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Various security threats are encountered when keys are transmitted in public channels. In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on complex network scrambling and multi-directional diffusion. Combining the idea of public key cryptography, the RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the key related to plaintext. The algorithm consists of three stages: key generation stage, complex network scrambling stage, and multi-directional diffusion stage. Firstly, during the key generation phase, SHA-512 and the original image are used to generate plaintext-related information, which is then converted to plaintext-related key through transformation mapping. Secondly, in the complex network scrambling stage, the chaotic random matrix establishes the node relationships in the complex network, which is then used to construct an image model based on the complex network, and then combines pixel-level and block-level methods to scramble images. Finally, in the multi-directional diffusion stage, the multi-directional diffusion method is used to perform forward diffusion, middle spiral diffusion, and backward diffusion on the image in turn to obtain the final ciphertext image. The experimental results show that our encryption algorithm has a large keyspace, the encrypted image has strong randomness and robustness, and can effectively resist brute force attack, statistical attack, and differential attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]