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The aim of the studies was to compare yielding ofAgaricus bisporus carpophores of strains, which were cultivated in Poland in previous years and nowadays, as well as dry matter content in them. The following old strains were investigated: 'Hauser A6', 'Hauser A6.5', 'So-mycel 11', 'Hauser A3.2', 'Somycel 53', 'Somycel 209', 'Somycel 91' and 'Hauser A8.8'. From among new strains 'Amycel 29', 'SP-251', 'SP-252', 'Amycel 2200', 'SP-312', 'Italspawn F59', 'Polmycel 29' and 'Polmycel 31' were tested. It was recorded that the yield of old strains varied from 17.3 to 23.7 kg⋅m-2. The biggest yield was given by 'Hauser A8.8' strain. New strains gave the yield from 16.9 to 23.6 kg⋅m-2. The biggest yield of carpophores was obtained from 'Amycel 2200', 'SP-251', as well as 'Polmycel 29' strains. Dry matter content of old strains varied from 8 to 9.6%. Three strains, i.e. 'Hauser A6', 'Somycel 11' and 'Somycel 53' were characterised by dry matter content of above 9%. Dry matter content of new A. bisporus strains was lower than of earlier cultivated strains and varied from 7.1 to 8.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carpophore dry matter content of several strains of A. bisporus and A. bitorquis obtained from natural habitats was investigated. Two cultivated mushroom strains were used as the control. It was found that the dry matter content of the fruiting bodies differed depending on the strain as well as the species of the analyzed mushrooms. The highest carpophore dry matter content was determined in the strains obtained from the natural environment. The highest dry matter content in the fruiting bodies was determined in A. bisporus Ab/ZW/4 - 11.2% and A. bitorquis Ab/L/11 - 9.6%, as well as in the cultivated strain K26 - 9.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ongoing interest in the production of mushrooms as food, and with their consumption on the rise, there is a need to establish different safety measures. In the present study, six mushroom species (Agrocybe cylindracea, Clitocybe maxima, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii) were cultivated on two commonly used substrates (A—based on alder and beech sawdust; B—based on oak sawdust and flax shives). The aims were to determine their growth and the accumulation of 70 elements in their fruiting bodies, 33 of which were detected in all analysed samples and were used for statistical evaluation. Cultivation of C. maxima, G. lucidum and L. edodes resulted in higher yield and mineral content when substrate A was used, cultivation of A. cylindracea and F. velutipes yielded better results on substrate B, P. eryngii cultivation outcomes were similar for both substrates. L. edodes was found to have a high affinity to accumulate Cd, C. maxima can bioconcentrate Al and Ni, Ganoderma lucidum—Pb, while F. velutipes—Hg. The study indicated that the chemical composition of substrates could affect both the yield and the level of various toxic and nutritional elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1979 world production of mushrooms has increased almost 10-fold, but it is not known whether the mineral composition profile of fruit bodies has changed over time and if so, what the patterns of changes are. This work attempts to determine alterations in the mineral composition of Agaricus bisporus produced in Poland in the years 1977–2020. The obtained results indicated a general decrease in the content of most of the analysed elements, which was most likely associated with changes in the growing substrate (horse manure in the first years, followed by the production of compost containing straw and poultry manure). The observed alterations in the content of elements in around 2010 probably resulted from the introduction of supplements during the optimisation of mushroom cultivation. Consuming A. bisporus fruiting bodies produced in Poland has never caused a risk to human health or life. Despite fluctuations in the content of elements in selected years, the results indicate a gradual reduction in the content, especially of nonessential and toxic trace elements. The results obtained from the archival and unique research material reflect current cultivation trends described by changes in the mineral profile of white button mushroom production. [Display omitted] • Content of 45 elements in Agaricus bisporus between 1977 and 2020 in Poland is reported. • Intake of mushrooms from Polish producers was not associated with health risk. • Despite diverse mineral profile a general decrease of element contents was observed. • The high content of elements was most likely the result of using horse manure. • Changes in the mineral profile are an effect of using supplements in compost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White rot fungi (WRF) are known to have the ability to degrade organic pollutants with a structure similar to lignin. Because of this, the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners no. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 by substrate before fruiting (substrate) and/or after fruiting (SMS) from cultivated mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus was examined. The experiment was carried out in four replications for each treatment using a mixture of substrate/SMS and sandy soil with PCBs at a concentration of each congener at 50 and 100 μg kg−1 soil DW. The results indicate that degradation was dependent on substrate/SMS addition, the concentration of PCBs and time of incubation. The efficiency of PCB degradation was generally reduced with the number of chlorine atoms in the structure of congeners: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 or 180. In all combinations, degradation increased with incubation time. Degradation by SMS was lower in comparison to degradation by a substrate of the same mushroom. The degree of degradation of a single PCB after 12 weeks of incubation for A. bisporus ranged from 31.32 ± 1.52 to 83.91 ± 1.07%, while for P. ostreatus it was between 37.88 ± 2.54 and 78.29 ± 1.41%; for L. edodes it ranged from 17.38 ± 1.06 to 75.30 ± 1.46%. The best average degradation was confirmed for 20% SMS of A. bisporus at 50 μg kg−1 PCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Content of 37 elements in mushrooms cultivated in 2009–2017 in Poland is reported. • Increased content of As in A. bisporus, P. ostreatus and L. edodes raise concerns. • No significant increase of other trace elements in fruit bodies was recorded. • bisporus is a valuable source of K, P, Cu, Fe and Se. • bisporus contain a beneficial Na:K ratio (1:76). Agaricus bisporus , Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes are the most commercially important mushroom species cultivated for human consumption. This study compared the content of major elements (ME) and trace elements (TE) in fruiting bodies of these three mushrooms available on the Polish market between 2009 and 2017. It demonstrates that the studied mushrooms, particularly A. bisporus , can be a valuable source of macro- and micro-nutrients such as K, P, Cu, Fe and Se (means: 28,500; 6150; 14.3; 49.3 and 2.59 mg kg dry weoght, respectively) and contain a beneficial Na/K ratio (1:76). The mushrooms were not found to contain increased levels of toxic metals with the ominous exception of As, levels of which were found to be elevated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]