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Cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks have been used as a construction material in many developed and developing countries. Many emerging and underdeveloped nations have utilised cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks as building materials. In India, Andhra Pradesh local makers prepare these cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks by simply mixing clay, cement, and sand in a traditional method, without following strict design criteria or rules. Previous research has demonstrated that the mechanical characteristics of CCI hollow bricks gathered from various locations in detailed manner respect to hand books on Civil Engineering as per Indian Standards. Bricks from one region had compressive strengths that were significantly lower than the other region Indian Community Standards. Various methods were employed in this investigation to enhance the mechanical characteristics of CCI bricks. New mix patterns were created with the use of sand, cement, and fly ash in this research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is confronted with the substantial issue of plastic debris due to the absence of an efficient waste management infrastructure. Recycled plastic has the potential to enhance various construction materials, such as roofing tiles, paving blocks, and insulation. The aforementioned materials possess notable attributes such as high strength, low weight, and exceptional resistance to extreme temperatures and humidity. The objective of this study is to ascertain feasible alternatives for manufacturing road paver blocks utilizing plastic waste (Polyethene terephthalate (PET)), and M-sand (stone dust). Three variations of a discarded plastic cube measuring 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were prepared for the experiment. The experimental findings indicated that a ratio of 1:4 was determined to be the most effective in achieving the desired level of compressive strength. I-section road and brick paver blocks were produced as an alternative to the traditional concrete ones. Compressive strength tests were performed on I-sections and brick paver blocks, revealing that the 1:4 mix ratio exhibited the highest average compressive strength for both materials. The findings indicated that including plastic waste positively impacted the compressive strength of the I-sections and brick paver blocks. Additionally, the quality grading of these materials was evaluated using an ultrasonic pulse velocity test. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test results demonstrated a high-quality grading for the I-sections and brick paver blocks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests assessed the microstructural behavior and performance. The results of this study demonstrate that incorporating plastic waste in combination with M-sand can effectively improve the mechanical characteristics of composite materials, rendering them viable for use in construction-related purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewage sludge (SS) management has been regarded as a serious environmental and health issue around the globe, especially in developing countries like India, mainly due to the lack of proper regulatory criteria, and appropriate engineering infrastructures. The present research work demonstrates the utilization of Fly Ash (FA) in varying percentages (with an interval of 10%) with SS as brick for sustainable building material with special emphasis on dimensional Effect. The impact of dimensional effect is measured using compressive strength behaviour for a stress rate of 14 MPa/min of two different sizes of brick i.e. D1 and D2 of sizes 7 × 7x7 cm3 and 2 × 2x2 cm3, respectively. Owing to the sintering effect, the maximum strengths of 4.02 MPa and 7.6 MPa are noticed for a composition of 60% SS+40% FA for D1 and 40% SS + 60% FA for D2, respectively. According to the Indian Standards (IS) 13757: 1993, an exhibited strength of more than 3.5 MPa by any brick composition enables it to be used as a common building brick. In general, due to the formation of triangular wedges, the D2 bricks exhibited better strength for any mixing ratio of FA and SS. The added benefit in our study was lower thermal conductivity (0.48 Wm−1K−1) of the prepared fired brick implying its better insulation property. Our study uniquely highlights the possible utilization of FA for stabilizing SS for sustainable substitution of natural clay fired brick. Future study may further investigate the compositional effect of FA on the thermal and thermodynamic attributes of the bricks. Image 1 • Pioneer study on bricks that visualizes dimensional effect along with mechanical properties. • 40–60% fly ash with sewage sludge satisfies Indian codal provisions as construction material. • Thermal conductivity of synthesized brick is lower than conventional fired clay bricks. • Dimensional effect significantly influences the compressive strength behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mechanical strength and pore properties are checked with over burnt brick aggregate. • Nonlinear relation is obtained among permeability, porosity and compressive strength. • For single sized aggregates, permeability lie in the range of 1.2–2.1 cm/s. • Prediction equations are made for porosity, permeability and compressive strength. In the search of alternate construction materials, over burnt brick aggregate has enrolled its appellation as a low cost sustainable alternate material. In the north-eastern part of India, especially in Tripura, the shortage of natural stone aggregate has opened up the field for over burnt brick aggregate to be used as an alternate pavement material. This study mainly focuses on the characterization of pervious concrete mixes produced with over burnt brick as coarse aggregate. Pervious concrete, in the recent era, has been considered as the emergent technology due to its prominence as an environmentally and hydrologically sustainable pavement system. In this paper, a series of test samples are produced using various design variables and then the mechanical strength and the pore properties of porous mixes are evaluated. Aggregate gradation, water-cement ratio and the percentage of fine aggregate are chosen as the design variables and their effect in the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, porosity, permeability, etc. are estimated. The statistical analysis is also carried out using the experimental test data and prediction equations are developed to estimate the porosity, permeability and the compressive strength of the pervious concrete mixes. The predicted equations fitted well and showed a very good agreement with the calculated results. These equations can be directly used for the selection of the mix proportion and the designing of pervious concrete mixes made with over burnt brick aggregate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]