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Monocytes and macrophages are critical effectors and regulators of inflammation and innate immune response, which appear altered in different autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent studies suggested that virgin olive oil (VOO) and particularly its phenol compounds might possess preventive effects on different immune-inflammatory diseases, including SLE. Here, we evaluated the effects of VOO (and sunflower oil) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peritoneal macrophages from a model of pristane-induced SLE in BALB/c mice, as well as those of the phenol fraction (PF) from VOO on the immune-inflammatory activity and plasticity in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy volunteers. The release of nitrite and inflammatory cytokines was lower in LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages from pristane-SLE mice fed the VOO diet when compared with the sunflower oil diet. PF from VOO similarly decreased the secretion of nitrite and inflammatory cytokines and expression of inducible nitric oxide, PPAR γ and Toll-like receptor 4 in LPS-treated human monocytes. PF from VOO also prevented the deregulation of human monocyte subset distribution by LPS and blocked the genetic signature of M1 macrophages while favouring the phenotype of M2 macrophages upon canonical polarisation of naïve human macrophages. For the first time, our study provides several lines of in vivo and in vitro evidence that VOO and PF from VOO target and counteract inflammatory pathways in the monocyte–macrophage lineage of mice with pristane-induced SLE and of healthy subjects, which is a meaningful foundation for further development and application in preclinical and clinical use of PF from VOO in patients with SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a new derivative of hydroxytyrosol (HTy), peracetylated hydroxytyrosol (Per-HTy), compared with its parent, HTy, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages as well as potential signaling pathways involved. In particular, we attempted to characterize the role of the inflammasome underlying Per-HTy possible anti-inflammatory effects. Isolated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with HTy or its derivative in the presence or absence of LPS (5 μg/ml) for 18 h. Cell viability was determined using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by Griess method. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway (STAT3), haem oxigenase 1 (HO1), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation was determined by Western blot. Per-HTy significantly reduced the levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as both COX-2 and iNOS expressions. Furthermore, Per-HTy treatment inhibited STAT3 and increased Nrf2 and HO1 protein levels in murine macrophages exposed to LPS. In addition, Per-HTy anti-inflammatory activity was related with an inhibition of non-canonical nucleotide binding domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways by decreasing pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 cytokine levels as consequence of regulation of cleaved caspase-11 enzyme. These results support that this new HTy derivative may offer a new promising nutraceutical therapeutic strategy in the management of inflammatory-related pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Current experimental studies support a beneficial role of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) in several inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary EVOO on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods: DBA-1/J mice were randomized in four experimental groups (10 or 15 animals per group): (1) Sham sunflower diet (SO-Sham), (2) CIA sunflower diet (SO-CIA), (3) Sham EVOO diet (EVOO-Sham) and (4) CIA EVOO diet (EVOO-CIA) group. After 6 weeks, arthritis was induced by type II collagen. Mice were sacrified 42 days after first immunization. In addition to macroscopic and histological analyses, serum levels of cartilage olimeric matrix protein (COMP), metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were evaluated by ELISA. The expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were studied by western blotting. Results: EVOO diet significantly reduced joint edema and cartilage destruction, preventing the arthritis development. Dietary EVOO significantly decreased serum COMP and MMP-3 levels, as well as, the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17). Moreover, the activation of JAK/STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB pathways was drastically ameliorated. According to Nrf2 and HO-1, the protein expressions were up-regulated in those mice fed with EVOO. Conclusion: These results support the interest of EVOO as a beneficial functional food to prevent the development of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a widespread organ involvement. Recent studies have suggested that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) might possess preventive effects on this immunoinflammation-related disease. However, its role in SLE remained unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effects of EVOO diet in a pristane-induced SLE model in mice. Three-month-old mice received an injection of pristane or saline solution and were fed with different experimental diets: sunflower oil diet or EVOO diet. After 24weeks, mice were sacrificed, spleens were collected and kidneys were removed for immunoinflammatory detections. The kidney expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were studied by western blotting. In addition to macroscopic and histological analyses, serum matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) levels and proinflammatory cytokines production in splenocytes were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoassay. We have demonstrated that EVOO diet significantly reduced renal damage and decreased MMP-3 serum and PGE2 kidney levels as well as the proinflammatory cytokines production in splenocytes. Our data indicate that Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein expressions were up-regulated in those mice fed with EVOO and the activation of JAK/STAT, MAPK and NF-κB pathways were drastically ameliorated. These results support the interest of EVOO as a beneficial functional food exerting a preventive/palliative role in the management of SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]