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Community-based supervised group exercise may be an effective option to increase activity levels throughout pregnancy. Previous studies that have explored predictors of low adherence to exercise during pregnancy have not examined group-based settings. We analysed an international cohort of 347 pregnant women who participated in group-based prenatal exercise interventions (from <20 weeks to 34–36 weeks pregnant). Probable adherence predictors informed by previous literature that were assessed included: pre-pregnancy physical activity level and body mass index (BMI) classification, age, number of previous pregnancies, and education level. Adherence was measured by attendance. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to explore the relationship between the selected predictors and high adherence (≥70%). Post-secondary education level versus only secondary (aOR 5.28; CI 1.67; 16.72) or primary level (aOR 13.82; CI 4.30; 44.45) presented greater likelihood to have high adherence to the exercise intervention than low adherence. Future research and public health initiatives should consider implementing strategies to overcome education-related barriers to improve accessibility to prenatal exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigate the association of fear of movement and (re)injury with clinical outcomes in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP). This cross-sectional study included 92 women with PFP who completed the TAMPA scale for kinesiophobia. The TAMPA score and its two subscales – activity avoidance and somatic focus were correlated with BMI, physical activity level, pain catastrophizing scale, health-related quality of life, pain sensitivity via pressure pain threshold, self-reported disability, and worst knee pain in last month. Greater fear of movement and (re)injury, activity avoidance, and somatic focus were correlated with lower local pain sensitivity (rho = −0.29 to −0.55), lower health-related quality of life (rho = −0.38 to −0.42), greater pain catastrophizing (rho = 0.41 to 0.47), and greater self-reported disability (rho = −0.31 to −0.52). Greater fear of movement and (re)injury and activity avoidance were correlated with adjacent and remote pain sensitivity (rho = −0.24 to −0.39). Greater fear of movement and (re)injury and somatic focus were correlated with greater worst knee pain in last month (rho = 0.21 to 0.32). Fear of movement and (re)injury predicted pain measures, disability, and health-related quality of life (p ≤ 0.010). The relationship of greater fear of movement and (re)injury with greater disability, pain catastrophizing, pain sensitization, and poorer health-related quality of life highlights the potential importance of considering this psychological feature of PFP during assessment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study analyzed the association between (i) eating habits during pregnancy, (ii) advice from family or friends about gestational weight gain (GWG), and iii) personal effort to stay within weight gain limits, and meeting GWG recommendations. Methods: Participants included pregnant and postpartum women who completed the validated electronic maternal health survey (EMat). Sociodemographic, lifestyle variables, and body mass index were covariates used in the analyses. Results: Among all eligible women (1171), and a subset of women receiving a specific GWG target from HCP (365, 31.2%), participants who considered that their eating habits became less healthy, or could not evaluate if habits changed, had a higher likelihood of gaining above (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.84; 3.73 for the total sample (TS); aOR = 4.79; CI 2.32;9.88 for the subset) GWG guidelines after adjusting for the covariates. Women who received advice from family or friends about how much weight they should gain while pregnant were more likely to experience GWG below (TS: aOR = 1.49; CI 1.02;2.17; subset: aOR = 1.95; CI 1.03;3.68) and above (TS: aOR = 1.42; CI 1.01;1.99; subset: aOR = 1.92; CI 1.06;3.48) guidelines, when compared to women who did not receive family/friends advice. Moreover, lower personal effort to stay within weight gain limits was associated with gaining below (TS: aOR = 1.77; CI 1.07;2.92; subset: aOR = 2.71; CI 1.30; 5.65) GWG guidelines. Conclusions for Practice: Women self-reporting less healthy eating habits than before pregnancy, receiving advice from family/friends about GWG, and lower personal effort to stay within guidelines, had an increased odds of weight gain discordant with recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Examine the association between child and adolescent physical activity maintenance categories and metabolic profile in adolescence. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1152 adolescents (57.4% female) aged 10–16 years from Londrina, Brazil. Physical activity was self-reported in childhood (7–10 years old, retrospective data) and adolescence through questionnaires. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle-run test), body fat (skinfolds), waist circumference, blood pressure (automatic instrument) and blood variables (fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured at adolescence. Results Frequency of physical activity in childhood and adolescence was 50.3 and 17.2%, respectively, and only 25.7% of boys and 10.9% of girls were active at both ages. Adolescents who were physically active in childhood alone were less likely [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52–0.97)] to present low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence compared to those who were non-active in childhood. Regardless of controlled, actives in childhood and adolescence were less likely to present low cardiorespiratory fitness [OR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.34–0.73)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.32–0.85)] and high metabolic risk score [OR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22–0.90)] compared to the non-actives at both ages. Conclusions Actives through childhood to adolescence are less likely to present low cardiorespiratory fitness, high blood pressure and high metabolic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Assessing the stability of the body may help to determine risk of injuries. • The Upper Body Test (UBT) presented good inter-day reliability. • Previous familiarization to the UBT is essential for the analysis. There are a limited number of tests for the assessment of shoulder and pelvic girdle stability. Reliable instruments are important to evaluate movement dysfunction at these joints in order to provide more objective parameters. To evaluate the inter-day reliability of the Upper Body Test in young adults. A reliability study was carried out with three assessments of the shoulder and pelvic girdle stability within 48-h intervals (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). The OctoBalance® platform was used to perform the Upper Body Test in 31 active young adults (24.5 ± 8 years). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 2,2) two-way mixed model, Coefficient of Variation, and Bland–Altman plots were used to verify the reliability of the test. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable difference (MDD 95%) were calculated for clinical applicability. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 0.94 – Featuring a mean difference of 0.89 (95%CI = −0.19–1.97) to left and 0.95 (95%CI = −0.38–2.27) for the right side, with a low variation coefficient (3.31–5.91%) between the second and third days of assessment. There was a statistically significant difference between the first assessment day and the other test sessions. The Bland–Altman analyses revealed low bias with scores within the limits of agreement. Minimum detectable difference scores were between 4.02 and 5.10, and standard error of measurement between 1.75 and 2.72, depending on the movement side. The Upper Body Test presented good inter-day reliability for assessing the stability of the shoulder and pelvic girdle in young active healthy adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the potential influence of physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors on the association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms among Brazilian adults. We used cross-sectional data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 60,202 adults (≥18 years). Information regarding exposure (TV-viewing), potential influencing factors (multimorbidity, mobility, self-rated health, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sugar consumption, and physical activity) as well as elevated depressive symptoms (through PHQ-9 – score > 9) (outcome) was collected via interview-administered questionnaires. Data on covariates were self-reported. Body mass index was estimated through the assessment of body mass and stature. Mediation models were estimated through the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. Individuals who reported >5 h/d of TV viewing showed a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those with <5 h/d of TV viewing [8.1%(99%CI:7.6%–8.6%) vs 14.2%(99%CI:12.2%–16.6%)]. The association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms was influenced by tobacco use (Overall: 7.22%; men: 4.46%, women: 8.59%), physical activity (men: 3.99%, women: 2.28%), mobility (overall: 11.31%, men: 10.85%, women: 11.03%), and multimorbidity (overall: 9.11%, men: 11.6%, women: 6.03%). Poor self-rated health influenced the association between TV-viewing and elevated depressive symptoms only among men (15.55%). Similarly, the association between >4 h/d of TV viewing and depressive symptoms was influenced by tobacco use (men: 6.8%, women: 11.7%), physical activity for women (5.5%), self-rated health for men (14.7%), mobility (men: 8.7%, women: 17.0%), and multimorbidity (men: 9.6%, women: 12.3%). Tobacco use, physical activity, mobility, multimorbidity, and self-rated health (men) mediate the relationship between high TV-viewing and elevated depressive symptoms. Longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our data which may also be useful to contribute to public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to examine associations between depression and time spent in TV viewing in a representative sample of Brazilian adults.Methods: Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS in Portuguese) (n =60,202; ≥18 years) were used. Time spent TV viewing (h/day) was elicited via interview. Depression was evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Chronological age, educational status, employment status, alcohol use, tobacco smoking and body mass index were covariates. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and adjusted logistic regression models were applied.Results: Five or more hours as well as less than 1 h of TV viewing was associated with increased depression (men: <1 h OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.40-2.54; ≥5 h OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.88-3.83; women: <1 h OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.25-1.81; ≥5 h OR = 1.65, 95%CI = 1.35-2.03) when compared to 2-2.99 h of TV viewing.Conclusion: More than 5 h/day seems to be associated with a higher risk for depression among Brazilian adults (except for older adults). Less than 1 h TV viewing might be a measure-of-proxy for a lower socio-economic status, which is a known risk factor for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip muscle weakness and altered hip biomechanics during walking are often observed in people with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, although little is known about biomechanics during higher impact tasks. The aim of our study was to explore relationships between hip muscle strength and hip biomechanics during running in people with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, including exploring sex as an effect-modifier of this relationship. Forty-two adults with unilateral femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (20 females; age 18-50 years; alpha angle ≥60°) completed assessments of hip muscle strength and hip biomechanics during running. Strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer for the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors, internal rotators, and external rotators. Hip biomechanics were assessed during overground running (3–3.5 m/s) using three-dimensional motion capture and a force plate. Linear models assessed the relationships between hip strength and hip biomechanics of the symptomatic limb, controlling for body mass and running velocity along with an interaction term (strength*sex). A significant negative relationship was observed between hip external rotator strength and hip frontal plane range of motion (i.e., excursion), independent of sex (estimate = −0.039, 95%CI −0.071 to −0.008, P = 0.02). Four sex-specific interactions were observed, with a significant positive relationship between hip external rotator strength and peak hip extension moment in women (estimate = −0.413, 95%CI −0.713 to −0.114, P = 0.01) but not in men. We found significant relationships between hip external rotator strength and stance phase running biomechanics, providing further understanding on two impaired physical measures that may inform exercise-based management strategies in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. • Hip weakness and altered movement exist with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. • Associations between muscle strength and running biomechanics were explored. • Stronger hip external rotators were associated with less hip frontal plane motion. • Significant sex-specific interactions were observed in some associations. • Our results may help to inform exercise-based management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]