrogen in the papers is crucial for the resistance towards hydrolysis. One of the papers in the experiment did not fulfil the upgrade specification with respect to the nitrogen level (data sheet). For hydrolysis of wet oil impregnated samples in argon atmosphere the upgraded papers seem to degrade less than non-upgraded papers. The paper with highest level of nitrogen degrades less than those with lower levels. The Insuldur process seems to be the best way of thermally upgrading the paper (Upgrade 1) and this also gives the highest level of nitrogen. For one of the upgraded samples (Upgrade 2) the nitrogen disappears completely after startup and this paper behaves as non-upgraded for the highest temperature. Dry oil impregnated paper (0.2% water content) under argon atmosphere does not seem to be hydrolysed and ages at a very slow rate. In the case of oxidation of dry oil impregnated samples (0.2% water content) in air there are initially no significant difference between non-upgraded and upgraded papers. However, the upgraded papers seem to have an improved performance after the water production from ageing becomes significant. The oxidation activation energy for non-upgraded paper is lower compared to hydrolysis and for upgraded paper this difference is smaller.
- Published
- 2011
27. Estimating and tracking the remaining carbon budget for stringent climate targets.
- Author
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Rogelj J, Forster PM, Kriegler E, Smith CJ, and Séférian R
- Subjects
- Earth, Planet, Environmental Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Feedback, Global Warming legislation & jurisprudence, Human Activities legislation & jurisprudence, International Cooperation legislation & jurisprudence, Paris, Reproducibility of Results, Time Factors, Uncertainty, Atmosphere chemistry, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Global Warming prevention & control, Global Warming statistics & numerical data, Goals, Models, Theoretical, Temperature
- Abstract
Research reported during the past decade has shown that global warming is roughly proportional to the total amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This makes it possible to estimate the remaining carbon budget: the total amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide that can still be emitted into the atmosphere while holding the global average temperature increase to the limit set by the Paris Agreement. However, a wide range of estimates for the remaining carbon budget has been reported, reducing the effectiveness of the remaining carbon budget as a means of setting emission reduction targets that are consistent with the Paris Agreement. Here we present a framework that enables us to track estimates of the remaining carbon budget and to understand how these estimates can improve over time as scientific knowledge advances. We propose that application of this framework may help to reconcile differences between estimates of the remaining carbon budget and may provide a basis for reducing uncertainty in the range of future estimates.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Pyrolysis volatiles and environmental impacts of printing paper in air
- Author
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Jinxiang Chen, Le Pan, Gang Wu, Hao Ren, Juan Xie, and Yong Wang
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,Scientific method ,Environmental chemistry ,Air atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mass spectrometry ,Chemical reaction ,Oxygen ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Pyrolysis volatiles and the environmental impact of printing paper in an air atmosphere were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. CO2 and light-pollution products were found to be the major products from pyrolysis volatiles; furthermore, because oxygen participates in the chemical reaction, many of the pyrolysis volatiles emitted during the paper printing process were different from those formed under an N2 atmosphere. Although a small number of the volatiles were moderately toxic products, the concentrations of these volatiles were low. Heat-induced inkless eco-printing (HIEP) was found to take less time than the pyrolysis experiment in this paper and thus resulted in fewer pyrolysis volatiles. Thus, fewer pyrolysis volatiles will be emitted within the practical temperature range; in particular, no carcinogens were emitted in the pyrolysis temperature range of 250–700 °C. Therefore, HIEP was found to be an ecologically and environmentally preferable technology.
- Published
- 2014
29. Thermal aging of paper and pressboard in mineral and ester oils under air and nitrogen atmospheres.
- Author
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Coulibaly, M-L., Perrier, C., Beroual, A., and Marugan, M.
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to simulate an accelerated ageing of paper and high density pressboard type B.3.1 in three different liquids (mineral oil MO, natural ester VO and synthetic ester SE) for different periods of ageing at 130°C. The materials were aged in sealed vessels under two different atmospheres: air and nitrogen gaps. The effects of aging on physicochemical properties of oil and cellulose are analyzed and compared. It is shown that ageing rate of pressboard and paper are comparable in each type of oil. Nevertheless, it can be underlined that cellulosic materials are less affected after aging in ester oils evidencing a higher degree of polymerization (DPv). The use of 2-FAL in ester oils remains questionable. The reduction of oxygen content in mineral oil minimizes ageing of oil more than solid insulating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Influences of oxygen and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol on copper sulfide deposition on insulating paper in oil-immersed transformer insulation.
- Author
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Kawarai, H., Uehara, Y., Mizuno, K., Toyama, S., Nagao, E., Hosokawa, N., and Amimoto, T.
- Subjects
OXYGEN ,CRESOL ,COPPER sulfide ,ELECTRIC insulators & insulation ,ELECTRIC transformers ,CELLULOSE insulation ,HEATING ,PHOTONICS - Abstract
Copper sulfide deposition on cellulosic insulating materials in oil-immersed transformers was investigated by heating tests stipulated by IEC 62535 with controlled atmospheres to which mineral insulating oils were exposed. Both oxygen in the atmosphere and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC) in the oil were found to accelerate the copper sulfide deposition on the insulating paper when the oil contains dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS). The weight of copper sulfide deposition on the insulating paper was found to increase when the oxygen concentration was increased up to 20 volume %. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis was applied to study the chemical bonding state of copper atoms in copper deposits on the insulating paper for the first time. It can be clarified the copper deposits on the insulating paper are mainly Cu2S and small amounts of CuO are contained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Answer to the Comments by Yu. D. Resnyanskii to the Papers by L. Kh. Ingel' and A. A. Makosko.
- Author
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Ingel', . and Makosko, A.
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITY , *FORCE & energy , *MECHANICS (Physics) , *ATMOSPHERE , *INHOMOGENEOUS materials - Abstract
The critical comments to the publications by the authors ofthe present paper that were given in [10] (the publications deal with the possible effects of gravity field inhomogeneities in the atmosphere and ocean) are discussed. In the authors' opinion, some remarks are groundless. At the same time, the authors agree with one of the important remarks that the results of their paper concerning studies of the ocean disturbances are to be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. MEASUREMENT OF ALPHA RADIOACTIVE AIRBORNE DUST COLLECTED ON CELLULOSE ASBESTOS FILTER PAPER. $alpha$ RAY SPECTROMETRY AND INFILTRATION OF RADIOACTIVE DUST INTO A FILTER PAPER.
- Author
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Kuroda, H
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Behaviour of Paper Treated in a Carbon Dioxide Modified Atmosphere
- Author
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Svetlana A. Dobrusina and Valeria I. Kobiakova
- Subjects
Carbonic acid ,Chemistry ,Air pollution ,Environmental engineering ,Humidity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Conservation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pulp and paper industry ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Modified atmosphere ,Carbon dioxide ,Media Technology ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Relative humidity ,Carbon - Abstract
The treatment of museum exhibits, including books and archival documents, in an atmoshpere containing a high concentration of carbon dioxide is one of the techniques using a modified atmosphere for the fumigation of objects. The efficiency of this method for pest infestation is confirmed by its commercial application. Some companies (for example, RENTOKIL) have developed stationary and portable extermination equipment. The concentration of the carbon dioxide in a gas mixture is between 58-75 per cent, the temperature during the disinfecting procedure is kept within 19-30 degrees C, and the relative humidity is kept to 70 per cent. The efficiency of this prodecure as an effective technique against microorgnisms has not been studied fully. There is evidence of both positive and negative results. Specific data on the influence of a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere on the physical and chemical properties is limited. In theory this treatment could be dangerous for paper because of the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water. In order to decrease the possible destructive influence of this treatment used on textile museum objects, humidity in a chamber has been kept at no more than 50 per cent. According to the data of the German conservator Binker the fumigation of a wooden altarpiece in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide did not have any adverse affect on the material or colouring of the wooden sculpture. The purpose of our research was to investigate the influence of a modified, carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere on the properties of paper.
- Published
- 2003
34. ROLE OF THE TROPOPAUSE IN STRATOSPHERIC--TROPOSPHERIC EXCHANGE PROCESSES. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 107.
- Author
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Mahlman, J.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Flexible Paper-Based Microdischarge Array Device: A Novel Route to Cost-Effective and Simple Setup Microplasma Generation Devices.
- Author
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Yang, Yao-Jhen and Hsu, Cheng-Che
- Subjects
- *
MICROPLASMAS , *ELECTRIC discharges , *PLASMA generators , *PLASMA production , *FABRICATION (Manufacturing) , *MICROARRAY technology - Abstract
A low-cost and simple-arranged paper-based microplasma array device made by tape and Xerox paper was presented. Uniform array of discharge can be sustained in Ar, He, and ambient air atmosphere. Stable discharge can be sustained for at least 55 min when plasma is ignited in Ar ambient, based on the examination of time-resolved optical emission spectra. Throughout the conditions investigated, the power consumed by the device was well below 0.3 W. We also demonstrated that stable and uniform discharge can be generated when the device was bent to a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comment on the paper 'Mars Express radio occultation data: A novel analysis approach' by Grandin et al. (2014)
- Author
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Kerstin Peter, G. L. Tyler, Michael K. Bird, Martin Pätzold, Silvia Tellmann, and Bernd Häusler
- Subjects
Physics ,Electron density ,Number density ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mars Exploration Program ,Geophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Atmosphere ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Radio occultation ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Noise (radio) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Radio Science ,Exosphere - Abstract
In their recent paper, Grandin et al. (2014) claim to have developed a novel approach, principally a ray tracing method, to analyze radio sounding data from occulted spacecraft signals by planetary atmospheres without the usual assumptions of the radio occultation inversion method of a stratified, layered, symmetric atmosphere. They apply their " new approach" to observations of the Mars Express Radio Science (MaRS) experiment and compare their resulting temperature, neutral number density and electron density profiles with those from MaRS, claiming that there is good agreement with the observations. The fact is, however, that there are serious disagreements in the most important altitude ranges. Their temperature profile shows a 30 K shift or a 300σ (1σ standard deviation = 0.1 K for the MaRS profile near the surface) difference towards warmer temperatures at the surface when compared with MaRS while the MaRS profile is in best agreement with the profile from the Mars Climate Data Base V5.0 (MCD V5.0). Their full temperature profile from the surface to 250 km altitude deviates significantly from the MCD V5.0 profile. Their ionospheric electron density profile is considerably different from that derived from the MaRs observations. Although Grandin et al. (2014) claim to derive the neutral number density and temperature profiles above 200 km, including the asymptotic exosphere temperature, it is simply not possible to derive this information from what is essentially noise.
- Published
- 2016
37. Effects of robot restaurants’ food quality, service quality and high-tech atmosphere perception on customers’ behavioral intentions
- Author
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Zhu, Dong Hong
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Simultaneous Determination of Atmospheric Radon by Filter Paper and Charcoal Adsorptive Techniques
- Author
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Shleien, Bernard
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. RETENTION POWER OF FIBER PAPER FILTERS FOR SMALL RADIOACTIVE IONS IN THE AIR.
- Author
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Fontan, J
- Published
- 1964
40. Carbonation of alkaline paper mill waste to reduce CO2 greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere
- Author
-
François Renard, Rafael Pérez-López, J.M. Nieto, German Montes-Hernandez, Laurent Charlet, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Department of Geology, University of Huelva, University of Huelva, Physics of Geological Processes [Oslo] (PGP), Department of Physics [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Department of Geosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2011-2015] (ISTerre [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2011-2015] (ISTerre [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
020209 energy ,Carbonation ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Mineralogy ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Carbon sequestration ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Portlandite ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Greenhouse effect ,Dissolution ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Calcite ,Chemistry ,Pollution ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,engineering - Abstract
International audience; The global warming of Earth's near-surface, air and oceans in recent decades is a direct consequence of anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere such as CO2, CH4, N2O and CFCs. The CO2 emissions contribute approximately 60% to this climate change. This study investigates experimentally the aqueous carbonation mechanisms of an alkaline paper mill waste containing about 55 wt% portlandite (Ca(OH)2) as a possible mineralogical CO2 sequestration process. The overall carbonation reaction includes the following steps: (1) Ca release from portlandite dissolution, (2) CO2 dissolution in water and (3) CaCO3 precipitation. This CO2 sequestration mechanism was supported by geochemical modelling of final solutions using PHREEQC software, and observations by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction of final reaction products. According to the experimental protocol, the system proposed would favour the total capture of approx. 218 kg of CO2 into stable calcite/ton of paper waste, independently of initial CO2 pressure. The final product from the carbonation process is a calcite (ca. 100 wt%)-water dispersion. Indeed, the total captured CO2 mineralized as calcite could be stored in degraded soils or even used for diverse industrial applications. This result demonstrates the possibility of using the alkaline liquid–solid waste for CO2 mitigation and reduction of greenhouse effect gases into the atmosphere.
- Published
- 2008
41. Paper Friction -Effect of Real Contact Area
- Author
-
Tatsuo Yamauchi, Jun Sato, and Noriaki Kawashima
- Subjects
Friction effect ,Microscope ,Chemistry ,Plane (geometry) ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Mechanics ,Measure (mathematics) ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,Atmosphere ,Optics ,law ,Relative humidity ,Contact area ,business - Abstract
Relating to real contact area against plane smooth surface, effects of the measuring conditions on paper friction, surrounding atmosphere and applied pressure, were examined. An optical interference method using a scanning laser microscope was adopted to measure the real contact area against a plane smooth surface. The estimated contact area of paper is around 1% of nominal area for common papers. The increase in the contact area with increasing relative humidity is considered as a cause of the increase in the friction coefficient with an increase in relative humidity. The contact area of paper generally increased in a ratio of two-thirds power of the apparent pressure over a wide range of pressure. It suggested that contact of paper was generally elastic and this fact was one reason describing the decrease in the coefficient with increasing apparent pressure. However the decrease in the coefficient is little and the frictional behavior of paper can not be fully described by the contact area against a smooth surface.
- Published
- 2008
42. Paper Friction at the Various Measuring Conditions -Effect of Relative Humidity
- Author
-
Noriaki Kawashima, Jun Sato, and Tatsuo Yamauchi
- Subjects
Materials science ,Capillary action ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Humidity ,General Medicine ,humanities ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Critical relative humidity ,Aluminium ,Relative humidity ,Wetting ,Cellulose ,Composite material - Abstract
Friction of commercial papers under dry, moderate and humid atmospheres was examined, comparing with those of cellulose film and aluminum foil. The friction coefficient between different papers generally gave their intermediate value. The coefficient between equal cellulosic materials including paper increased with humidity, while that of aluminum against aluminum was constant irrespective of surrounding humidity. However the surface wetting with a slight amount of water on aluminum caused rapid increase in the coefficient. The capillary force may cause this phenomenon, and the sharp increase of friction between cellulose films in humid atmosphere was similar to that observed with aluminum foils which were wetted with a slight amount of water. These suggest that the capillary force by a slight amount of water may raise frictional force of cellulosic materials including paper at high humidity.
- Published
- 2008
43. The impact of new affective components on museum visitor retention: the context of major city event using SEM and CTree
- Author
-
Gorgadze, Aleksei, Sinitsyna, Anastasia, Trabskaya, Julia, and Bala, To'neill
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Determining the collection efficiency of gummed paper for the deposition of radioactive contaminants in simulated rain
- Author
-
M.L. Frank, K.M. Thiessen, F.O. Hoffman, and B. G. Blaylock
- Subjects
Pollution ,Paper ,Radioactive Fallout ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Radioactive fallout ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rain ,Radioactive waste ,Contamination ,Atmosphere ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,Environmental chemistry ,Adhesives ,Environmental science ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Surface runoff ,media_common - Abstract
An extensive network of gummed paper collectors was used during the 1950s for routine monitoring of radioactive fallout from weapons testing. The experiments reported in this paper were designed to examine the collection efficiency of gummed paper for wet deposition of several types of soluble and insoluble radioactive contaminants under conditions similar to those found during natural rainstorms. The collection efficiencies for each substance were determined over a range of rainfall amounts and at two separate rainfall intensities. The collection efficiency of the gummed paper is highest for large insoluble particles and lowest for soluble ionic substances. The values for 7Be and 131I ranged from about 0.30 (30%) at 2.5 mm of rain to 0.04-0.06 (4%-6%) at 20 mm of rain. These values were negatively correlated with the amount of rain and were unaffected by rain intensity. This suggests that the collection efficiency of either ion is simply a matter of rapid saturation and runoff. Neither rain amount nor rain intensity has much effect on the collection efficiency of large insoluble particles. These particles seem to settle readily onto the surface of the gummed paper from which they are not easily removed by additional rain. Analysis of the collection efficiencies of the gummed paper included the activity of both the gummed paper and the standing water on the paper. A large portion of the activity for the ionic substances was found in the standing water. There was less activity by insoluble particles in standing water. This indicates that for estimates of deposition of soluble substances, considerable bias could be introduced into the results if the standing water is discarded prior to analysis.
- Published
- 1992
45. The changing effects of Alaska’s boreal forests on the climate systemThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming
- Author
-
T. S. Rupp, F. S. Chapin, A. D. McGuire, and Eugénie S. Euskirchen
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Taiga ,Climate change ,Forestry ,Albedo ,Snow ,Atmosphere ,Boreal ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,Ecosystem - Abstract
In the boreal forests of Alaska, recent changes in climate have influenced the exchange of trace gases, water, and energy between these forests and the atmosphere. These changes in the structure and function of boreal forests can then feed back to impact regional and global climates. In this manuscript, we examine the type and magnitude of the climate feedbacks from boreal forests in Alaska. Research generally suggests that the net effect of a warming climate is a positive regional feedback to warming. Currently, the primary positive climate feedbacks are likely related to decreases in surface albedo due to decreases in snow cover. Fewer negative feedbacks have been identified, and they may not be large enough to counterbalance the large positive feedbacks. These positive feedbacks are most pronounced at the regional scale and reduce the resilience of the boreal vegetation – climate system by amplifying the rate of regional warming. Given the recent warming in this region, the large variety of associated mechanisms that can alter terrestrial ecosystems and influence the climate system, and a reduction in the boreal forest resilience, there is a strong need to continue to quantify and evaluate the feedback pathways.
- Published
- 2010
46. This inorganic fiber-based paper passively cools buildings, vehicles and much more.
- Subjects
LIGHT scattering ,SOLAR radiation ,ATMOSPHERE - Abstract
Researchers at Northeastern University have developed a new paper material made from fibers of a calcium-based material called hydroxyapatite that has the potential to passively cool buildings and vehicles, reducing the need for air conditioning. The paper is capable of reflecting solar radiation and has a high infrared emittance, allowing heat to escape. The material is produced using a precipitation method and can be incorporated into a roll-to-roll process for large-scale production. The researchers have formed a startup company called Plank Energies to commercialize the paper. The hydroxyapatite fibers are biocompatible and have intrinsic properties such as fire resistance and self-cleaning capabilities. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
47. The Influence of Paper Wraps on the Quality of 'd'Anjou' Pears after Controlled Atmosphere Storage
- Author
-
Stephen R. Drake, D.C. Elfving, and R.D. Gix
- Subjects
Controlled atmosphere ,Ethoxyquin ,biology ,Flesh ,Ripening ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Soluble solids ,Carbon dioxide ,Pyrus communis - Abstract
Pears (Pyrus communis `d'Anjou') were packed in six commercial paper wraps (dry; 3% oil; 3% oil with copper and ethoxyquin; 6% oil; 6% oil with ethoxyquin; 9% oil). After packing, the pears were placed in three different controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions in commercial CA rooms: 1) 1.5% oxygen (O) and 1% carbon dioxide (CO2); 2) 1.5% O2 and 3% CO2; 3) 1.5% O2 and 1% CO2 for 60 days, 4% O2 for 60 more days and finally 6% O2 for an additional 90 days. Pears were stored in CA for 120 and 210 days, with or without an additional 30 days in regular atmosphere (RA) storage to simulate shipping and handling. Objective quality evaluations were conducted after each storage period and sensory evaluations after 210 days of storage. Paper type influenced both the peel and flesh color of pears before and after ripening, but did not influence firmness, soluble solids or acid content. Subjective ratings of appearance and disorder incidence were unacceptable for pears stored in a variable atmosphere wrapped in dry or paper containing 3% oil. The disorder black speck was present only in pears wrapped in paper with 6% oil and stored in an atmosphere of 1.5% O2 and 1% CO2. Pears stored in an atmosphere of 1.5% O2 and 3% CO2 received acceptable subjective scores regardless of paper type.
- Published
- 2001
48. USE OF THE $alpha$/$beta$ RATIO TO REDUCE AIR FILTER PAPER DECAY PERIODS.
- Author
-
Denham, D
- Published
- 1967
49. Securing the volume/volumen: Comments on Stuart Elden's Plenary paper ‘Secure the volume’
- Author
-
Peter Adey
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Meteorology ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2013
50. EXTERNAL PIXE ANALYSIS OF OLD INKS AND PAPERS
- Author
-
M. Lamehi-Rachti, F. Shokouhi, Javad Rahighi, Abdollah Hassanzadeh, and P. Oliaiy
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,Materials science ,Optics ,Material analysis ,law ,business.industry ,Van de Graaff generator ,Mineralogy ,business ,law.invention - Abstract
Proton Induced X-ray Emission, PIXE is a very well established analytical method. This technique of analysis can equally be applied both in vacuum, internal PIXE, and in atmosphere, external PIXE. External PIXE has been applied to material analysis in Van de Graaff laboratory at AEOI using filters and funny filters. Advantages of using these filters have been studied when analysing ancient written documents such as envelopes, inks, and newspapers. This technique clearly demonstrated the differences between new and old inks and papers. More data is needed to show other features of this technique.
- Published
- 1999
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