4,393 results
Search Results
2. Wild cane as a renewable source for fuel and fibre in the paper industry
- Author
-
Amalraj, V. A., Rakkiyappan, P., Neelamathi, D., Chinnaraj, S., and Subramanian, S.
- Published
- 2008
3. Tropospheric O3 Compromises Net Primary Production in Young Stands of Trembling Aspen, Paper Birch and Sugar Maple in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO2
- Author
-
King, John S., Kubiske, Mark E., Pregitzer, Kurt S., Hendrey, George R., McDonald, Evan P., Giardina, Christian P., Quinn, Vanessa S., and Karnosky, David F.
- Published
- 2005
4. Special Paper: Changes in miombo Woodland Structure under Different Land Tenure and Use Systems in Central Zambia
- Author
-
Chidumayo, E. N.
- Published
- 2002
5. Biomass and biohydrogen production during dark fermentation of Escherichia coli using office paper waste and cardboard.
- Author
-
Poladyan, Anna, Margaryan, Lena, Trchounian, Karen, and Trchounian, Armen
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *BIOMASS production , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *WASTE products , *SOLID waste - Abstract
Growth properties, oxidation-reduction potential kinetics and hydrogen production of Escherichia coli BW25113 parental strain (PS) and hydrogenase (Hyd)-negative mutants were investigated after fermentative growth using office paper waste and cardboard (PW) hydrolysate (PWH). PWH was obtained by using dilute acid method in a steam sterilizer for 1 h, 121 °C. Optimal conditions for bacterial growth and H 2 production were identified (PWH concentrations, pH 7.5). Recording of redox potential using a platinum electrode revealed a drop to −500 ± 10 mV, with a H 2 yield of ~1.45 mmol H 2 L−1 after 4 h of growth using PWH resulted in the formation of 0.20 ± 0.02 g bacterial cell dry weight L−1. Bacterial biomass formation was stimulated ~3-fold upon addition of 0.5% yeast extract, and H 2 production started early - at the beginning of the exponential phase. Moreover, mutants lacking Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 significantly enhanced H 2 production. The findings would be beneficial for the development of H 2 production biotechnology using cheap solid waste materials. • Office waste paper and cardboard hydrolisate (PWH) was upcycled for biomass and biohydrogen. • Dilute acid method in a steam sterilizer, pH adjustment to 7.5 were used for pretreatment. • E. coli wild type yielded H 2 of ~240 mL H 2 (g sugar)−1 at the 4th h of growth. • H 2 production was observed earlier upon 0.5% yeast extract added. • Mutations of hydrogenases Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 enhanced H 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Microalgal Growth in Paper Industry Effluent: Coupling Biomass Production with Nutrients Removal
- Author
-
Bruna Porto, Ana L. Gonçalves, Ana F. Esteves, Selene M. A. Guelli Ulson de Souza, Antônio A. Ulson de Souza, Vítor J. P. Vilar, and José C. M. Pires
- Subjects
biomass production ,Chlorella vulgaris ,microalgae ,nutrients removal ,paper industry effluent ,effluent treatment ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Paper and pulp industries produce effluents with high phosphorus concentrations, which need to be treated before their discharge in watercourses. The use of microalgae for this purpose has attracted the attention of researchers because: (i) microalgae can assimilate phosphorus (one of the main nutrients for their growth); and (ii) growing on effluents can significantly reduce the costs and environmental impact of microalgal biomass production. This study evaluated the growth and ability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove the phosphorus from a secondary-treated effluent of a Portuguese paper company. Batch experiments were performed for 11 days using different dilutions of the effluent to evaluate its inhibitory effect on microalgae. Results showed that the non-diluted effluent inhibited microalgal growth, indicating that this bioremediation process is possible after a previous dilution of the effluent. Regarding phosphorus removal, promising results were achieved, especially in the experiments conducted with the most diluted effluent: removal efficiencies obtained in these conditions were (54 ± 1)%. Another interesting finding of this study was microalgal growth in flakes’ form (mainly due to the compounds present in the effluent and to the pH values achieved), which can be an important economic advantage for biomass recovery after the remediation step.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Bio-carbon production by oxidation and hydrothermal carbonization of paper recycling black liquor.
- Author
-
Al-Kaabi, Zainab, Pradhan, Ranjan, Thevathasan, Naresh, Gordon, Andrew, Chiang, Yi Wai, and Dutta, Animesh
- Subjects
- *
HYDROTHERMAL carbonization , *PAPER recycling , *BIOMASS production , *CARBON , *OXIDATION , *SULFATE waste liquor , *INDUSTRIAL wastes - Abstract
Abstract Black liquor, an industrial waste, also generally called spent liquor is a promising feedstock for production of bio-carbon due to its high lignin and energy contents. Mild processing conditions and sustainable resource utilization can drive commercial utilization of this industrial waste. A novel oxidative procedure using hydrogen peroxide as a green liquid oxidant at room temperature for processing of paper recycling neutral sulphite semi-chemical spent liquor was established and evaluations were carried out for its efficiency. Standard hydrothermal carbonization was carried out for comparing bio-carbon production qualitatively and quantitatively using the same spent liquor. The oxidation procedure was performed at room temperature using 5% of H 2 O 2 followed by washing in diluted sulfuric acid (0.15 N) while hydrothermal carbonization was performed at 250 °C. The bio-carbon produced were similar in terms of ash percentage and ranged from 1.25 ± 0.05 to 1.48 ± 0.05% for oxidation method and from 1.11 ± 0.03 to 1.45 ± 0.04% for hydrothermal carbonization. The carbon contents for the oxidation method ranged from 60.54 to 61.50% and 66.81–67.31% for hydrothermal carbonization while higher heating values ranged from 25.32 to 26.11 MJ/kg and from 28.68 to 29.34 MJ/kg respectively. The mass yield ranged from 29.98 to 31.88% by the oxidation, while it was 15.02–16.08% by hydrothermal carbonization. Highlights • Bio-carbon is generated from byproduct of plant that uses recycled paper feedstock. • Oxidation method is a promising approach to obtain pure bio-carbon from spent liquor. • Hydrothermal carbonization demands energy for pure bio-carbon production. • Bio-carbon from both methods differ quantitatively but are similar qualitatively. • Bio-carbon can be a potential platform for environmental friendly fuel and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Optimization of Microalgae–Bacteria Consortium in the Treatment of Paper Pulp Wastewater.
- Author
-
Sátiro, Josivaldo, Cunha, André, Gomes, Ana P., Simões, Rogério, and Albuquerque, Antonio
- Subjects
PAPER pulp ,ALGAL communities ,BIOMASS production ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,SEWAGE ,UPFLOW anaerobic sludge blanket reactors - Abstract
Featured Application: Inoculation strategies for microalgae and bacteria consortium for the treatment of paper pulp industry effluents with an increase in biomass sedimentation and algae biomass recovery. The microalgae–bacteria consortium is a promising and sustainable alternative for industrial wastewater treatment, since it may allow good removal of organic matter and nutrients, as well as the possibility of producing products with added value from the algae biomass. This research investigated the best bacterial and microalgae inoculation ratio for system start-up and evaluation of removing organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH
4 + –N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 − –N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 − –N), phosphate phosphorus (PO4 3− –P) and biomass formation parameters in six photobioreactors with a total volume of 1000 mL. Reactors were operated for 14 days with the following ratios of pulp mill biomass aerobic (BA) and Scenedesmus sp. microalgae (MA): 0:1 (PBR1), 1:0 (PBR2), 1:1 (PBR3), 3:1 (PBR4), 5:1 (PBR5), and 1:3 (PBR6). Results show that COD removal was observed in just two days of operation in PBR4, PBR5, and PBR6, whereas for the other reactors (with a lower rate of initial inoculation) it took five days. The PBR5 and PBR6 performed better in terms of NH4 + –N removal, with 86.81% and 77.11%, respectively, which can be attributed to assimilation by microalgae and nitrification by bacteria. PBR6, with the highest concentration of microalgae, had the higher PO4 3− –P removal (86%), showing the advantage of algae in consortium with bacteria for phosphorus uptake. PBR4 and PBR5, with the highest BA, led to a better biomass production and sedimentability on the second day of operation, with flocculation efficiencies values over 90%. Regarding the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), protein production was substantially higher in PBR4 and PBR5, with more BA, with average concentrations of 49.90 mg/L and 49.05 mg/L, respectively. The presence of cyanobacteria and Chlorophyceae was identified in all reactors except PBR1 (only MA), which may indicate a good formation and structuring of the microalgae–bacteria consortium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that filamentous microalgae were employed as a foundation for the fixation of bacteria and other algae colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Microalgal Growth in Paper Industry Effluent: Coupling Biomass Production with Nutrients Removal.
- Author
-
Porto, Bruna, Gonçalves, Ana L., Esteves, Ana F., Souza, Selene M. A. Guelli Ulson de, Souza, Antônio A. Ulson de, Vilar, Vítor J. P., and Pires, José C. M.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,BIOMASS production ,GROWTH industries ,CHLORELLA vulgaris ,MICROALGAE - Abstract
Paper and pulp industries produce effluents with high phosphorus concentrations, which need to be treated before their discharge in watercourses. The use of microalgae for this purpose has attracted the attention of researchers because: (i) microalgae can assimilate phosphorus (one of the main nutrients for their growth); and (ii) growing on effluents can significantly reduce the costs and environmental impact of microalgal biomass production. This study evaluated the growth and ability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove the phosphorus from a secondary-treated effluent of a Portuguese paper company. Batch experiments were performed for 11 days using different dilutions of the effluent to evaluate its inhibitory effect on microalgae. Results showed that the non-diluted effluent inhibited microalgal growth, indicating that this bioremediation process is possible after a previous dilution of the effluent. Regarding phosphorus removal, promising results were achieved, especially in the experiments conducted with the most diluted effluent: removal efficiencies obtained in these conditions were (54 ± 1)%. Another interesting finding of this study was microalgal growth in flakes' form (mainly due to the compounds present in the effluent and to the pH values achieved), which can be an important economic advantage for biomass recovery after the remediation step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Establishment of poplars in soils amended with fibercake residuals from paper and containerboard production.
- Author
-
Rogers, Elizabeth R., Zalesny Jr., Ronald S., Benzel, Tracy, and Wiese, Adam H.
- Subjects
COTTONWOOD ,POPLARS ,SOILS ,BIOMASS production ,PAPER mills ,SOIL amendments - Abstract
Hybrid poplars (Populus sp.) are increasingly implemented in agroforestry systems across the U.S., mainly for their biomass production, carbon allocation, and ecosystem services. While agroforestry systems are usually established on marginal land, soil amendments, such as paper mill fibercake residuals, can provide necessary nutrients such as nitrogen (N) to increase poplar yield. To assess the effects of such amendments on poplar early growth and establishment, three clones (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh × P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM114'; P. deltoides × P. nigra L. 'DN170'; P. nigra × P. maximowczii 'NM2') were grown in a greenhouse for 35 days in soils amended with fibercake residuals from two northern Wisconsin sources (Expera Specialty Solutions, EXP, Rhinelander, WI; Packaging Corporation of America, PCA, Tomahawk, WI). Trees were grown in eleven different soil treatments (one potting mix control, one nursery soil treatment, and nine nursery soil-fibercake blends), with soils mixed according to tillable depth and N application rates. Expera treatments produced 4–30% greater values for growth parameters (excluding root number) and 2% greater values for biomass parameters (excluding root dry mass and root–shoot ratio) than other treatments containing fibercake (i.e., PCA and combined EXP + PCA treatments). Clone 'NM2' produced the greatest values for all parameters tested, while 'DM114' and 'DN170' values were typically intermediate and low, respectively. 'NM2' grown in Expera soils produced the highest values for all parameters, suggesting that 'NM2' has potential for greater early growth and biomass production on agroforestry sites amended with Expera fibercake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Microalgal Growth in Paper Industry Effluent: Coupling Biomass Production with Nutrients Removal
- Author
-
Vítor J.P. Vilar, Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza, José C.M. Pires, Ana F. Esteves, Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza, Ana L. Gonçalves, Bruna Porto, and Faculdade de Engenharia
- Subjects
Serial dilution ,Environmental remediation ,020209 energy ,Chlorella vulgaris ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,lcsh:Technology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,effluent treatment ,lcsh:Chemistry ,nutrients removal ,Bioremediation ,Nutrient ,paper industry effluent ,biomass production ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Instrumentation ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,lcsh:T ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Pulp (paper) ,microalgae ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Pulp and paper industry ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Computer Science Applications ,Dilution ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,engineering ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
Paper and pulp industries produce effluents with high phosphorus concentrations, which need to be treated before their discharge in watercourses. The use of microalgae for this purpose has attracted the attention of researchers because: (i) microalgae can assimilate phosphorus (one of the main nutrients for their growth), and (ii) growing on effluents can significantly reduce the costs and environmental impact of microalgal biomass production. This study evaluated the growth and ability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove the phosphorus from a secondary-treated effluent of a Portuguese paper company. Batch experiments were performed for 11 days using different dilutions of the effluent to evaluate its inhibitory effect on microalgae. Results showed that the non-diluted effluent inhibited microalgal growth, indicating that this bioremediation process is possible after a previous dilution of the effluent. Regarding phosphorus removal, promising results were achieved, especially in the experiments conducted with the most diluted effluent: removal efficiencies obtained in these conditions were (54 ±, 1)%. Another interesting finding of this study was microalgal growth in flakes&rsquo, form (mainly due to the compounds present in the effluent and to the pH values achieved), which can be an important economic advantage for biomass recovery after the remediation step.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Enhanced production of biodiesel by Rhodosporidium toruloides using waste office paper hydrolysate as feedstock: Optimization and characterization.
- Author
-
Nair, Anu Sadasivan and Sivakumar, Nallusamy
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *MICROBIAL lipids , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *WASTE products as fuel , *WASTE management , *BIODIESEL fuels , *BIOMASS production - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Waste office paper was utilized as a substrate for microbial lipid production. • A detailed optimization study has been conducted for biomass and lipid yield. • Optimization results in10.55 g/L biomass, 6.13 g/L lipid with 58% lipid content. • Biodiesel properties of the produced lipids met with the international standards. • A solution to mitigate the hazardous effects caused by waste and fossil fuel. Environmental issues caused by fossil fuel and its rapid depletion demand the need to produce biofuel from renewable energy resources. The disposal of waste paper in landfills causes air pollution and contaminates groundwater. Hence, exploiting paper waste as a renewable resource for microbial lipid production can solve these environmental issues in a greener way. Further, these microbial lipids are a reliable source for biodiesel production. In this study, waste office paper was utilized as a substrate to produce microbial lipids through fermentation by the oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, using a biorefinery approach. The production conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken design; a fermentation time of 116.16 h, a C/N ratio of 60, and an inoculum concentration of 9.67% yielded a biomass of 10.55 g/L and a lipid yield of 6.13 g/L with a total lipid content of 58%. The major lipids produced were oleic acid (42%), palmitic acid (36%), stearic acid (9.8%), and myristic acid (8%), which clearly indicates the suitability of the lipids produced by R. toruloides for biodiesel production. The predicted biodiesel properties of the transesterified product met the international standard specifications. Hence, utilizing waste office paper for biodiesel production will be an effective way of mitigating the environmental pollution caused by waste paper and the harvesting of fossil fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Investigation of a traditional reed economy ( Phragmites australis) under threat: pulp and paper market, values and Netchain at Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Author
-
Köbbing, J., Beckmann, V., Thevs, N., Peng, H., and Zerbe, S.
- Subjects
PHRAGMITES australis ,PAPER industry ,WETLAND plants ,BIOMASS production ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Common Reed ( Phragmites australis) is a wetland plant which is distributed worldwide, has a high biomass production, and provides important ecosystem services. In many developing and emerging countries it is an easily available and cheap raw material for diverse utilization, which may contribute significantly to employment and income generation for the local population. This case study investigates the reed utilization for pulp and paper production at the eutrophic Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, China. We analysed the fluxes of materials and money along the supply chain (reed harvesting, processing and supply to final users, i.e. paper mills) as well as the division of work and costs at each production layer (network), based on the Netchain theory. The results make evident the importance of the paper industry and reed harvesting for local livelihood. They further reveal that the reed economy at Wuliangsuhai Lake is threatened by rising environmental standards for paper mills, change of market conditions and dependency on only two customers. Increasing revenues by finding new consumers or/and products, come to long-term contracts and improving harvesting efficiency are presented as ways to convert these threats into new opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Biodegradation of pulp and paper mill effluent by co-culturing ascomycetous fungi in repeated batch process.
- Author
-
Rajwar, Deepika, Paliwal, Rashmi, and Rai, J.
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,PAPER mills ,ASCOMYCETES ,FUNGAL cultures ,BATCH process control ,BIOMASS production - Abstract
The competence of novel fungal consortium, consisting of Nigrospora sp. LDF00204 (accession no. KP732542) and Curvularia lunata LDF21 (accession no. KU664593), was investigated for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. Fungal consortium exhibited enhanced biomass production under optimized medium conditions, i.e., glucose as carbon (C), sodium nitrate as nitrogen (N), C/N 1.5:0.5, pH 5, temperature 30 °C, and agitation 140 rpm, and significantly reduced biochemical oxygen demand (85.6%), chemical oxygen demand (80%), color (82.3%), and lignin concentration (76.1%) under catalytic enzyme activity; however, unutilized ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP), were observed to be 13.5, 11.4, and 9.4 U/ml after the third cycle of effluent treatment in repeated batch process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fungal consortium revealed their compatibility through intermingled hyphae and spores, while the FTIR spectra confirmed the alteration of functional groups ensuring structural changes during the effluent treatment. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed the reduction of complex compounds and development of numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites, such as 1-3-dimethyl benzene, 2-chloro-3-methyl butane, pentadecanoic acid, and 1-2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, during the treatment, demonstrating the massive potential of the novel fungal consortium to degrade recalcitrant industrial pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Evaluation of opportunities for heat integration of biomass-based Fischer–Tropsch crude production at Scandinavian kraft pulp and paper mill sites.
- Author
-
Ljungstedt, Hanna, Pettersson, Karin, and Harvey, Simon
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS production , *FISCHER-Tropsch process , *PAPER mills , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *NATURAL gas - Abstract
Abstract: This study investigates heat integrated production of FT (Fischer–Tropsch) crude, where excess heat from the FT crude plant is delivered to a typical Scandinavian pulp and paper mill that produces fine paper. The sizes of FT crude plants are quantified, when the amount of excess heat from the FT plant exactly matches the heating demand otherwise satisfied by the bark boiler at the mill, considering a number of development pathways at the mill, including various degrees of steam savings and biorefinery options, such as lignin extraction. Performance of integrated production is compared with that of an FT stand-alone plant on the basis of wood fuel-to-FT crude efficiency, GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions balances and FT crude production cost. The results show that there exists a heat integration opportunity for an FT crude plant ranging from 0 up to 350 MW (LHV) of wood fuel depending on the development pathway for the mill. The results indicate higher overall efficiency and a generally lower production cost for the heat integrated, co-located production. Heat integrated production has a larger potential to contribute to GHG emission mitigation, assuming a future generation of grid electricity emitting equal to or less than an NGCC (natural gas combined cycle) power plant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Influence of dryer type on the performance of a biomass gasification combined cycle co-located with an integrated pulp and paper mill.
- Author
-
Isaksson, Johan, Åsblad, Anders, and Berntsson, Thore
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS gasification , *COMBINED cycle power plants , *PAPER mills , *ELECTRIC power production , *BIOMASS production , *WASTE heat boilers - Abstract
Abstract: Integration of biomass gasification with a pulp and paper mill is a possible route to create more value-added products. This route facilitates, for example, more advanced electricity generation and production of biomass based transportation fuels or chemical feedstock. Each unit operation in such a process affects overall efficiency as well as possibilities for process integration. In this paper, the impact of different dryer types in a biomass gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) has been evaluated in terms of efficiency and economic performance. The BIGCC was sized so that the excess heat would replace the current steam production from bark and oil. The results show that the dryer type can have a significant impact on economic performance and efficiencies. A BIGCC with an integrated belt dryer, utilizing excess heat to heat the drying air from the mill, can result in electrical efficiencies of up to around 40%, while e.g. a steam dryer can reach 36–37%. Choice of oxidant, air or oxygen, in the gasifier affects both capital and operational cost. Air was proven to be the most cost efficient solution for the cases evaluated in this study. The investment of around 100 to 140 million Euros for a BIGCC facility is profitable for most evaluated cases for an annuity factor of 0.1, while the net annual profit is negative for most cases when the annuity factor was increased to 0.2, even when including financial support for renewable electricity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Life cycle assessment of advanced bioethanol production from pulp and paper sludge.
- Author
-
Sebastião, Diogo, Gonçalves, Margarida S., Marques, Susana, Fonseca, César, Gírio, Francisco, Oliveira, Ana C., and Matos, Cristina T.
- Subjects
- *
ETHANOL as fuel , *PRODUCT life cycle assessment , *BIOMASS production , *SEWAGE sludge , *PAPER mills - Abstract
This work evaluates the environmental performance of using pulp and paper sludge as feedstock for the production of second generation ethanol. An ethanol plant for converting 5400 tons of dry sludge/year was modelled and evaluated using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach. The sludge is a burden for pulp and paper mills that is mainly disposed in landfilling. The studied system allows for the valorisation of the waste, which due to its high polysaccharide content is a valuable feedstock for bioethanol production. Eleven impact categories were analysed and the results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis and neutralisation of the CaCO 3 are the environmental hotspots of the system contributing up to 85% to the overall impacts. Two optimisation scenarios were evaluated: (1) using a reduced HCl amount in the neutralisation stage and (2) co-fermentation of xylose and glucose, for maximal ethanol yield. Both scenarios displayed significant environmental impact improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Multi-objective optimization for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous bacteria using vegetable waste as feedstock.
- Author
-
Patnaik, Suryakanta, Saravanabhupathy, Sarveshwaran, Singh, Sangeeta, Daverey, Achlesh, and Dutta, Kasturi
- Subjects
FEEDSTOCK ,VEGETABLES ,WASTE paper ,REFUSE containers ,ORGANIC wastes ,BIOMASS production ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,LIPIDS - Abstract
In this study, pretreated organic wastes such as waste paper cups, cardboard waste, and vegetable waste were screened for the growth and lipid production of oleaginous bacteria DS-7 (isolated from the dairy effluent scum). The pretreated vegetable waste was found to be the best feedstock for biomass and lipid production by the DS-7. Further, process parameters such as inoculation time, substrate concentration (w/v) (amount of pretreated vegetable waste), pH, and inoculum size were optimized using a multi-objective optimization technique to enhance the biomass and lipid productions. The optimization study successfully enhanced the biomass concentration (g/L) and lipid content (%) by 47.9% and 15.84%, respectively in comparison with the unoptimized state. The biomass and lipid productivities were 42% (1.449 g/L/d) and 51% (1.267 g/L/d) greater than unoptimized conditions. The characteristics of the biodiesel obtained from the valorization of vegetable waste were comparable to the standard. Thus, the vegetable waste can be utilized as a potential feedstock for microbial biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Razpoložljivost virov taninov in ligninov za celostno zamenjavo sintetiènih lepil za les v evropskem prostoru.
- Author
-
SARAŽIN, Jaša, POTOÈNIK, Igor, and ŠERNEK, Milan
- Subjects
TANNINS ,PAPER products industry ,RAW materials ,BIOMASS production ,FOSSIL fuels ,LIGNINS ,WOOD waste - Abstract
Copyright of Gozdarski Vestnik is the property of Federation of Forestry Associations of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
20. Optimization of Cultural Conditions for the Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent by Pleurotus ostreatus (L.).
- Author
-
Haider, Azeem, Alam, Muhammad Mohsin, Khan, Azhar Ali, and Zulfiqar, Muhammad Asif
- Subjects
- *
PLEUROTUS ostreatus , *SEWAGE , *PAPER pulp , *AMMONIUM chloride , *XYLANASES , *BIOMASS production - Abstract
Abstract: The efficacy of different Pleurotus ostreatus (L.) isolates to treat pulp and paper industrial effluent on a shake flask were studied. In the shake flask studies, Pleurotus ostreatus (L.) decolorized the effluent 69.68%, on 7th day of incubation. Various cultural conditions including different glucose concentrations, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation period influence on biomass and different enzymes viz; xylanase, CMCase and laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus were optimized in shake flask cultures. The results indicated that the optimum fermentation medium in shake flask studies contained a carbon (glucose 4%), nitrogen (0.5% ammonium chloride), inoculation level (three disks, 0.5 cm in diameter), temperature (30 °C), incubation period (at 7 days) and initial pH 5.0. Under these culture conditions, the maximum level of xylanase activity (9.29 Uml-1), CMCase (7.37 Uml-1), laccase (13.57 Uml-1) and effluent decolorization (69.68%) were observed on 7th day during shake flask studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. High concentrations of cellulosic ethanol achieved by fed batch semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of waste-paper
- Author
-
Elliston, Adam, Collins, Samuel R.A., Wilson, David R., Roberts, Ian N., and Waldron, Keith W.
- Subjects
- *
CELLULOSIC ethanol , *BIOMASS energy , *ETHANOL as fuel , *BIOMASS production , *GLUCOSIDASES , *BIOREACTORS , *CHEMICAL reactors - Abstract
Abstract: A fundamental goal of second generation ethanol production is to increase the ethanol concentration to 10% (v/v) or more to optimise distillation costs. Semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentations (SSSF) were conducted at small pilot scale (5L) utilising fed-batch additions of solid shredded copier paper substrate. Early addition of Accellerase® 1500 at 16FPU/g substrate and 30U/g β-glucosidase followed by substrate only batch addition allowed low final equivalent enzyme concentrations to be achieved (3.7FPU/g substrate) whilst maintaining digestion. Batch addition resulted in a cumulative substrate concentration equivalent to 65% (w/v). This in turn resulted in the production of high concentrations of ethanol (11.6% v/v). The success of this strategy relied on the capacity of the bioreactor to perform high shear mixing as required. Further research into the timing and number of substrate additions could lead to further improvement in overall yields from the 65.5% attained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Impacts of paper sludge and manure on soil and biomass production of willow
- Author
-
Quaye, Amos K., Volk, Timothy A., Hafner, Sasha, Leopold, Donald J., and Schirmer, Charles
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS production , *WILLOWS , *ORGANIC wastes , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *PLANT products , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *SOILS , *FERTILIZERS - Abstract
Abstract: Land application of organic wastes to short rotation woody crops (SRWC) can reduce the environmental impacts associated with waste disposal and enhance the productivity of biomass production systems. Understanding the potential impacts of organic amendments however, requires the examination of changes in soil characteristics and plant productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of paper sludge and dairy manure on biomass production of shrub willow (Salix dasyclados SV1) and to determine the impacts of these amendments on soil chemical properties. Treatments included urea, dairy manure and paper sludge separately and in combination, and a control. These materials were applied in the summer of 2005 to two fields of SV1 at different stages of growth: An old field with one year old shoots on a 10 year old root system and a young field which was beginning regrowth after being coppiced at the end of its first growing season. Foliar nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties were analyzed at the end of the second growing season after treatment application to determine plant response to the fertilization regimes and to determine the effects of fertilization on soil characteristics. Fertilization did not increase biomass production in either field. However, application of the N-poor paper sludge did not reduce yield either. In general, fertilization did not influence soil or foliar chemistry, although there were some exceptions. The lack of response observed in this study is probably related to the nutrient status of the site or losses of applied nutrients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Functional measures as potential indicators of down‐the‐drain chemical stress in freshwater ecological risk assessment.
- Author
-
Harrison, Laura J., Pearson, Katie A., Wheatley, Christopher J., Hill, Jane K., Maltby, Lorraine, Rivetti, Claudia, Speirs, Lucy, and White, Piran C. L.
- Subjects
PROCESS capability ,FOREST litter ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment ,FRESH water ,BIOMASS production ,MARINE debris - Abstract
Conventional ecological risk assessment (ERA) predominately evaluates the impact of individual chemical stressors on a limited range of taxa, which are assumed to act as proxies to predict impacts on freshwater ecosystem function. However, it is recognized that this approach has limited ecological relevance. We reviewed the published literature to identify measures that are potential functional indicators of down‐the‐drain chemical stress, as an approach to building more ecological relevance into ERA. We found wide variation in the use of the term "ecosystem function," and concluded it is important to distinguish between measures of processes and measures of the capacity for processes (i.e., species' functional traits). Here, we present a classification of potential functional indicators and suggest that including indicators more directly connected with processes will improve the detection of impacts on ecosystem functioning. The rate of leaf litter breakdown, oxygen production, carbon dioxide consumption, and biomass production have great potential to be used as functional indicators. However, the limited supporting evidence means that further study is needed before these measures can be fully implemented and interpreted within an ERA and regulatory context. Sensitivity to chemical stress is likely to vary among functional indicators depending on the stressor and ecosystem context. Therefore, we recommend that ERA incorporates a variety of indicators relevant to each aspect of the function of interest, such as a direct measure of a process (e.g., rate of leaf litter breakdown) and a capacity for a process (e.g., functional composition of macroinvertebrates), alongside structural indicators (e.g., taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrates). Overall, we believe that the consideration of functional indicators can add value to ERA by providing greater ecological relevance, particularly in relation to indirect effects, functional compensation (Box 1), interactions of multiple stressors, and the importance of ecosystem context. Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1135–1147. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: Considering functional indicators in addition to structural indicators adds value to ERA, but wide variation in the use of the term "ecosystem function" limits implementation.We classify different types of potential functional indicators and argue it is important to distinguish between measures of processes and measures of the capacity for processes (i.e., species' functional traits).Some measures have great potential to be developed as functional indicators (such as rate of leaf litter breakdown, oxygen production, carbon dioxide consumption, and biomass production), but further study is needed before these measures can be implemented and interpreted within a regulatory context.It is valuable for ERA to include multiple types of indicators relevant to each function of interest (e.g., both rate of leaf litter breakdown and functional composition of macroinvertebrates), alongside structural indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Algae as a source of renewable chemicals: opportunities and challengesThis paper was published as part of the themed issue of contributions from the Green Solvents – Alternative Fluids in Science and Application conference held in Berchtesgaden, October 2010.
- Author
-
Foley, Patrick M., Beach, Evan S., and Zimmerman, Julie B.
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE natural resources , *FEEDSTOCK , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *SUSTAINABLE chemistry , *ALGAE , *LIGNOCELLULOSE , *BIOMASS production , *PETROLEUM industry - Abstract
Algae are being explored as a sustainable energy feedstock, having potential to reduce dependence on petrofuels and offset greenhouse gas emissions. Economic considerations and principles of green design suggest that if algae-to-fuel technology is to be successful, biofuels must be produced simultaneously with value-added co-products. At present, the algae industry is centered around a limited number of products, such as low-volume/high-value speciality nutrients. New products for medium- and high-volume markets will be needed as biomass production increases in scale. This Perspective highlights non-fuel applications of algal biomass that have received relatively little attention to date but are promising for future development. It is our goal to draw attention to some of the unique opportunities that algae present with respect to biochemical composition as compared to lignocellulosic energy crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Poplar plantations for paper and energy in the south of Sweden
- Author
-
Christersson, Lars
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS , *BIOMASS energy , *FUEL , *HARVESTING - Abstract
Abstract: Once again Swedish forest industries are supposed to face a new threatening shortage of wood. Therefore, demonstration of new ideas of producing wood for pulp and fuels (heat, ethanol, hydrogen gas, dimethylether, electricity) in the most southern part of Sweden was very welcome. One example of new ideas is that some farmers planted hybrid poplars on abandoned farming land at Sångletorp (33ha), Johannesholm (15ha), Kadesjö (11ha) and Näsbyholm (2ha) in the southernmost part of Sweden in 1991. Some of these plantations were harvested in 2004, but some are still growing. The harvested wood had been used for pulp and fuel. The results of the harvest and of the plantations that are still growing are analysed here from an economic, ecologic and energy point of view. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. 生物质制氢技术及其研究进展.
- Author
-
张晖, 刘昕昕, and 付时雨
- Subjects
CHEMICAL processes ,HYDROGEN production ,BIOMASS production ,PAPER pulp ,REFUSE containers - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Nippon Paper picks biomass
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS production , *CHEMICAL plants , *MILLS & mill-work - Abstract
Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd is introducing biomass power generation plant to its Fuji and Iwakuni mills, mainly using scrap wood and refuse paper and plastic fuel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Adding metabolic tasks to human GEM models to improve the study of gene targets and their associated toxicities.
- Author
-
Guil, Francisco, García, Raquel, and García, José M.
- Subjects
GENE targeting ,CANCER cell proliferation ,BIOMASS production ,METABOLIC models ,DRUG toxicity - Abstract
Genetic minimal cut sets (gMCS) are genes that must be deactivated simultaneously to avoid unwanted states in a metabolic model. The concept of gMCS can be applied to two different scenarios. First, it can be used to identify potential gene toxicities in generic or healthy cell models. Second, it can be used to develop genetic strategies to target cancer cells and prevent their proliferation. Up to now, gMCS have been evaluated using the traditional procedure of preventing biomass production. This paper proposes an additional way: using essential metabolic tasks, which any human cell should perform, to enlarge the set of unwanted states. Including this addition can significantly improve the study of toxicities and reveal targets that can be used to treat unhealthy cells. Excluding metabolic tasks can cause important information to be overlooked, which could impact the study's success. Regarding toxicities, using the generic Human model, the number of detected generic toxicities with metabolic tasks increases from 106 to 281 (136 gMCSs of length 1 and 49 of length 2). We have used the following context-specific models to evaluate specific toxicities in different healthy tissues: blood, pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney. Again, considering metabolic tasks, we have found new toxicities (lengths 1 and 2) whose inactivation could damage these healthy tissues.Our research strategy has been applied to identify new cancer drug targets in two myeloma cell lines. We obtained new therapeutic targets of lengths 1 and 2 for each cell line. After analyzing the data, we conclude that incorporating metabolic tasks into cancer models can reveal important therapeutic targets previously disregarded by the conventional method of inhibiting biomass production. This approach also improves the evaluation of potential drug toxicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of Tree Age and Bole Section on Pulpwood of Korean Spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai).
- Author
-
Junhui Wang, Hongjie Zhang, Ming Lei, Huiren Hu, and Pulkkinen, Pertti
- Subjects
SPRUCE ,TREE age ,PULPWOOD ,BIOMASS production ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai) is one of the most important wood resources for pulp and paper industry. However, a long production cycle is required for spruce to obtain mature timber, which may negatively influence the biomass production. In this study, fiber morphology, chemical composition, and pulping properties of Korean spruce with different tree ages and vertical locations were investigated. The results show that, along with the increase of tree ages, the contents of extractives, lignin, and pentosan increase to different extents. There are also some differences of pulping properties with different tree ages. As a pulpwood, the Korean spruce with tree ages of around 22 to 32 years is more suitable for kraft pulping, compared to that with 32-46 years. In addition, the middle segment of the bole had better pulp strength properties than the upper or lower bole segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Nicht nur Zellstoff und Papier: Innovative Produkte aus Holz und Stroh Autor: Robert Mohr.
- Author
-
Robert, Mohr
- Subjects
WOOD products ,BIOMASS production ,CORNSTALKS ,RAW materials ,PAPER pulp ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Copyright of Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Co-pyrolysis of waste newspaper with high-density polyethylene: Synergistic effect and oil characterization.
- Author
-
Chen, Weimin, Shi, Shukai, Zhang, Jun, Chen, Minzhi, and Zhou, Xiaoyan
- Subjects
- *
PYROLYSIS , *WASTE paper , *POLYETHYLENE , *BIOMASS production , *THERMOGRAVIMETRY , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - Abstract
Biomass from waste newspaper (WP) was first co-pyrolyzed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in order to enhance the oil yield and its fuel properties. The synergistic effects during co-pyrolysis were investigated in terms of entire pyrolysis process, products yield and properties of liquid products (aqueous phase and oil phase) using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), physical properties analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that synergistic effect occurred at 400–500 °C resulting in an obviously increase in oil phase by 31.59% as compared to theoretical data. Positive synergistic effects on fuel properties of co-pyrolysis oil were observed, especially demonstrating dramatically decrease in viscosity and total acid number by 75.96% and 216.04% in comparison to theoretical data. WP pyrolyzed alone gives mainly oxygenated compounds in its derived oil, while HDPE give hydrocarbons. No cross reaction products appeared in co-pyrolysis oil, implying that the synergistic effects were determined by altering its compounds content rather than generating cross reaction products. Unfortunately, aqueous phase and oil phase exhibit similar composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. 再生水与黄河水轮灌 对向日葵生长及土壤环境的影响.
- Author
-
李金刚, 陈 菁, 黄永平, 贺一凡, and 孙 浩
- Abstract
Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Future of Graphene: Preparation from Biomass Waste and Sports Applications.
- Author
-
Wu, Yueting, Li, Yanlong, and Zhang, Xiangyang
- Subjects
GRAPHENE ,BIOMASS ,MANUFACTURING processes ,RAW materials ,BIOMASS production - Abstract
At present, the main raw material for producing graphene is graphite ore. However, researchers actively seek alternative resources due to their high cost and environmental problems. Biomass waste has attracted much attention due to its carbon-rich structure and renewability, emerging as a potential raw material for graphene production to be used in sports equipment. However, further progress is required on the quality of graphene produced from waste biomass. This paper, therefore, summarizes the properties, structures, and production processes of graphene and its derivatives, as well as the inherent advantages of biomass waste-derived graphene. Finally, this paper reviews graphene's importance and application prospects in sports since this wonder material has made sports equipment available with high-strength and lightweight quality. Moreover, its outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity is exploited to prepare wearable sensors to collect more accurate sports data, thus helping to improve athletes' training levels and competitive performance. Although the large-scale production of biomass waste-derived graphene has yet to be realized, it is expected that its application will expand to various other fields due to the associated low cost and environmental friendliness of the preparation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Analysis of the Impact of the Use of Eucalyptus Biomass for Energy on Wood Availability for Eucalyptus Forest in Portugal : a Simulation Study
- Author
-
Barreiro, Susana and Tomé, Margarida
- Published
- 2012
35. A brief review on biomass.
- Author
-
Naidu, R. Pavan Kumar, Reddy, Damodhar, Gangadharam, E. V. M. V., Nuthan, K., Kumar, R. P. N. Sai, and Srinivas, V.
- Subjects
- *
FOSSIL fuels , *ENERGY consumption , *BIOMASS production , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
Third-generation biomass has appeared as another alternative to first- and second-generation biomass for biohydrogen production. At present, its utilization is very less due to the many reasons that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation and photo fermentation process. To enhance the efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is important that aspects related to production and the following processes are elaborated. Increasing global energy demands have driven the utilization of renewable sources such as biomass. Biomass pyrolysis in the presence of a catalyst is one of the ways for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels or commodity chemicals. Most of the papers on biomass CP have concentrated on a summary of catalyst classification, properties, and performance based on product yields and oil quality. Mainly the information on biomass CP process effects of different reaction atmospheres has not been discussed in sufficient detail. This paper provides essential process factors and system structure of the lignocellulosic biomass CP with emphasis on process performance as bio-oils effective hydrogen to carbon ratios deoxygenation degree, carbon efficiency and energy efficiency. The maximum gasification energy efficiency and optimum temperature increased with the increase of biomass heating, value and decrease of moisture content. For 30% moisture content biomass and 25°C gasification agent, the maximum gasification energy efficiency is 71.06%. The results of biomass type, moisture content, and gasification agent temperature have effects on gasification energy efficiency, synthesis gas composition and its low heating value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Carbon storage in seagrass soils: long-term nutrient history exceeds the effects of near-term nutrient enrichment.
- Author
-
Armitage, A. R. and Fourqurean, J. W.
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,SEAGRASSES ,CARBON in soils ,BIOACCUMULATION ,BIOMASS production - Abstract
The carbon sequestration potential in coastal soils is linked to aboveground and belowground plant productivity and biomass, which in turn, is directly and indirectly influenced by nutrient input. We evaluated the influence of long-term and near-term nutrient input on aboveground and belowground carbon accumulation in seagrass beds, using a nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment embedded within a naturally occurring, long-term gradient of phosphorus availability within Florida Bay (USA). We measured organic carbon stocks in soils and above- and belowground seagrass biomass after 17 months of experimental nutrient addition. At the nutrient-limited sites, phosphorus addition increased the carbon stock in aboveground seagrass biomass by more than 300%; belowground seagrass carbon stock increased by 50-100%. Soil carbon content slightly decreased (~10%) in response to phosphorus addition. There was a strong but non-linear relationship between soil carbon and Thalassia testudinum leaf nitrogen: phosphorus (N : P) or belowground seagrass carbon stock. When sea grass leaf N: P exceeded a threshold of 75 : 1, or when belowground seagrass carbon stock was less than 100 gm
-2 , there was less than 3% organic carbon in the sediment. Despite the marked difference in soil carbon between phosphorus-limited and phosphorus-replete areas of Florida Bay, all areas of the bay had relatively high soil carbon stocks near or above the global median of 1.8% organic carbon. The relatively high carbon content in the soils indicates that seagrass beds have extremely high carbon storage potential, even in nutrient-limited areas with low biomass or productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Low moisture availability reduces the positive effect of increased soil temperature on biomass production of white birch ( Betula papyrifera) seedlings in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide concentration.
- Author
-
Ambebe, Titus Fondo and Qing-Lai Dang
- Subjects
- *
PAPER birch , *SOIL moisture , *SOIL temperature , *BIOMASS production , *SEEDLINGS , *BOTANY , *CARBON dioxide , *BIOMASS , *RAINFALL - Abstract
White birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings were grown under two carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) (360 vs 720 μmol mol−1), three soil temperatures (Tsoil) (5, 15, 25°C initially, increased to 7, 17, 27°C, respectively, one month later), and three moisture regimes (low: 30-40%, intermediate: 45-55%, high: 60-70% field water capacity) for four months in environment-controlled greenhouses. The dry mass of stem, leaves, and roots was measured after 2 and 4 months of treatment. Low Tsoil decreased stem, leaf and total biomass in both measurements, however, the decrease was significantly greater in the elevated than ambient [CO2] after 4 months. Intermediate Tsoil increased root biomass in both measurements. Low moisture reduced stem, leaf, root and total biomass after both 2 and 4 months of treatment. There was a significant Tsoil-moisture interactive effect on leaf, root, and total biomass after 4 months of treatment, suggesting that the magnitude of biomass enhancement in warmer Tsoil was dependent on the moisture regime. For instance, the increase in total biomass from the low to high Tsoil was 22, 50, and 47% under the low, intermediate and high moisture regimes, respectively. In contrast, the Tsoil×moisture effect on stem biomass was significant after 2 months, but not after 4 months of treatment. High Tsoil increased leaf mass ratio (LMR) after 4 months of treatment, but decreased both root mass ratio (RMR) after both 2 and 4 months, and root:shoot ratio (RSR) after 4 months of treatment. The low moisture regime decreased LMR after 2 and 4 months of treatment, but increased RSR after 4 months of treatment. There were no significant [CO2] effects on biomass allocation or [CO2]×Tsoil×moisture interactions on biomass production/allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sustainable Cultivation of Desmodesmus armatus SAG276.4d using Leachate as a Growth Supplement for Simultaneous Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation
- Author
-
Azianabiha A Halip Khalid, Muhammad Taufiq Kamal Fuad, and Kamrul Fakir Kamarudin
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,020209 energy ,TJ807-830 ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,biomass production ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Leachate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,leachate ,biomass ,desmodesmus armatus ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,microalgae ,Pulp and paper industry ,co2 fixation ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,Wastewater ,Carbon dioxide ,Environmental science - Abstract
Microalgae cultivation has been identified to be highly beneficial for the production of valuable biomass. The recent worldwide interest is to cultivate microalgae in wastewater to replace the use of expensive commercial media. Microalgae can utilize nutrients from the wastewater for their biomass growth, which is useful as feedstock in many products. Interestingly, microalgae cultivation is also capable of reducing a greenhouse gas due to absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis. This study was conducted to study the growth of microalgae using leachate as a nutrient supplement. The scope of the research involved the cultivation of freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus armatus, in the synthetics medium with various percentages of leachate under different light exposures. The growth parameters such as the specific growth rate, biomass productivity, and cell division time were used to evaluate the microalgae growth performance. The amount of CO2 absorbed during the cultivation was determined based on the total biomass production. The highest growth rate of 0.423/day was achieved using a 5% leachate medium under 12 h light duration, and the highest carbon fixation of 1.317 g CO2/L/day was calculated using a culture supplemented with 5% leachate with 24 h light period. The high presence of nutrients in the leachate has contributed to the growth of the microalgae; thus, it has great potential as an alternative growth medium to support biomass production and subsequently help to mitigate global warming.
- Published
- 2021
39. Comparison of growth, protein and carotenoid contents of some freshwater microalgae and the effects of urea and cultivation in a photobioreactor with reflective broth circulation guide on Desmodesmus subspicatus LC172266
- Author
-
Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna, James C. Ogbonna, Chijioke Nwoye Eze, and Hideki Aoyagi
- Subjects
Pigments ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Original Paper ,General Chemical Engineering ,Light distribution in photobioreactors ,Photobioreactor ,Cell growth rate ,equipment and supplies ,Desmodesmus subspicatus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biomass production ,Nitrogen source ,chemistry ,Mass transfer in photobioreactors ,Microalgae ,Urea ,Food science ,Carotenoid - Abstract
This study assessed the potential of enhancing carotenoids and protein accumulation by Desmodesmus subspicatus LC172266 by urea supplementation and cultivation in a novel flat plate air-lift photobioreactor with broth circulation guides. Addition of 0.2 g L−1 urea to BG11 medium significantly increased the cell growth in both flask and photobioreactor cultures. Carotenoid accumulation by D. subspicatus was about 5.7 times (15.5 ± 0.1 mgg cell−1) higher in the photobioreactor with reflective broth circulation guide than in the flask culture (2.3 ± 0.1 mgg−1 cell) and about 46% higher than the carotenoid content obtained in the photobioreactor without broth circulation guide (control).The cell growth rate was about 2 times higher in the photobioreactor with reflective broth circulation guide (0.41 ± 0.005 day−1) than in flask culture (0.20 day−1), and in the control photobioreactor (0.28 day−1).Both the protein contents and biomass concentrations were significantly enhanced by cultivation in the novel photobioreactor. This research has demonstrated that the flat plate air-lift photobioreactor installed with reflective broth circulation guide substantially enhanced carotenoid production by D. subspicatus LC172266.
- Published
- 2021
40. Biodiversity effects on biomass production and invasion resistance in annual versus perennial plant communities
- Author
-
Jiang, Xiao Lei, Zhang, Wei Guo, Wang, Gang, Hawksworth, David L., editor, and Bull, Alan T., editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Crecimiento de plántulas de Vicia faba L. en mezclas de suelo con biosólidos.
- Author
-
Quezada-Cruz, Maribel, Raú Galicia-García, Porfirio l, and Cruz-Izquierdo, Serafín
- Subjects
HEAVY metals ,LEAD ,COPPER ,COLIFORMS ,BIOMASS production ,SEWAGE sludge ,FAVA bean - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. CO2 increases 14C-primary production in an Arctic plankton community.
- Author
-
Engel, A., Borchard, C., Piontek, J., Schulz, K., Riebesell, U., and Bellerby, R.
- Subjects
PRIMARY productivity (Biology) ,CARBON dioxide in water ,PLANKTON ,OCEAN acidification ,BIOMASS production ,HETEROTROPHIC bacteria - Abstract
Responses to ocean acidification in plankton communities were studied during a CO
2 - enrichment experiment in the Arctic Ocean, accomplished from June to July 2010 in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78° 56, 20 N, 11° 53, 60 E). Enclosed in 9 mesocosms (volume: 43.9-47.6m³ ), plankton was exposed to CO2 concentrations, ranging from glacial to projected mid-next-century levels. Fertilization with inorganic nutrients at day 13 of the experiment supported the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass, as indicated by two periods of high Chl a concentration. This study tested for CO2 sensitivities in primary production (PP) of particulate organic carbon (PPPOC ) and of dissolved organic carbon (PPDOC ). Therefore, 14 C-bottle incubations (24 h) of mesocosm samples were performed at 1m depth receiving about 60% of incoming radiation. PP for all mesocosms averaged 8.06±3.64 µmolCl-1 d-1 and was slightly higher than in the outside fjord system. Comparison between mesocosms revealed significantly higher PPPOC at elevated compared to low pCO2 after nutrient addition. PPDOC was significantly higher in CO2 enriched mesocosms before as well as after nutrient addition, suggesting that CO2 had a direct influence on DOC production. DOC concentrations inside the mesocosms increased before nutrient addition and more in high CO2 mesocosms. After addition of nutrients, however, further DOC accumulation was negligible and not significantly different between treatments, indicating rapid utilization of freshly produced DOC. Bacterial biomass production (BP) was coupled to PP in all treatments, indicating that 3.5±1.9% of PP, or 21.6±12.5% of PPDOC provided suffcient carbon for synthesis of bacterial biomass. The response of14 C-based PP rates to CO2 enrichment was at odds with O2 -based net community production (NCP) rates that were also determined during this study, albeit at lower light level. We conclude that the enhanced release of labile DOC during autotrophic production at high CO2 exceedingly stimulated activities of heterotrophic microorganisms. As a consequence, increased PP induced less NCP, as suggested earlier for carbon limited microbial systems in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Generation of a global fuel dataset using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System.
- Author
-
Pettinari, M. L. and Chuviec, E.
- Subjects
FUEL storage ,BIOMASS production ,SPATIAL variation ,TAIGAS ,PARAMETERIZATION - Abstract
This study presents the methods for the generation of the first global fuel dataset, containing all the parameters required to be input in the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS). The dataset was developed from different spatial variables, both based on satellite Earth observation products and fuel databases, and is comprised by a global fuelbed map and a database that includes the parameters of each fuelbed that affect fire behavior and effects. A total of 274 fuelbeds were created and parameterized, and can be input into FCCS to obtain fire potentials, surface fire behavior and carbon biomass for each fuelbed. To assess the results, FCCS was used to calculate the carbon biomass of each fuelbed, and the results were compared to the values obtained for four other regional or global biomass products. The results showed reasonable agreement both in terms of geographical distribution and biomass loads when compared to other biomass data, with the best results found for Tropical and Boreal forests (Spearman's coefficient of 0.79 and 0.77). This global fuel dataset could be used for a varied range of applications, including fire danger assessment, fire behavior estimations, fuel consumption calculations and emissions inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The good, the bad, and the future: Systematic review identifies best use of biomass to meet air quality and climate policies in California.
- Author
-
Freer‐Smith, Peter, Bailey‐Bale, Jack H., Donnison, Caspar L., and Taylor, Gail
- Subjects
FOREST biomass ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,BIOMASS ,BIOMASS production ,GREENHOUSE gases ,AIR quality - Abstract
California has large and diverse biomass resources and provides a pertinent example of how biomass use is changing and needs to change, in the face of climate mitigation policies. As in other areas of the world, California needs to optimize its use of biomass and waste to meet environmental and socioeconomic objectives. We used a systematic review to assess biomass use pathways in California and the associated impacts on climate and air quality. Biomass uses included the production of renewable fuels, electricity, biochar, compost, and other marketable products. For those biomass use pathways recently developed, information is available on the effects—usually beneficial—on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and there is some, but less, published information on the effects on criteria pollutants. Our review identifies 34 biomass use pathways with beneficial impacts on either GHG or pollutant emissions, or both—the "good." These included combustion of forest biomass for power and conversion of livestock‐associated biomass to biogas by anaerobic digestion. The review identified 13 biomass use pathways with adverse impacts on GHG emissions, criteria pollutant emissions, or both—the "bad." Wildfires are an example of one out of eight pathways which were found to be bad for both climate and air quality, while only two biomass use pathways reduced GHG emissions relative to an identified counterfactual but had adverse air quality impacts. Issues of high interest for the "future" included land management to reduce fire risk, future policies for the dairy industries, and full life‐cycle analysis of biomass production and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A Bayesian game of resource exploitation in hinterland regions: modelling scenarios for sustainable development.
- Author
-
Christensen, Lotte Dalgaard
- Subjects
RESOURCE exploitation ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,BIOMASS production ,HINTERLAND - Abstract
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change, decision-makers around the world look for alternatives to fossil resources. Among these alternatives is biomass, such as wood pulp, macroalgae, and grasses. Although refined biomass can replace oil, plastics, and petrochemicals within many industries, increased use of biomass may cause land-use changes, biodiversity loss, and disruption of ecosystems. On our path towards a fossil-free society, we must therefore combine intensified biomass production with conservation of critical natural resources. As these resources are often abundant in rural and coastal regions, the resource strategies of these regions are important for the environmental sustainability of this transition. Constructing a game of resource exploitation and conservation in rural regions, this paper models various scenarios for sustainable development and identifies the conditions under which these scenarios are most likely to occur. Based on a game theoretic analysis, three hypotheses are formulated on the costs and benefits that motivate rural regions to manage their biomass resources sustainably. These hypotheses shed light on dynamics that much of the existing literature seems to overlook. Thus, this paper holds novel insights that may contribute to theory development on environmentally sustainable resource exploitation at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Investigation of biomass productivity from Nannochloropsis gaditana via response surface methodology using MATLAB
- Author
-
Aytun Onay
- Subjects
Central composite design ,020209 energy ,Quadratic model ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biomass production ,General Energy ,020401 chemical engineering ,Nannochloropsis gaditana ,Productivity (ecology) ,Biofuel ,Biomass yield ,ddc:330 ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Macronutrients ,Response surface methodology ,0204 chemical engineering ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate biomass productivity to produce bioethanol from Nannochloropsis gaditana grown in Johnson’s medium including different concentrations of macronutrients. For this study, we prepared various concentrations of KNO3(0.1–2 g/L), NaHCO3(5–50 g/L) and KH2PO4(0.05–0.8 g/L). In addition, central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize biomass productivity for acquiring the maximum biomass productivity. It was found that biomass concentration may vary with macronutrient concentrations. According to the experimental results, the maximum biomass concentration was found in 0.5, 20 and 0.8 g/L of KNO3, NaHCO3 and KH2PO4, respectively. The maximum experimental biomass yield of 2.04 g/L was obtained at these optimum conditions. These results showed that Nannochloropsis gaditana can be used for bio-ethanol production after optimization of macronutrient concentration. Keywords: Biomass production, Central composite design, Macronutrients, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Quadratic model
- Published
- 2020
47. Enhanced production of biomass and lipids by Euglena gracilis via co-culturing with a microalga growth-promoting bacterium, Emticicia sp. EG3
- Author
-
Koji Yamada, Kengo Suzuki, Tadashi Toyama, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Tsubasa Hanaoka, Kazuhiro Mori, and Masaaki Morikawa
- Subjects
Euglena gracilis ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Biomass ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:Fuel ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:TP315-360 ,Growth-promoting bacteria ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Effluent ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Biodiesel ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,ved/biology ,Chemistry ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,General Energy ,Biomass production ,Wastewater ,Biofuel ,Lipid production ,Sludge ,Bacteria ,Wastewater effluent ,Biotechnology - Abstract
BackgroundEuglena gracilis, a unicellular flagellated microalga, is regarded as one of the most promising species as microalgal feedstock for biofuels. Its lipids (mainly wax esters) are suitable for biodiesel and jet fuel. Culture ofE. gracilisusing wastewater effluent will improve the economics ofE. gracilisbiofuel production. Enhancement of the productivity ofE. gracilisbiomass is critical to creating a highly efficient biofuels production system. Certain bacteria have been found to promote microalgal growth by creating a favorable microenvironment. These bacteria have been characterized as microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB). Co-culture of microalgae with MGPB might offer an effective strategy to enhance microalgal biomass production in wastewater effluent culture systems. However, no MGPB has been identified to enhance the growth ofE. gracilis. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to isolate and characterize the MGPB effective forE. gracilisand to demonstrate that the isolated MGPB indeed enhances the production of biomass and lipids byE. gracilisin wastewater effluent culture system.ResultsA bacterium,Emticiciasp. EG3, which is capable of promoting the growth of microalgaE. gracilis, was isolated from anE. gracilis-municipal wastewater effluent culture. Biomass production rate ofE. graciliswas enhanced 3.5-fold and 3.1-fold by EG3 in the co-culture system using a medium of heat-sterilized and non-sterilized wastewater effluent, respectively, compared to growth in the same effluent culture but without EG3. Two-step culture system was examined as follows:E. graciliswas cultured with or without EG3 in wastewater effluent in the first step and was further grown in wastewater effluent in the second step. Production yields of biomass and lipids byE. graciliswere enhanced 3.2-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively, in the second step of the system in whichE. graciliswas co-cultured with EG3 in the first step.ConclusionEmticiciasp. EG3 is the first MGPB forE. gracilis. Growth-promoting bacteria such as EG3 will be promising agents for enhancingE. gracilisbiomass/biofuel productivities.
- Published
- 2019
48. Effect of Different Influent Conditions on Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal by Aeration Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor (ICFB-MMBR) System for Mariculture Wastewater Treatment
- Author
-
Junxue Mei, Zhipeng Li, Zhansheng Guo, Yi Ding, Binyu Ma, Shiyuan Wang, Hang Ma, Xuguang Hou, Zhenlin Liang, and Hong You
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,different influent conditions ,Chemical technology ,Biomass ,Filtration and Separation ,TP1-1185 ,Pulp and paper industry ,Membrane bioreactor ,Article ,Nutrient ,Chemical engineering ,biomass production ,mariculture wastewater ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Sewage treatment ,nutrient removal ,TP155-156 ,Growth rate ,Aeration ,Mixotroph ,microalgae membrane bioreactor - Abstract
The nutrient removal and biomass production of the internal circulating fluidized bed microalgae membrane bioreactor (ICFB-MMBR) was studied under different cultivation modes, influent TOC, influent pH, and influent N/P. Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis was used as the biological source. The growth of P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the mixotrophy culture mode were improved compared with other culture modes. With the increased influent TOC, the average growth rate of P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis increased, and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate were improved. The P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies at the influent pH of 8 were the best among the different influent pH values. As the influent N/P ratio increased from 5 to 20, the P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and pollutant removal rate increased gradually. When the influent N/P ratio was higher than 20, the P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and pollutant removal rate tended to be stable and did not significantly change with the increase of influent N/P ratio. At the proper influent conditions, the high P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis biomass and nutrient removal efficiency could be obtained in the microalgae membrane bioreactor, which could provide a theoretical basis for the application of the system for wastewater treatment.
- Published
- 2021
49. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Membrane-Treated Industrial Distillery Wastewater: Growth and Wastewater Treatment
- Author
-
David Kwame Amenorfenyo, Feng Li, Xianghu Huang, Ning Zhang, Changling Li, and Yulei Zhang
- Subjects
biology ,Alcohol industry ,business.industry ,microalgae ,distiller wastewater ,Chlorella vulgaris ,Biomass ,Chlorella ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Environmental sciences ,wastewater treatment ,Wastewater ,biomass production ,Environmental science ,GE1-350 ,Sewage treatment ,business ,Effluent ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The alcohol industry discharges large quantities of wastewater, which is hazardous and has a considerable pollution potential. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater is an alternative way of overcoming the current high cost of microalgae cultivation and an environmentally friendly treatment method for industrial effluents. The study analyzed the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in membrane-treated distillery wastewater (MTDW) and nutrients removal efficiency. The results showed biomass productivity of 0.04 g L−1 d−1 for MTDW with the contents of content of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid at 49.6 ± 1.4%, 26.1 ± 0.6%, and 10.4 ± 1.8%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of TN, TP, and COD were 80, 94, and 72.24% in MTDW, respectively. In addition, removal efficiencies of 100, 85.37, and 42.86% for Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mo2− were achieved, respectively. The study added to our growing knowledge on the cultivation of Chlorella with wastewater, suggesting that it was feasible to cultivate Chlorella with MTDW and represented an economical and environmentally friendly strategy for microalgae biomass production and reuse of wastewater resources.
- Published
- 2021
50. Effects of Interseeding Cover Crops into Corn and Soybean on Biomass Production, Grain Yields and Ecosystem Services: A Review.
- Author
-
Klopp, Hans W.
- Subjects
COVER crops ,BIOMASS production ,GRAIN yields ,CROPS ,ENERGY crops ,ECOSYSTEM services - Abstract
Planting cover crops can improve soil health and help to sustain agricultural crop yields. In northern climates where corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) are grown, cover crop biomass production can be low. This has led to people investigating the potential of interseeding cover crops into the growing main crop. This paper sought to determine biomass production and the benefit to grain yields, weed control and soil properties from interseeding cover crops into corn and soybean. This review included 70 studies published prior to 15 March 2024. Interseeded cover crops that were winter-hardy such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) produced more biomass in the spring (1.04 Mg ha
−1 average biomass production) than any of the interseeded cover crops did in fall (0.35 Mg ha−1 average biomass production), primarily at crop row spacings of 76 cm. Factors that affected cover crop biomass production were crop stage, planting method, tillage practice, irrigation and row spacing. There was not a consistent widely planted cover crop species that produced the most biomass. Interseeded cover crops reduced weed biomass by 46% compared to weed control and generally did not affect crop grain yields when planted after V4 crop stage. Interseeded cover crops reduced soil nitrate concentration but generally did not affect other soil properties including soil water content. However, most of these studies planted cover crops at the same site for less than three years. Early interseeded cover crops generally did not perform better than interseeded winter-hardy cover crops planted around crop physiological maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.