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Introduction and Aim. Oral microbiota has shown a higher bacterial diversity and abundance in individuals with digestive tract malignancies. According to recent research, some periopathogens link to gastro-intestinal neoplastic tissue and accelerate its progression. The present study was carried out to evaluate a possible association between the abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia and periodontal status with the characteristics of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four patients with gastric cancer were examined and divided in two groups, with periodontitis and gingivitis. The patients' oral cavity was examined, gingival crevicular samples were collected, and the following parameters were recorded: number of absent teeth, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. Quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction was used to evaluate the amount of the two bacteria in the gingival crevicular fluid samples. The differentiation grade and tumour dimension were registered during the histopathological exam of the gastric cancer tissues. Following the statistical analysis, correlations between periodontal disease's clinical parameters, the bacterial strains identified, and the characteristics of gastric cancer were made. Results. The strong significant correlation between tumour dimension and all periodontal parameters (p < 0.05) but also between the size of the tumour and F. nucleatum (p < 0.05) could suggest a positive association between periodontal disease, gastric tumoral growth and periopathogens' implication in this process. A moderate significant correlation was found between tumour dimension and T. forsythia (p < 0.05). The low differentiation grade was most common across both groups. Conclusions. Our findings point to a potential association between periodontal disease, the two subgingival periopathogens evaluated and gastric cancer's evolution. Consequently, we can state that further research is required for a more comprehensive understanding of this deadly disease, for early diagnosis and for discovering new strategies to limit its progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Second-generation intravenous blood-pool ultrasound contrast agents are increasingly used in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for characterization of microvascularization, differential diagnosis of benign and malignant focal lesions, as well as improved staging and guidance of therapeutic procedures. Methods: The aim of our study was to prospectively compare the vascularisation patterns in chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer using quantitative low mechanical index (MI) contrast-enhanced EUS. We included 51 patients with chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis (n = 19) and pancreatic cancer (n = 32). Perfusion imaging started with a bolus injection of Sonovue (2.4 ml), followed by analysis in the early arterial (wash-in) and late venous (wash-out) phase. Perfusion analysis was performed by post-processing of the raw data (time intensity curve [TIC] analysis). TIC analysis was performed inside the tumor and the pancreatic parenchyma, with depiction of the dynamic vascular pattern generated by specific software. Statistical analysis was performed on raw data extracted from the TIC analysis. Final diagnosis was based on a combination of EUS-FNA, surgery and follow-up of minimum 6 months in negative cases. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of low MI contrast enhanced EUS using TIC were sensitivity and specificity of low MI contrast enhanced EUS using TIC analysis were 93.75% (95% CI = 77.77 - 98.91%) and 89.47% (95% CI = 65.46 - 98.15%), respectively. Pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis showed in the majority of cases a hypervascular appearance in the early arterial phase of contrast-enhancement, with a dynamic enhancement pattern similar with the rest of the parenchyma. Statistical analysis of the resulting series of individual intensities revealed no statistically relevant differences (p = .78). Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was usually a hypovascular lesion, showing low contrast-enhancement during the early arterial and also during the late venous phase of contrast-enhancement, also lower than the normal surrounding parenchyma. We found statistically significant differences in values during TIC analysis (p < .001). Conclusions: Low MI contrast enhanced EUS technique is expected to improve the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic lesions. However, further multicentric randomized studies will confirm the exact role of the technique and its place in imaging assessment of focal pancreatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor oral hygiene leads to the accumulation of dental plaque, thus contributing to the initiation of periodontal disease (PD). Local infections can lead to systemic inflammatory responses, which are essential mediators for the evolution of systemic conditions or cancer tumorigenesis. Often, patients hospitalized with life-threatening and incapacitating disorders such as gastric cancer (GC) might lose interest in keeping their mouth healthy. This study evaluates oral hygiene, periodontal status, and the need for oral care and medical personnel to assist in achieving it in patients hospitalized with GC. This study was carried out on 25 patients with a diagnosis of GC, divided into two groups (GP—14 patients from the Gastroenterology Department, and SP—11 patients from the 1st Department of Surgery). Patients were examined on the day of admission (T0), the day of the medical procedure of endoscopy or surgery (T1), and the day of discharge (T2), recording the number of absent teeth, dental plaque (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PPD), frequency of toothbrushing, and if the oral hygiene had been self-performed or assisted. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Our results showed that, in both the GP and the SP group, there were strong and statistically significant correlations between PI and BOP measured on the last day of hospitalization and the period of hospitalization after the medical procedure. Longer hospital stays and the presence of surgery were risk factors for changing toothbrushing frequency. Results also highlight the need for a dentist to diagnose and eventually treat periodontal disease before and after hospitalization, and for a trained nurse who should help take care of the patient's oral hygiene during hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims. The role of angiogenesis in progression and metastasis of gastric cancer has been studied over the last years. The aim of our study was to assess the microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in correlation with prognosis, survival and the risk for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding as well. Method. We prospectively assessed angiogenesis in 40 patients with gastric carcinoma. Microvessel density was calculated using CD31 and CD34 markers, and VEGF expression was assessed in biopsy samples. The tumor stage was established using imaging methods: CT scan for M and N stage and endoscopic ultrasound for T and N stages. The correlation between pathological markers and tumor stage, survival rate and risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was assessed. Results. The study included 40 patients with gastric cancer; among them 8 patients presented with upper GI bleeding. The average microvessel density was 10.21 for CD31 and 11.85 for CD34 in all patients VEGF was positive only in 45% of patients. The microvessel density was higher in patients with advanced TNM stage, and a correlation with the risk of UGIB and survival rate was also found. VEGF expression correlated with TNM stage and with the risk of upper GI bleeding. Conclusions. Microvessel density (estimated by CD34) was involved in locally advanced disease, while VEGF was correlated with loco-regional extension and distant metastasis in gastric cancer patients. There was a clear correlation between angiogenic parameters, survival rate and the risk of upper GI bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]