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The H3PO4 poisoning problem severely limits the performance of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) using the H3PO4‐doped polybenzimidazole as electrolyte membrane. Herein, the micropore‐rich carbon shell‐confined Pt‐based nanoparticles (Pt@MPC) with a Pt loading of 44.9 wt% is developed as the H3PO4 poisoning‐resistant electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which possesses both high ORR activity and stability. The half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.898 V and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of 62.3 m2 gPt−1 are superior to commercial 40 wt% Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.892 V; ECSA = 53.1 m2 gPt−1). Pt@MPC remains almost unchanged after the accelerated durability test of 10 000 cycles. Moreover, Pt@MPC exhibits remarkable H3PO4 tolerance as its negative shift of E1/2 (82 mV) is less in H3PO4‐containing electrolyte compared with commercial Pt/C (114 mV). This can be attributed to the steric effect of the micropore‐rich carbon, which enables the selective transport of reactants while inhibiting H3PO4. The HT‐PEMFCs assembled with Pt@MPC (0.7 mgPt cm−2) exhibit a maximum power density of 674 mW cm−2 under the H2‐O2 condition and outperform the commercial Pt/C (616 mW cm−2). This strategy provides a new direction for the design of ORR catalysts toward HT‐PEMFCs with better phosphoric acid poisoning resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron‐nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe‐NC) is an ideal candidate to replace Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts due to its low cost and comparably high intrinsic activity. To further enhance the ORR performance of Fe‐NC electrocatalysts, efforts have been focused on two main methods. One is to enhance the intrinsic activity of FeNx sites through electronic and geometric regulation, and the other is to increase the density of active sites by introducing high‐nitrogen‐containing precursors or co‐doping methods. Herein, we report a strategy to further increase the Fe loading through the introduction of a trace amount of Cu atoms. Significant enhancement of the electrocatalytic ORR property is observed in the as‐prepared Fe and Cu co‐doped electrocatalyst with superior half‐wave potential (E1/2) in both alkaline and acid electrolyte. Experimental and theoretical study reveals that the introduction of a trace amount of Cu atoms is beneficial for the formation of FeN4 sites, owing to the reduced formation energy. This work opens up a wide avenue to further increase the Fe loading in Fe‐NC electrocatalysts through bimetal co‐doping method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Design of the prior PA-resistance electrocatalysts through theoretical calculation. • Discovery of different scaling relationship of the adsorption energy difference of O 2 and H x PO(3-x)- 4 on Pt 3 M(1 1 1) alloy surface. • Pt X Cu as the object for the research of internal mechanism of the potentially high PA resistance property. • Higher PA-resistance performance of Pt 2 Cu compared to the commercial PtC in half-cell and full-cell tests. In high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), dissociative H 3 PO 4 in cathode will block the active sites of Pt-based electrocatalyst, which thus failure to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Therefore, the electrocatalysts for the ORR in HT-PEMFCs with high resistance to H 3 PO 4 poisoning are significantly important. Due to the similar bonding structure between H x PO 4 3-x/O 2 and Pt (Pt-O), the design of catalysts which could selectively reduce the adsorption energy of the H 3 PO 4 is urgently needed. In this work, we screen proper H 3 PO 4 resistance electrocatalysts through theoretical calculation based on the adsorption energy difference between H x PO 4 3-x and O 2 as an evaluation criterion. Then, we prepared a series of Pt x Cu catalysts based on the theoretical calculation results and further studied the structure-performance relationship of phosphoric acid-resistant catalysts through combining physical property characterization and electrochemical tests including half-cell and single-cell. The mass activity of Pt 2 Cu/C is 0.51 A/mg Pt , exceeding the DOE's 2020 target of 0.44 A/mg Pt. After add 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 into the HClO 4 electrolyte, the half-wave potential (E 1/2) of Pt 2 Cu/C is only negatively shifted by 47 mV, much lower than 90 mV of TKK Pt/C. Furthermore, the HT-PEMFC with Pt 2 Cu/C in the cathode shows a peak power density of 383.4 mW/cm2, which surpasses that of TKK Pt/C for 231.0 mW/cm2. Our strategy of screening catalysts based on the adsorption energy difference study and further verified by experimental methods provides a promising strategy for the design of practical electrocatalyst in the cathode of HT-PEMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst is fabricated by a rational designed dual-MOFs strategy for efficient and low-cost DMFC application. • A dual-MOFs strategy is developed for the fabrication of atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst. • The formation mechanism of the atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst is well investigated. • The as-prepared catalyst demonstrates high ORR activity, excellent methanol tolerance and outstanding stability in acids. • The DMFC assembled with atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst exhibits excellent performance. The rational design of highly efficient, low-cost and methanol-tolerant catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is urgently desired for the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, a novel Fe-N-C catalyst (ZIF/MIL-10-900) is derived from a mixture of ZIF-8 and MIL-101(Fe) and atomically dispersed FeN 4 structures are confirmed by Mössbauer spectra and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Study on the pyrolysis procedure reveals that Fe atoms in FeN 4 are from MIL-101(Fe), while ZIF-8 acts as structural support and nitrogen sources. The as-prepared catalyst demonstrates a comparable ORR activity with the commercial Pt/C possessing a half-wave potential (E 1/2) of 0.78 V in acids, in combination with excellent methanol tolerance and stability. One of the highest peak power density of 83 mW cm−2 in DMFC (3 M CH 3 OH) by adopting ZIF/MIL-10-900 as cathode catalyst is obtained, which is 2.8-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C in the same operating condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]