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Forty-six empirical studies directly investigating the effects of three classes of non-verbal variables (demographic cues, physical appearance, non-verbal behaviours) on performance appraisal were reviewed. In addition, relevant social psychological and communication research in the areas of person perception and impression formation was highlighted. The review indicated that the effects of non-verbal cues on person perception in general. acid performance appraisal in particular, are significant and varied. The review also revealed that (a) the majority of performance appraisal literature has exclusively examined demographic cues, (b) potential interactions among the three classes of non-verbal variables have been generally ignored. and (c) most of the research is non-theoretical. In an attempt to remedy this situation, a conceptual framework within which to examine the impact of non-verbal cues on the performance appraisal process was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the changing of several controversial proposals that has been made in February by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of a year-long effort to overhaul the agency's peer-view system in the U.S. The author stated that the agency will spend at least $200 million annually over the next five years to foster groundbreaking, investigator-initiated research as part of the Enhancing Peer Review. Moreover, one of the controversial proposals shelved by the agency is the recommendation that all applications will be treated as new, without reviewer access to prior reviews.

Defines the competence and competency processes used in management to gauge the job performance of hospital employees in the United States. Domains of learning affecting various instructional methods to achieve competence; Distinction between competence assessment and competency assessment; Cost of competency in patient care.