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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have developed rapidly in China, and the issues on where to locate the solar PV stations become critical. In some provinces, the markets are already saturated, and even solar energy curtailment has occurred due to oversupply. Thus, depicting an efficient deployment picture of the solar PV stations in China is in urgent need. To explore this issue, a profit-maximizing model is proposed to optimize the allocation of solar PV stations and interprovincial transmission strategies. The profit of solar PV stations in each province/municipality is evaluated from both economic and environmental perspectives. The economic performance is evaluated by net present value and levelized cost of energy, and the environmental benefits refer to the abatement of CO 2 emissions. The results show that the northwestern and northeastern regions are not suitable to further develop solar PV systems in recent years, while the developed regions including the Yangtze River Delta, Tianjin, Beijing, and Guangdong should be encouraged to deploy more solar PV systems, especially the distributed solar photovoltaics for the commercial/industrial sectors. In 2020, the newly-added installed capacity in Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, and Henan is supposed to excess 8500 MW. • Optimized deployment of solar PV stations at provincial level in China is depicted. • Northwest and northeast China lack demand for new solar PV stations in recent years. • Developed provinces should be highly encouraged to deploy more solar PV systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is actively supporting the electrification of passenger vehicles as it attempts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from the transportation sector. Through a hybrid life cycle assessment, this study aims to evaluate the CO 2 emission reduction potential from this large-scale vehicle electrification. A comprehensive database of passenger electric vehicles sold in 2018 is established and future scenario analysis considering multiple technology advancements is integrated. The results indicate that this vehicle electrification fails to achieve emission savings in 2018, as extra emissions from manufacturing newly sold passenger electric vehicles exceed the avoided emissions from on-road vehicles. In 2030, the emission reductions could feasibly increase to 49.64 million tons and achieve up to 62.16 million tons in the optimistic scenario. By correlation analysis using market-based data in 2018 and scenario analysis in 2030, the fuel economy is identified as a crucial factor to deliver emission mitigation. • The vehicle electrification in China fails to save CO 2 emissions in 2018. • Potential CO 2 emission reductions rises up to 60 million tons in 2030. • Relationships among emissions, vehicle performance and sales are analysed. • Fuel economy is a crucial factor to maximize the emission reduction potential. • Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles gain prominent emission reductions by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]