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This paper addresses the issue of individual (home)1 education in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland. It compares the education systems of the countries with a similar tradition of the education system - Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland, from the point of view of the legislative options for providing homeschooling to children. The study describes the theoretical basis of homeschooling and the opinions of professionals on the studied issue. It defines the basic concepts associated with homeschooling and, through a document review and interviews with professionals, compares the homeschooling system in these countries. It is possible to state that the conditions for the provision of individual (home) education in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland are similar. It differs mainly in the age category of learners, the requirements for guarantor with qualification for (primary) teaching, and the recommendation from pedagogical and psychological counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, we aim to present the process of forming a new study program and subsequently, the process of establishing a new profession in Slovakia. We are talking about a new profession of Counseling, which currently has an important place in supporting people in various stressful situations. Thanks to foreign partners, the Faculty of Theology of the University of Trnava works intensively on rapid growth of the credibility of counseling as a profession. Efficiency of the counseling as a profession has been proved by recent multifactorial empirical research. Result of this research, as well as other sub-researches, was approval of a new professional oriented study program with focus on counseling establishing in Slovak environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution is focused on an analysis of the situation of university counselling in Slovakia in relation to ethics. It is based on the fi ndings of several projects dedicated to the problems of counselling in the school system in Slovakia and on the postmodernity of academic life. The author anchors the terminology in dialogical personalism. The methodology consists of establishing the Gadamerian situation of dialogical understanding of interdisciplinary approaches, comparing the fi ndings of projects with the author‘s practice as both an advisor and as an ethicist, and the heuristics of implementing ethics into university counselling activities. The fundamental conclusion of the research is the deduction that, just as freedom needs limits, so counselling inevitably needs ethics in order to be delivered wisely, humanely and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forgiveness is one of the psychological phenomena, which did not received adequate attention in psychological studies for a long time. The situation is changing due the rise of applied positive psychology and thus the topic is the subject of interdisciplinary studies in the world. This paper points to the considerable potential of the process of forgiveness as one of the intervention techniques in counseling and psychotherapy, which aims to improve the psychological health of the client. Forgiveness can be one of the options how to reduce the negative affective aspect of suffering - the psychological injury of a victim. First, it is pointed to the essence of forgiveness in counseling and psychotherapy, then, the forgiveness is defined regarding the phases of forgiveness and the process of forgiveness is described according R. D. Enright. The process models of forgiveness in counseling and psychotherapy are presented regarding the health aspect of forgiveness and non-forgiveness. In the conclusion, some results of studies dealing with intervention programs of process model of forgiveness in the field of quality of life, namely physical and mental health, are mentioned. Besides that, the author tries to outline the strengths and weaknesses of the process of forgiveness in counseling and psychotherapy based on three approaches to forgiveness in psychotherapy. The hope turns out that this phenomenon will become the subject of deeper psychological study not only abroad but also in the Czech and Slovak Republics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this study was to show on the example of good practice the possibilities of implementing telenursing in the nursing fields of neonatology and pediatrics. The new nursing approach was implemented by creating a website www.telesestra.sk. Such online counseling, consultancy and education, which was focused on the care for newborns and infants, were provided for six months. Material and method. A method called content and quantitative analysis of text/document was chosen to fulfill the goal. In our case, the content and quantitative analysis was realized on the electronic document – a website, whose central part was comprised of the online counseling and professional articles with educational content primarily intended for mothers with children. Results. The number of 2914 visitors showed interest in the website. As many as 36 questions were registered, which mainly focused on the issues with breastfeeding and care for newborns and infants. Conclusions. Based on the example of good practice, the development of telenursing can also be supported in other fields, as well as drawing attention to education and training of nurses in the field of information and communication technologies and exchanging work experience with nurses from those countries, where telenursing is already an integral part of the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antiplatelet therapy following a transient ischemic attack (TIA) constitutes an important secondary prevention measure. Aims: The study was aimed at evaluating the development of non-persistence with antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients after a TIA and identifying patient-related characteristics associated with the probability of non-persistence during the follow-up period. Methods: The study cohort ( n = 854) was selected from the database of the largest health insurance provider of the Slovak Republic. It included patients aged ≥65 years, in whom antiplatelet medication was initiated following a TIA diagnosis during the period between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2010. Each patient was followed for a period of 3 years from the date of the first antiplatelet medication prescription associated with TIA diagnosis. Patients in whom there was a treatment gap of at least 6 months without antiplatelet medication prescription were defined as 'non-persistent'. The factors predicting non-persistence were identified in the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: At the end of the follow-up period, 345 (40.4%) patients were non-persistent with antiplatelet medication. Protective factors decreasing a patient´s likelihood of becoming non-persistent were age ≥75 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75], polypharmacy (concurrent use of ≥6 drugs) (HR = 0.79), arterial hypertension (HR = 0.68), diabetes mellitus (HR = 0.74), hypercholesterolemia (HR = 0.75), and antiplatelet medication switching during the follow-up period (HR = 0.73). Conclusions: It is concluded that following a TIA, elderly patients aged <75 years or those with normal serum cholesterol levels, without certain comorbid conditions and polypharmacy may benefit from special counselling to encourage persistence with secondary preventive medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many developed countries, a home birth is still an alternative to a birth in a health facility. In Slovakia, extramural births tend to be associated with underprivileged and marginalized groups of the population. The large ethnic group of Romani people is one such group. Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine extramural births in Rimavská Sobota, a small town in Southern Slovakia, in the context of the overall sexual and reproductive health of Romani. Methods: During the study period between 2009 and 2013, there were 48 registered births in the town outside a health facility. The results of the retrospective study were analyzed in terms of absolute and relative frequency. Relationship between the variables was investigated by the Pearson correlation coefficient and by the chi-square test. The strength of relationship was measured by Cramér’s V coefficient. Results: Forty-four (91.7%) out of 48 extramural births involved Romani mothers, and 68.7% of them took counselling sessions irregularly or never. The mean age of mothers was 26.3 years, and 91.7% of them had no formal education. A strong indirect statistical relationship between counselling sessions and extramural births was demonstrated, as well as between the mother’s age and an extramural birth. Conclusion: The findings suggest that awareness among socially deprived population groups of the risks and possible complications involved in giving birth outside a health facility is inadequate. The authors see a solution in the effective implementation of sexual and reproductive health education of young Romani women and a more comprehensive preparation on their part for childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]