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This paper examines the potential of solar and hydrogen (H 2) energy-based hybrid energy systems for residential applications. The growing need for energy and the demand for sustainable energy sources have led to the development of integrated energy systems that combine renewable energy resources to meet energy needs. This paper overviews recent studies on hybrid energy systems for on-grid and off-grid residential utilizations. It discusses the system configuration and components of hybrid energy systems, including solar panels, electrolyzers, fuel cells (FC), and batteries. It also covers the technical optimization of integrated energy systems, including sizing, control strategies, and economic analysis. The key findings of this review paper indicate that hybrid energy systems can offer dependable and sustainable energy for residential applications. Through numerical analyses, the optimal dimensioning of the system elements and control strategies can significantly enhance the system's performance and lower the cost of energy. This study also highlights the challenges and opportunities for integrating hybrid energy systems within residential applications. Overall, it provides in-depth perspectives on the possibilities inherent in solar and hydrogen energy-based hybrid energy systems for residential applications. The findings can guide future research and the advancement of hybrid energy systems for sustainable energy solutions. • Comprehensive review on solar and hydrogen-based residential applications. • Holistic approach to system configuration, optimization, and economics. • Detailed analysis of interconnected components enhancing system efficiency. • Unique focus on real-world residential applications and scenarios. • Broad applicability across diverse geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of renewable energy and the increasing maturity of energy storage technology, microgrids are quickly becoming popular worldwide. The stochastic scheduling problem of microgrids can increase operational costs and resource wastage. In order to reduce operational costs and optimize resource utilization efficiency, the real-time scheduling of microgrids becomes particularly important. After collecting extensive data, reinforcement learning (RL) can provide good strategies. However, it cannot make quick and rational decisions in different environments. As a method with generalization ability, meta-learning can compensate for this deficiency. Therefore, this paper introduces a microgrid scheduling strategy based on RL and meta-learning. This method can quickly adapt to different environments with a small amount of training data, enabling rapid energy scheduling policy generation in the early stages of microgrid operation. This paper first establishes a microgrid model, including components such as energy storage, load, and distributed generation (DG). Then, we use a meta-reinforcement learning framework to train the initial scheduling strategy, considering the various operational constraints of the microgrid. The experimental results show that the MAML-based RL strategy has advantages in improving energy utilization and reducing operational costs in the early stages of microgrid operation. This research provides a new intelligent solution for microgrids' efficient, stable, and economical operation in their initial stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of green and low‐carbon transformation of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks, in order to realize the coordinated development planning of energy and transportation under different peaking capacity requirements, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization model of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks under green and low‐carbon. Firstly, by studying the energy balance mechanism between industrial load and new energy, an energy topology prior model of energy interaction in the next generation of industrial new energy power grid is constructed. Then, based on the probability characteristics of the equilibrium state of different regions in the high‐energy‐consuming industrial zone, combined with the prior knowledge of industrial load and low‐carbon power system, a collaborative development planning model of high‐energy‐consuming industrial parks is constructed. Finally, the proposed model is simulated. From the simulation results the authors can see the dynamic division model and solution algorithm of energy balance region established in this paper can effectively improve the energy balance ability of power grid, reduce peak shaving demand and use more renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the association between renewable energy uptake and digitalization in the sector by reviewing relevant literature (published 2010–2022), with the aim of identifying the existing utilization of digital technologies within the sector, challenges to adoption, and future prospects. Different search engines (SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were used to locate relevant papers and documents. The results revealed the high significance of digital technologies in supporting the renewable energy sector, with high costs and security risks representing the key challenges. Most papers reviewed had a positive outlook, but recommended further research and development for effective energy transition and resilient infrastructure. The current drivers of the integration of digital technologies to support the diffusion of renewable energy sources appear to extend beyond energy demand and involve many aspects of sustainability and sustainable development. Compared with previous reviews, this work has unique scope and novelty since it considers the bigger picture of the coupling between digitalization and the renewable energy sector, with a greater focus on critical areas in these two interconnected bodies that need to be addressed. The relatively small sample of relevant papers (69 from 836 hits) located in the literature review confirms the need for more research covering the subject in greater depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the European Union, increasing attention is already being paid not only to the development of renewable energy sources, but also to the establishment of solutions to achieve local energy self-sufficiency while increasing the role of citizens in managing the energy they generate. This approach is expected both to have a positive impact on the environment and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and to enhance energy security—both in economic and civic terms by, i.a., combating energy poverty. The development of local energy communities promoted in the EU is supported i.a. by energy cooperatives. These contribute to the efficient harnessing of renewable energy potential in rural and urban-rural areas, and have been developing in Poland for several years now. In their previous studies, the authors of this research paper attempted to verify the generation (number, type and capacity of installed sources) and consumption (energy demand) configurations in which an energy cooperative would be a viable solution for prosumers who might establish it. However, over the past few years, the conditions for prosumers and the method of their accounting with the electricity seller have changed radically in Poland (shift from net metering to net billing). This situation has opened up space for further research and encouraged the authors to revisit the problem of analyzing the viability of establishing energy cooperatives in relation to the rules of operation of individual prosumers. This research was carried out for three scenarios, and the horizon of the analyses conducted and described extends to 2045. The comparative analysis included energy consumers without their own generation sources, prosumers with a photovoltaic generation installation covered by the net billing model, as well as a scenario involving prosumers' cooperation within an energy cooperative, which by law is settled in the net metering model. Conclusions from the research and simulations made it possible to confirm the claim that, despite changes in the rules of prosumer billing, developing energy independence in the energy community formula results in a significant reduction in the cost of purchasing electricity (even several times lower purchase costs in the timeframe analyzed) and can lead to a reduction in the payback time of investments in generation sources even by a factor of two. The results presented in this research paper open up space for further research. The outcomes allow us to assume that energy cooperatives—in the organizational and institutional model in Poland—are a good tool for reducing the phenomenon of energy poverty on a local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Year after year, there are alarming data concerning the excessive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. In this context, the development of renewable energy sources has evolved considerably, mainly due to the incentive use of biofuels, such as bioethanol. The second-generation bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomasses has interesting potential to meet this energy demand. The Eucalyptus tree stands as a primary example of cultivated hardwoods, owing to its lignocellulosic structure and the biomass residues generated during its processing, where these attributes make it a significant candidate for the production of fuels. The industrial potential of these materials can be explored in the fractionation of their components to reduce their recalcitrance due to the triad formed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, for further processing and obtaining the products of interest. This paper comprehensively gathers the current technological progress employed for processing Eucalyptus wood biomasses for second-generation bioethanol production. Discussion regarding their chemical composition, the main forms of pretreatments that are being applied, and ways to minimize the generation of fermentative inhibitors during these processes is addressed. Finally, recent researches focused on Eucalyptus biomass-based bioethanol production and techno-economic considerations are discussed. The feasibility of the process is closely tied to the comprehensive utilization of products derived from this biomass. While production appears relatively effective at the laboratory scale, further research is required to develop a cost-effective process that fully harnesses the potential of the biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of large energy systems based on renewable energy sources is accompanied by an increase in the input capacities of large grid storages. Taking into account the vector for decarbonization and maneuverability, the use of hydrogen as a fuel in the cycle of a diabatic compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a promising scientific and technical direction. This paper analyzes the key performance indicators of a compressed air energy storage in the presence and absence of thermal energy recovery within the cycle. In addition, an assessment was made of the prospects for the use of a methane-hydrogen mixture in gas turbines. At the end of the paper, a calculation of the process of plasma pyrolysis of methane is given as one of the possible methods for the production of hydrogen for use in energy purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With further penetration of low-carbon energy conversion, microgrids (MGs) have become a necessary tool for expanding the consumption of renewable energies. In this paper, an optimal operation model for a microgrid-based multi-agent system is proposed. The goal is to save the total energy cost, which is expressed as a sum of locally observable convex functions. Therefore, improving the operational efficiency of microgrids is the key to promoting renewable energy development. This paper develops a three-layer multi-agent system model considering energy storage system and power thermal load demand response to solve the energy management problem of microgrids. In order to investigate the effect of energy storage system and demand response in microgrids, this paper designs three simulation cases, namely infrastructure case, energy storage case and demand response case. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper uses the proposed method to solve three cases and compare the result with other meta-heuristic algorithms. The comparison results show that: (1) the multi-agent system model can realize the joint optimization of "resource, network, load and storage". (2) The introduction of energy storage and demand response system in microgrids can stabilize the output. Renewable energy units promote the use of renewable energy and reduce the overall operating cost of microgrids. Moreover, the results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has far better performance than other optimization methods. Also, the analysis obtained from the results shows that the cost is reduced by 1.82%. PV and WT output increased by 14.54% and 2.42%. In addition, their standard deviation decreases after ESS participation. The proposed approach is very effective through a simulation case study, which shows high potential for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to assess the investment activity of basic local government units in the development of renewable energy sources co-financed by EU funds depending on CO2 emissions and other socio-economic conditions in terms of regions of Poland in the years 2007–2020. Empirical studies aimed at the verification of the research hypothesis that "the greatest investment activity in local projects co-financed from EU funds related to the development of renewable energy sources is observed for local government units in regions with highest CO2 emissions". Empirical studies were conducted based on data from the Ministry of Investment and Economic Development in Poland, the Local Data Bank, and the National Centre for Emissions Management. Thus, the conducted analyses provide both cognitive and applicatory values for the establishment of an appropriate energy transition policy in individual regions of Poland, which may be implemented by local government authorities within the current financial framework. Data concerning CO2 emissions at the regional level were estimated by applying the original disaggregation method as modified by the authors, which made it possible to fill the research gap resulting from the lack of data on emissions at the regional level. In order to show the regional diversification in investment activity of local government units in terms of renewable energy sources, its multi-faceted analysis was conducted by applying the Ward method. Clusters of regions with similar investment activity of local government units were described based on characteristics included in the typological classification (so-called active characteristics) and selected indexes showing CO2 emission levels, as well as selected socio-economic indexes (so-called passive characteristics). Based on the empirical studies, the research hypothesis presented in this paper was negatively verified. Considering both multiannual financial frameworks, the EU financial support for the development of renewable energy sources was used primarily by local government units of a predominantly agricultural character, and less advanced in terms of their development but exhibiting conditions conducive to renewable energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Output instability is one of the important constraints limiting the large-scale application of renewable energy. The development of comprehensive energy systems can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency, but there is still a problem of randomness in renewable energy output. The paper conducts research on the uncertainty of distributed energy output and load, constructs a comprehensive energy system optimization model that takes into account the robustness of bilevel programming, and solves the model using the firefly algorithm. The calculation results show that optimizing uncertainty can significantly reduce the actual operating costs of the system, with a maximum reduction of 14.43%. When the distributed wind power interval is within [0190], a dynamic balance between cost and consumption rate can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) into energy systems requires a meticulous assessment of various factors, spanning renewable energy potential, legal frameworks, technical considerations, community engagement, and consumer preferences. This article synthesizes a multifaceted discussion on the subject, focusing on the need for comprehensive analyses before deciding to implement SMRs. Drawing insights from geographic information systems (GIS) and lessons from renewable energy development in Poland, this paper underscores the significance of aligning energy strategies with local needs, emphasizing stakeholder participation. This study examines the factors influencing location attractiveness for various energy technologies, including small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs), wind, solar, and hydroelectric power plants, within Poland. Employing 17 indicators sourced from Statistics Poland and URE, coupled with the application of the k-means algorithm, we outline four distinct clusters that delineate the zones of location attractiveness for SMRs and other renewable energy sources. While large and medium-sized cities exhibit optimal location attractiveness, coastal counties in northern Poland emerge as more suitable for renewable energy sources than for SMRs. The study outlines four distinct energy development strategies based on typologies of regions, each tailored to maximize the utility of available resources and minimize environmental impact. The strategies encompass renewable energy utilization, energy efficiency enhancement, energy diversification, and adaptation through innovation. Emphasizing the interplay between renewable energy potential, energy demand, and local conditions, the research suggests the strategic deployment of SMRs as part of an energy mix in areas where renewable energy resources are limited. By leveraging SMRs' continuous energy production, these reactors can complement intermittent renewables, bolstering energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is a key driver of all modern economies. Sustainable development is playing an increasingly important role both at regional and local levels. It is a compromise between social and economic needs and the preservation of nature. In the policy of the European Union, the idea of sustainable development and environmental protection is of decisive importance for the implemented programs and economic activities. Contemporary challenges require the transformation of the energy market towards greater use of renewable sources. According to Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and European Council on promoting energy from renewable sources, Poland has committed itself to achieving a 23% share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption by 2030. This goal considers total energy consumption in terms of power, engineering, heating, refrigeration, and transport. The aim of this paper was, firstly, an analysis of the share of renewable energy in the European Union over an 18-year period (2004–2021), with particular emphasis on the position of Poland. The second objective was the analysis of renewable energy at the local level in Poland, i.e., at the local government unit (LAU) level. Changes in the share of renewable energy in Poland compared to other European countries were also examined. The study utilized functional analysis of principal components and cluster analysis based on the data from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. The study found that while Poland does not differ significantly from other countries in using renewable energy, it does fall below the European average. Principal component analysis suggests that Poland responds adequately to European changes in the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. This dynamic is stable (over 95% explained by the first component) and applies to most countries surveyed. In addition, the authors sought to answer questions relating to the current status of renewable energy sources in Poland, the barriers and challenges facing the introduction of renewable energy in the country, a comparative analysis of Poland's progress in renewable energy with other global counterparts, and an exploration of the future prospects and potential for the development of renewable energy in Poland. The study found that the potential for renewable energy is greatest in the northern areas of Poland, with photovoltaics and wind power plants providing the greatest capacity. Poland's renewable energy potential is very high and will be determined by technological development, political, economic, and social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We employed MRA to specify the authentic empirical effect based on 328 estimation results from 33 primary studies. • Financial development leads to higher renewable energy consumption / use / capacity / production according to the MRA. • There is no publication bias in the existing literature. • The authentic empirical effect may change depending on financial development or renewable energy indicators used, time period covered, the unit analyzed, and the estimation technique employed. • There is an omitted variable bias in the existing literature. The current paper tries to determine and quantify the authentic empirical effect of financial development on renewable energy beyond publication selection bias, if any, based on 328 estimation results from 33 primary studies that were published or presented over the period of 2009-2022. Bivariate and multivariate FAT-PET analyses were used as tools of meta-regression analysis. A positive significant authentic empirical effect of financial development on renewable energy is found as a first contribution. Hence the results support Hypothesis 1; by offering more reliable, efficient, and less costly funds to investors; whether private or public, financial development boosts renewable energy. An absence of publication bias is resulted regarding the overall findings of the primary studies or design characteristics (moderating variables) as a second contribution. Based on the results for moderating variables, the authentic empirical effect may change in direction and magnitude due to the financial development or renewable energy indicators used, the time period covered, the unit analyzed, and/or the estimation technique employed as a third contribution. Omitted variable bias is found in the existing literature analyzing this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of carbon emissions from the energy industry chain and the coordinated development of the energy supply chain have attracted widespread attention. This paper conducts a systematic review of the existing literature on the energy industry chain and energy supply chain. Based on the analytical results, this paper finds that research gaps exist in the studies of energy consumption structure and resource consumption in energy industry chain. In addition, the studies of coordinated operation mechanisms, risk control and the impact of government policies on the energy supply chain still have some shortcomings. Furthermore, this paper shows that the exploitation and utilization of renewable energy and the sustainable development of the energy industry chain and supply chain have become the major focus of scholars and governments in recent years. Accordingly, this article finally presents the future research prospects and provides managerial insights for policy makers and enterprise managers to accelerate the development of renewable energy resources and to achieve green, low-carbon, coordinated and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy in China has made remarkable achievements, but the problem of renewable energy consumption has become increasingly prominent. This paper establishes a power market trading system for renewable energy, with the aim of promoting large-scale renewable energy consumption and increasing the enthusiasm of renewable energy producers and users to participate in market transactions. First, according to the power generation cost, the backup cost of renewable energy power plants and the possible quotation strategies of other renewable energy producers, a quotation model of renewable energy producers is established. In the clearing of the spot market by renewable energy producers, the independent market operator conducts the first-stage clearing of the electricity market with the goal of maximizing social welfare. After the announcement of the clearing results, the renewable energy producers that did not win the bid will revise their quotations and carry out the second stage clearing to realize the consumption of renewable energy. In this paper, the particle swarm algorithm combined with the CPLEX solver is used to solve the problem, and finally, different scenarios are analyzed through example analysis. The results show that, compared with the conventional power market trading mechanism, the energy abandonment rate of the power market trading mechanism for renewable energy proposed in this paper drops from 8.2% to 2.1%, and the profit margin of renewable energy producers increase by 6.6%. It is demonstrated that the proposed electricity market mechanism can effectively promote the consumption of renewable energy and increase the income of renewable energy producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is regarded as an effective method to alleviate environmental pollution and accelerate the green transition in China. This paper systematically investigates the impact of financial inclusion on renewable energy demand by using S-GMM model based on provincial data in the green finance era. This paper also analyzes the asymmetry, heterogeneity, and mediating mechanism in the nexus between financial inclusion and renewable energy demand, and highlights the following findings: (1) Improved financial inclusion can promote renewable energy development in China and present the characteristics of green finance; (2) the impact of financial inclusion on renewable energy demand is asymmetric and heterogeneous; specifically, this impact is much higher in northern China and the regions with higher renewable energy development; and (3) wind and photovoltaic power generation are effective mediators between financial inclusion and renewable energy industry, while the mediation effects of hydropower and nuclear power are not significant. New evidence in this study is presented for the achievement of green transition in China, as well as practical policy implications for improving financial inclusion and increasing renewable energy consumption. For instance, fiscal and tax incentives and green investment subsidies in the renewable energy sector need to be further improved. • This study explores the impact of financial inclusion (FI) on renewable energy demand (RED) in China. • Asymmetry, heterogeneity, and the mediating mechanism are further discussed. • Increased FI can promote RED , which presents the characteristics of green finance. • The impact of FI on RED is asymmetric and heterogeneous. • Wind and photovoltaic power are effective mediators between FI and RED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation of this paper is to investigate the resistance of countries' energy research and development (RD&D) expenditures to random shocks. The analysis includes the five countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom) that are the biggest investors in RD&D in fossil fuels, renewables, energy efficiency, and nuclear energy. Thus, economies will be able to take precautions against global shocks in producing sustainable energy policies. To achieve this aim, this paper uses the artificial neural network approach, which uses a distributed computing model that can store and generalize data after a learning period. Empirical results widely depend on countries and distinct energy technology policy fields. The key findings provide evidence that RD&D expenditures, except for renewables, do not tend to mean revert. The economies of Japan, Germany, and the United States should make more renewable investments to reduce the resistance of renewable energy sources to shocks and thus produce policies for both environmental sustainability and energy security. The economies of France and the United Kingdom can ensure energy security by continuing their sustainable energy policies. • Applied SDG policies focused on energy technology RD&D are presented. • The stochastic characteristics of energy technology investments are examined. • Carbon-reducing policies are recommended for the top five economies. • Energy technologies are perused through artificial intelligence approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote community initiatives for renewable energy are rapidly emerging across Canada but with varying numbers, success rates, and strategies. To meet low-carbon transition goals, the need to coordinate technology deployment and long-term policy to guide the adoption is critical. Renewable resources such as wind, solar, hydro, and biomass can provide energy at a subsidized cost, create sustainable infrastructure, and provide new economic viability in social value integration. The renewable energy transition is crucial to Canada in sustaining remote and indigenous communities by providing local, clean, and low-carbon-emission energy for heat, power, and possibly transportation. This paper identified 635 renewable resources projects deployed to improve and increase electricity supply. To an extent, balancing demand within the remote and indigenous communities of Canada and highlighting sustainable renewable energy development through ownership participation within the communities is achievable before 2050 and beyond through energy efficiency and the social value of energy. The article identifies clean energy targets as mandated by the different provinces in Canada to reach net-zero GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the background of exhaustion of the traditional fossil energy sources and environmental deterioration, developing renewable energy has become a strategic choice for countries to achieve energy sustainable utilization and carbon neutrality target. Different renewable energy technical plans have different characteristics under multiple criteria. Therefore, before the further exploitation of renewable energy sources, it is of great significance to evaluate the comprehensive performance of different plans and then determine the best renewable energy sources. However, the commonly used weight calculation methods in the existing renewable energy evaluation have obvious shortcomings, such as the randomness of the subjective method is strong and the gap in the weight allocation of the objective method is too large, which affect the reliability and accuracy of the sorting result. In this paper, a novel weight calculation method based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed, and is applied to renewable energy evaluation. The study in this paper focuses on methodology. Firstly, for the linear normalized and Zeros normalized evaluation data, the differences between renewable energy plans in the two normalized evaluation data are measured, and the ranking deviations of the two normalized data are calculated. Then, the multi-objective weight solving model is constructed in terms of plans differences minimization and ranking vectors deviations minimization. The NSGA-II algorithm is applied to the optimization of multi-objective functions to find the Pareto non-dominated solution, so as to determine the weight values of each evaluation index. Finally, the TOPSIS method is used to determine the relative closeness value of each plan, and the rankings of renewable energy technical plans are achieved. Based on the actual renewable energy development data of a province in China, experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than some popular renewable energy evaluation methods. [Display omitted] • Propose a novel evaluation method for renewable energy technical plans. • Apply non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II to determine the index weights. • Compared with the existing evaluation method, the proposed method performs better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the factors of renewable energy consumption in the fifth Technology Revolution with specific evidence from ASEAN countries. The study applies an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The paper also uses the unrestricted fixed and random panel data methods. The manuscript identifies significant factors such as technological innovation, governmental policies, public awareness, electricity consumption, country population, foreign direct investment inflows, imports, exports, and economic growth that have influenced the renewable energy sector in these nations. This study also investigates the determinants that influence renewable energy in the context of international integration and the fifth technology revolution in ASEAN countries. The research analyzes data spanning two decades, from 2000 to 2022, through a combination of econometric modeling and machine learning techniques. Preliminary findings indicate that technological innovation, government policies, and public awareness significantly affect renewable energy consumption in these countries. The empirical results offer insights for policymakers and stakeholders in leveraging technological advancements for sustainable energy development. The findings from this study on the determinants of renewable consumption in the context of the Fifth Technology Revolution in ASEAN countries also have several important policy implications for the sustainable development goal. • This study aims to investigate the factors of renewable energy consumption in the fifth Technology Revolution. • The study uses panel data analysis, and the paper identifies significant factors that have influenced the renewable energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economic costs of environmental pollution increase the importance of renewable energy sources. This paper analyzes the impact of financial development on renewable energy consumption in 34 upper middle income developing countries from 1994 to 2015. The long-term relationship between variables is estimated by applying Panel Pedroni cointegration and Kao cointegration tests. The long run effect of financial development on renewable energy consumption is investigated by using Fully-Modified OLS (FMOLS) approach. The empirical results indicate the presence of long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and financial development. Moreover, financial development increases the demand for renewable energy. Economic growth has a negative effect on renewable energy consumption, but consumer prices have a statistically insignificant impact on renewable energy consumption. The empirical evidence reveals that financial development triggers in increasing demand for environmentally friendly energy sources, i.e., renewable energy. Renewable energy consumption reduces the amount of greenhouse gases in nature as opposed to fossil energy consumption. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development goals, governments should implement incentives and tax policies that increase the demand of enterprises for renewable energy resources. In addition, investment opportunities in renewable energy resources to be created by public-private cooperation via financial arrangements should be increased. - This paper examines how financial development affects renewable energy consumption? - The panel Pedroni cointegration and Kao cointegration approaches are applied. - The Fully-Modified OLS (FMOLS) approach is employed for long run association. - Financial development promotes renewable energy demand. - Economic growth declines renewable energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of solar photovoltaic and small wind turbine hybrid energy systems in residential applications has picked up promising development around the globe. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy generation associated with the reliance on climate conditions is one of the factors which affect the reliability of the system. Therefore, there is a need to develop an energy management scheme for improving the reliability of the system. One of the drawbacks of hybrid renewable energy systems is the high investment cost, particularly looking at low-income family units. This present paper, an extension of the preceding work, focused on the development of an energy utilization scheme of a hybrid energy system particularly for low-income houses based on energy consumption patterns. The utilization scheme is developed using computational methods in a MATLAB environment. Energy storage systems considered in this work are electrochemical batteries and small-scale flywheel energy storage (kinetic energy storage). Utilizing hybrid energy based on consumption patterns has lowered the capacity of the system's components, resulting in a $900.00 investment cost. The flywheel energy storage is prioritized to supply high-wattage loads while the battery is prioritized to supply average loads, resulting in a 33.9% improvement in battery health. This hybrid system contains a high proportion of renewable energy and reduces annual electricity costs by 96.7%. The simulated results on MATLAB software showed an improvement in terms of energy utilization of a hybrid power system. The cost of utilizing energy is reduced by effectively utilizing more renewable energy sources, with a resultant reduction in electricity bills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to identify the state of residential buildings in terms of energy consumption and modernisation in Poland against the background of the EU, and to determine factors and activities increasing households′ interest in net-zero energy buildings. In the European Union, we are observing a tendency to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, including residential, and decarbonise building stock by 2050. The objective of the undertaken activities is to reduce energy use and the negative impacts of the use of buildings on the environment. Attaining this objective requires modernising many buildings. This dissertation includes an investigation into the condition of buildings in Poland from the aspect of energy use and the kind of carriers of this energy, and also into another issue: what factors and activities may increase society′s interest in net-zero energy buildings, and in the use of energy from renewable sources in residential buildings. The studies were conducted with the use of the data provided by the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT, and also of the reports of the European Commission, the data of the Central Emission Register of Buildings (CERB) and the Odysse–Mure database. An important source of information was also surveys conducted with the application of CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview), and also of PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview), among 387 households in Poland. For the purpose of analysing the results of the studies, the methods of descriptive statistics, the chi-square test of independence, the ANOVA test of Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U-test were used. The analysis gives rise to the conclusion that, in residential buildings, household′s annual primary energy demand is dependent on the year in which a building was commissioned. Newer buildings can boast smaller heat energy use. Simultaneously, ever more households are undertaking activities that will result in the thermal modernisation of residential buildings. The studies have shown that the development of net-zero energy buildings requires undertaking activities in the scope of introducing allowances and subsidies, and also increasing social awareness in the scope of this kind of building. Interest in buildings using solely renewable energy sources is contributed to by raising energy prices, and also the falling prices of required installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently the main alternative to fossil fuels and are also seen as an important contributor to slowing down the dangerous climate change on our planet. Energy supplied from renewable sources can reduce the consumption of primary raw materials and reduce emissions of harmful substances that enter the atmosphere in the process of producing electricity and heat, having a negative impact on the environment. This paper provides a multivariate comparative analysis of EU countries in terms of the use of renewable energy. The empirical research used seven variables defining the complex phenomenon under study, collected for 27 EU countries between 2011 and 2020. The research method used was the dynamic version of the non-model method, with a normalisation method based on zero unitarisation. The results of the study confirm that there was a positive change in the use of renewable energy in most EU countries between 2011 and 2020. High levels of renewable energy use were displayed by the Scandinavian countries, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. In contrast, the least renewable energy use was seen in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poland remains the most coal-dependent economy in the EU. To minimize that problem, which is particularly clear and dangerous in the period of a shortage of fossil fuels, the Polish authorities have decided to establish various institutions, organizational and regulatory solutions. Their role is to support the development of renewable energy sources and local energy communities. The latter are to focus on optimizing the production and consumption of energy in pursuit of energy self-sufficiency on a local scale. One such institution, set up in Poland over the last several years, is the energy cooperative, which is intended to increase the efficient use of the potential of renewable energy sources in rural and urban–rural areas. The authors of this article verify the assumptions, for instance, the number, composition or production and members' consumption profiles, under which such a relatively new institution has the chance to develop. A novelty in this research paper is that the interests of the entities composing a given energy cooperative may additionally be secured by the use of surplus generation for crypto-coin mining, and thus the storage of energy in virtual currency. A dedicated mathematical model in mixed-integer programming technology was used, enriched with respect to previous research, making it possible for members of the cooperative to achieve energy independence while maximizing self-consumption and using their excess energy for processing cryptocurrency. This is in line with the global trend of "greening"; the processes of acquiring electronic money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current legal and policy system of renewable energy in China has set up a framework of policy instruments, which provides an important foundation for dealing with climate change and promoting the healthy development of the renewable energy industry with the goal of "carbon neutrality" and "emission peak". However, the current policy instruments cannot meet the needs for rapid development of the renewable energy industry. This paper investigates, analyzes, and concludes the status of renewable energy development along with related policy instruments in different renewable energy sources by literature and points out the problems of current policy instruments, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. Moreover, from the perspective of energy consumption market transformation, the authors carried out an analysis of China's challenges of policy instruments, pointing out that China's renewable energy policy instruments have the potential to take one step further in the areas of the regulatory system, legal system and legal security system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate and energy policies are the key areas of the European Union's development aspirations in the international arena. The European Green Deal sets ambitious new goals in this respect, emphasizing clean energy. The development of the energy sector, relying chiefly on renewable sources, is one of the conditions for the EU to transition to energies that do not produce waste that pollutes or is otherwise harmful to the Earth and human health. This paper assesses the development of renewable sources of energy in the EU and identifies challenges to the realization of the EU's energy priorities. An analysis of renewable sources of energy in the EU in 2012 and 2020 is the prime method. The generation of primary energy from renewable sources, the share of energy from renewable sources in the final energy consumption, the structure of energy generation from renewable sources, and the share of energy from renewable sources in the energy used by the transport sector are discussed. Secondary data are employed, made available by Eurostat and Statistics Poland. To reach the objective of the study, Z. Hellwig's taxonomic method is applied to assess the development of renewable energy sources (RES). Cluster analysis (Ward's agglomerative clustering method) is additionally used for separation of objects and member states that are similar with regard to the phenomenon reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the challenges that societies and economies face in view of the assumptions of the EU's new Green Deal, which envisages a balancing of CO2 emissions and absorption. This analysis discovers varied progress on the development of RES in the member states, posing a threat to the European community's aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy resource utilisation is becoming more prevalent in society and can be a sustainable method to meet rising energy demand and consumption. The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that presently, approximately 33% of total electricity output around the world is from renewable energy sources. However, in Nigeria, the World Bank reported this figure as 18.2% in 2015. It is important to understand how Nigeria can raise this average as the world moves towards less use of fossil fuels. Therefore, the aim of this work was to provide a review of the established literature, which can then be used to support the development of renewable energy systems in Nigeria. The methodology employed for the study of the literature involved a systematic review method, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion criterium steps. Understanding the national energy landscape is essential to support potential projects, and consequently, energy supply, demand and consumption in Nigeria are observed. The review examined renewable energy sources in Nigeria with a focus on solar and biomass/bioenergy. The levelised cost of electricity from renewable technologies was analysed, and the paper identified and evaluated past projects centered on solar and biomass, presenting three main case studies. The results indicate that solar and biomass have the most potential for energy generation in Nigeria, with 4–6.5 kWh/m2 of solar irradiation available per day and approximately 2.3 × 109 GJ bioenergy potential per year. However, solar PV is currently of most interest in Nigeria due to the lower cost of on-grid solar PV electricity, which can comfortably compete with fossil fuels. Nevertheless, costs still need to be lowered to compete fully. Finally, the findings also indicate that there is an omission in the literature surrounding the existing renewable projects and technologies in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of studies on sustainable development. The majority of research focuses on developed countries and issues that are incompatible with developing nations. This study addresses a gap in the literature by reviewing the research on developed and developing economies, as well as their social and environmental boundaries, under the renewable energy and sustainable development (RESD) nexus. It also explores how RESD may be applied in extreme situations such as population increase, energy supply disruptions, and transportation shortfalls. The fundamental contribution of this paper is to provide detailed debate from the perspective of economic growth hypotheses and their relationship with energy usage and renewable energy solutions for sustainable growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular Gravity Energy Storage (M-GES) systems are emerging as a pivotal solution for large-scale renewable energy storage, essential for advancing green energy initiatives. This study introduces innovative capacity configuration strategies for M-GES plants, namely Equal Capacity Configuration (EC) and Double-Rate Capacity Configuration (DR), tailored to optimize energy storage efficiency and stability. Through comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations, we demonstrate each configuration's distinct power characteristics and operational advantages. Our findings reveal that while the EC configuration offers enhanced power accuracy and stability, it requires a larger number of units. In contrast, the DR configuration, characterized by fewer but larger units, shows a trade-off with reduced power stability. This paper contributes significantly to the field by presenting a first-of-its-kind comparative analysis of these configurations, offering insights into their practical applications and scalability. The proposed strategies and findings lay a foundation for future research and development in gravity energy storage systems, marking a step forward in pursuing sustainable and reliable energy solutions. [Display omitted] • Two typical unit capacity configuration strategies for M-GES power plants are proposed. • The unit scheduling method of the M-GES power plant is proposed. • The coordination control method is provided for each proposed configuration strategy. • Equal capacity configuration has better power accuracy but requires more units. • Double rate configuration needs fewer but larger units and less power stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Providing an inclusive, up-to-date, and organized review of the published research. • Taxonomy of microgrid based on control structures, specifications and components. • Energy management summation and classification based on several significant factors. • Discussing some of the skilled methodologies and techniques developed or adopted. • Taxonomy of the different modeling and handling methods of the uncertainty. Energy is one of the essential foundations for the sustainable development of human society, so its management is necessary. Energy management system (EMS) can be explained as the procedure of optimizing, planning, controlling, monitoring, and saving energy to maximize operations and efficiency and minimize consumption. Microgrid (MG) requires EMS as an efficient and optimal tool owing to the stochastic nature of electrical loads and renewable sources. Moreover, energy management system is responsible for operation of a MG in reliable, secure and economical manner in either states of grid-connected or disconnected. Many literatures have recently focused on the expansion of advanced strategies of the MG energy management for establishing a self-sustained MG in both industrial and academic research. Thus, a comparative research is needed for having a 360° viewpoint of the energy management domain in MGs. In this regard, this research investigates a comparative and critical analysis of the developed strategies of the energy management for the MGs from different views and aspects from 2009 to 2022. The review strategy systematically adopted by the author includes: (i) Extracting research papers relevant to energy management in MGs; (ii) Filtering the significant papers to prepare a database of related research papers (iii) Classifying the used methods for EMS based on the technique, control strategies, and structure; (iv) Discussing potential directions for future studies. In a wider outlook, this research provides a systematic and updated review of energy management strategies for MGs developed by different researchers. The author hopes that academicians and practitioners can use the suggested framework as well as the offers presented for further studies on this significant yet sophisticated issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hierarchical approach is proposed considering quartile method for optimization. • Proposed CEEMDAN-DMD can regress the energy based on pre-set energy proportion. • Proposed hierarchical allocation strategy can be used for severe power volatility. The development of renewable energy dominated power system and the integration of large-scale wind-storage energy system are inevitable trends of the future society. This paper developed a new methodology of hierarchical power allocation strategy considering wind power fluctuation. A novel idea is presented that fully considers the fluctuation and energy proportion. Based on the Quartile Method (QM) and Hampel-Savitzky Golay (HSG) strategy, a layered-based method that considers the volatility interval to effectively overcome the limitations of a single strategy caused by severe volatility interval is proposed. Then, an improved power division method based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is proposed where CEEMDAN is used to decompose the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) of the remaining fluctuations. Furthermore, according to the required setting of energy proportion, DMD strategy is used for power fitting of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Through experimental verification, the hierarchical strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the probability of severe volatility interval or distortion interval and ensure the sequence in the ideal interval. Moreover, the proposed CEEMDAN-DMD strategy can realize the power division according to the energy proportion demand. In model verification, the volatility improvement ζλ 1 min = 85.4766%. Set the energy demand ≥ 80%, the fitting energy proportion accounts for 87.7533%, which outperforms the traditional power division method. In addition, it is demonstrated that the theoretical method proposed in this paper is reliable and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial sector performance is increasingly linked with the transition to renewable energy in the sustainability discourse of developing economies. This paper examines the nexus and implication(s) of financial development on renewable energy consumption in Nigeria (the largest and most populous economy in Africa). Specifically, this study utilized the broad-based financial development index data to effectively address the multidimensional nature of financial development and the portion of renewable energy in total energy consumption as key variables, while other relevant pieces of information (growth rate of per capita GDP, foreign direct investment and consumer price index) were incorporated. The study employed a blend of the ADF test and Zivot-Andrew test to ascertain stationarity properties as well as the likelihood of structural breaks, while the ARDL was utilized to determine the long-run relationship(s) using data from 1981 to 2019. The study estimation finds, among other things, that financial development is critical for renewable energy consumption in Nigeria and recommends policies to promote better outcomes for the financial and energy sectors, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest energy consuming country, it is important to study the mechanisms of improving renewable energy and energy efficiency to achieve green economic growth in China and globally. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of environmental regulations on green economic growth and renewable energy development in China, respectively. First, this study measures the level of green economic growth in Chinese cities by the Metafrontier-Global-SBM super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) model from the perspective of energy efficiency. And the environmental regulation intensity was measured using an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Second, a spatial econometric model based on longitudinal data was constructed to examine the non-linear effects of environmental regulations on green economic growth and its spatial spillover and feedback effects. The results indicated a U-shaped non-linear effect of energy efficiency-related environmental regulation on green economic growth as well as a spatial spillover effect and spatial feedback effect. Finally, the impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. The results show that renewable energy development, an important component of green economic growth, is equally dependent on the implementation of environmental regulation policies and that environmental regulation makes a significant contribution to renewable energy development. The findings of this paper provide a basis for the realization of green economic growth and the formulation of renewable energy policies in China. • Impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. • A spatial econometric model of 286 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2018 was constructed. • Environmental regulation has a significant U-shaped effect on green economic growth. • Non-linear effects include spatial spillover and spatial feedback effects. • Environmental regulation promotes green growth earlier in resource-based cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the paper are to identify and assess the determinants of transition to renewable and sustainable energy development in Azerbaijan and Poland. Both countries have a clear target to increase the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the gross final energy consumption, i.e. Poland in the National Energy and Climate Plan for the years 2021–2030 declares that it wishes to achieve 21–23% by 2030 (total consumption in electricity, heating and cooling as well as for transport purposes). But there are currently significant producers and consumers of conventional energy carriers, respectively coal and oil, and these fuels ensure an appropriate level of energy security and production stability. Moreover, in Poland, the mining sector plays a very important social role, whereas the oil industry in Azerbaijan creates significant budget revenue. Therefore, even with stronger EU and worldwide climate policy and a decreasing cost of cleaner forms of energy, there are many challenges and obstacles for such countries in increasing energy from RES associated with energy security, efficiency, existing infrastructure, competitiveness and social aspects. In order to identify best practices for the transition to decarbonisation, the availability of energy resources, energy market structures, national strategies and policies were compared using PESTEL analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of global warming the importance of climate risk cannot be understated, and finding ways to reduce climate risk is a topic worthy of study. In this paper, we innovatively examine the role of renewable energy technology innovation on climate risk in China. In addition to their linear relationship, we also investigate the asymmetric and heterogeneous impact, detect the impact channels, and find that (1) increased renewable energy technology innovation can effectively alleviate the climate risk situation. Accordingly, the development of renewable energy technology innovation can make a significant contribution to CR abatement. (2) Pronounced impacts of renewable energy technology innovation on climate risk can be observed in the higher quantiles (75th and 90th) of climate risk. (3) Renewable energy technology innovation is a powerful weapon for eradicating climate risk in provinces with a higher level of government fiscal expenditure. And (4) renewable energy technology innovation has an impact on climate risk by facilitating energy consumption efficiency, which is a necessary mediator. These conclusions inspire us to put forward several corresponding policy implications for better climate risk governance and renewable energy technology innovation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", China is vigorously developing renewable energy. This paper aims to examine the major contributors to regional inequality in renewable energy consumption by analyzing the 30 provinces in China. We have analyzed the inequality of China's renewable energy consumption with Dagum Gini coefficient, and then use the Generalized Divisia Index Model (GDIM) to decompose the influencing factors contributing to the inequality of renewable energy consumption. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: First, renewable energy consumption was higher in the western region than in the central and eastern regions, and the regional inequality in renewable energy consumption have increased over time. Second, the study reveals that inter-group disparity is the primary source of regional inequality in renewable energy consumption in China. Third, at the national level, the results of the GDIM decomposition show that economic development continues to rely on fossil energy consumption, which negatively impacts the low-carbon transition of energy. Given China's complex geographical conditions, it is crucial for different provinces to develop their own strategies for renewable energy development, taking into account unique resources and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of the development of green finance on China's energy consumption structure. 17 basic indexes and the improved entropy weight method are used to construct the green finance index (GFI). Multiple regression, panel regression, and spatial regression are used to study the impact of green finance on China's traditional energy and renewable energy consumption. The results show that there is a positive spatial spillover effect in the development of green finance among provinces in China. The development of green finance contributes to the conversion of traditional to renewable energy consumption. The effect of green finance on the transformation of energy consumption structure is mainly reflected in the direct effect. The green finance in each province not only helps the local development of green energy but also plays a good role in the production and utilization of clean energy consumption in surrounding provinces. Therefore, the government should support the green finance, reduce traditional energy consumption, and increase renewable energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite enormous challenges in accessing sustainable energy supplies and advanced energy technologies, Ethiopia has one of the world's fastest growing economies. The development of renewable energy technology and the building of a green legacy in the country are being prioritized. The total installed capacity for electricity generation in Ethiopia is 4324.3 MW as on October, 2018. Renewable energy accounts for 96.5% of total generation; however, despite the county's enormous biomass energy potential, only 0.58% of power is generated using biomass. Ethiopia has surplus woody biomass, crop residue and animal dung resources which comprise about 141.8 million metric tons of biomass availability per year. At present the exploited potential is about 71.9 million metric tons per year. This review paper provides an in-depth assessment of Ethiopia's biomass energy availability, potential, challenges, and prospects. The findings show that, despite Ethiopia's vast biomass resource potential, the current use of modern energy from biomass is still limited. As a result, this study supports the use of biomass-based alternative energy sources without having a negative impact on the socioeconomic system or jeopardizing food security or the environment. This finding also shows the challenges, opportunities and possible solutions to tackle the problem to expand alternative energy sources. The most effective techniques for producing and utilizing alternate energy sources were also explored. Moreover, some perspectives are given based on the challenges of using efficient energy production and sustainable uses of biomass energy in Ethiopia as it could be also implemented in other developing countries. We believe that the information in this review will shed light on the current and future prospects of biomass energy deployment in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geothermal energy can be an attractive source of renewable energy in many respects. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of geothermal energy in the West Pomeranian Region of Poland. The article presents the key principles of geothermal energy development, its role, functions and perspectives in fostering renewable energy usage in the region in question. Strengths, weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats of using geothermal energy are analysed based on the literature review. A regional geothermal energy development model is proposed. The study is based on statistical data. The results of the conducted study show that geothermal energy can be an important source of regional energy supply in the West Pomeranian Region. However, advantages and shortcomings should be taken into account when deciding on the promotion of geothermal energy in the selected region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources. Full utilization of this energy helps to optimize agricultural development, improve our living environment, and replace some non-renewable energy sources, thereby promoting the eco-environment across the country. However, biomass energy has not been extensively utilized in rural areas of China. Many farmers are not very enthusiastic about the use of biomass energy. Many scholars have tried to boost the willingness of farmers to utilize biomass energy. Therefore, this paper collects the relevant data from six aspects, namely, environmental factor, cost factor, income factor, behavior factor, policy factor, and personal factor, and constructs a binary logistic regression model. On this basis, the driving and influencing factors of biomass energy utilization were empirically analyzed from the perspective of farmers. The results show that the development of biomass energy is mainly affected by the farmers' awareness of national energy strategy, the relevant costs of biomass utilization, and the attitude of family members and village committee. The research provides an important reference for further promotion of biomass energy, elevation of its utilization efficiency, and optimization of energy structure in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the research topics of China's energy transition policy and predicting future research trends are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions and advance the energy transition. This study applied the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract 26 major research topics from the 13,976 abstracts of Chinese policy research papers in web of science (WOS), conceptualized the five most popular topics and used the ARIMA model to predict trends over the next 36 months. The results show that except for Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13), which will first experience unanticipated fluctuations and then show strong growth capacity, all other topics will continue to remain positive growth trend. Research and Development (Topic3) is driven by the urgency of China's energy transformation. Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13) is driven by the potential for the development of renewable energy. Economic Impact of Climate Change (Topic26) is driven by the climate change debate. Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Energy Consumption (Topic7) is driven by a discussion of their relationship and the mechanisms influencing them. Regional Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (Topic19) is driven by regional differences in China's energy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy production and consumption patterns in 122 countries over the period from 1990 to 2020. Particular attention is paid to the role of different types of energy, including renewable, hydro and nuclear energy, as well as oil, gas and coal, in shaping GHG emissions. Unlike previous studies, the paper analyzes the full range of energy resources and focuses on different quantiles of data using the quantile-quantile regression (QQR) method. The results of this approach are compared with traditional quantile regression (QR) to assess its validity. Among the findings of this study are: (1) different parts of the energy mix have a heterogeneous impact on GHG emissions in different quantiles; (2) energy consumption patterns play a more significant role in shaping GHG emissions than production patterns; (3) increasing production and consumption of fossil fuels does not necessarily increase GHG emissions; (4) similarly, the development of renewable energy sources is not always accompanied by a reduction in GHG emissions. Our general conclusion is that existing climate policy requires significant diversification to not be focused only on renewable energy, which impact on GHG emissions is not as homogeneous as it usually considered, and which cannot solve the problem of raising emissions solely. Instead of this, it could be more rational to focus on the searching the ways of hydrocarbon industries sustainable development and support them in this journey, especially in the field of Scope 2 and Scope 3 operations management. • Impact of energy consumption and production on GHG emissions were analyzed for 122 countries in 1990–2020. • Quantile and Quantile-on-Quantile regression were used to catch the specifics of energy consumption and production patterns. • Two temporal breakpoints (1999/2000 and 2009/2010) were introduced to catch shifts in variables dependencies. • The influence of fossil fuels on GHG emissions is not homogeneous as it usually considered, the same is fare for renewables. • A promising option to reduce GHG emissions is carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global shift to renewable energy is conducive to carbon reduction, but its impact on the economy is still uncertain. Unlike existing research focusing on the effect of domestic renewable energy (RE), this paper considers the global RE connection among countries and examines the impact of global RE development on economic growth (EG) using China as a sample. In addition, we apply a novel wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile method, which can estimate the local influence of the α-quantile of global RE on the β-quantile of the EG in different periods. The finding shows that the upper quantiles of RE promote EG , and this effect is greater at the upper quantiles of EG in the medium- and long-term. This is mainly because China plays a leading role in RE development and has an advantage in exporting RE -related products with the development of global RE. The finding proves the growth effect, indicating that RE is a blessing for China's EG. However, in the short term, a higher level of global RE development impedes China's EG due to high upfront costs of RE production, fierce competition from other countries, and insufficient energy supply when significant investment shifts from non-renewable energy to RE. The empirical results provide important policy implications to balance RE 's short-term inhibitory effect and long-term promoting effect on EG in the process of the global energy transition. • The global RE connection and the impact of global RE development on economic EG. • Applying wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile method can estimate the local influence of global RE on EG in different periods. • Upper quantiles of RE promote EG is greater at the upper quantiles of EG in the medium- and long-term. • The growth effect indicating that RE is a blessing for China's EG. • Balance RE's short-term inhibitory effect and long-term promoting effect on EG in the process of energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in space technology have enabled the acquisition of reliable marine data, facilitating research on the potential of ocean renewable energy as an alternative source that can reduce dependency on fossil fuels, subsequently mitigating climate change. However, the ocean renewable energy development in Malaysia has not received adequate attention from local authorities and communities due to low resources in this area. Insufficient in-situ data, both in spatial and temporal dimensions, poses challenges in investigating the characteristics of ocean parameters, hindering a thorough study of the potential for ocean renewable energy development. Hence, this paper aims to identify potential ocean renewable energy development locations using the altimetry data and spatial-temporal clustering using the K-means technique. Theoretically, Malaysian seas are suitable for harnessing wind and waves with energy density ranges of up to 104.69 kW/m2 and 4.21 kW/m, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of Malaysian potential for ocean renewable energy, providing valuable information to stakeholders and the government to increase their interest in ocean renewable energy as a sustainable source for electricity generation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy is the key to tackling climate changes and ensuring energy security. Meanwhile, the process is usually associated with a huge investment and financing gap, especially for transitional countries like China. Hence, developing and innovating the traditional financial system is urgent. However, existing studies have mainly focused on traditional financial perspectives, and few papers have critically examined how digital financial inclusion affects the growth of renewable energy industries. To this end, using Chinese provincial data from 2011 to 2020 and applying Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method, this study explores the effect of financial inclusion on renewable energy and its underlying mechanisms from the production and consumption perspectives. It is found that the impact of financial inclusion on the production side of the renewable energy industry is significantly better than on the consumption side, and there is heterogeneity effect in different energy resource varieties, different regional locations, and different financial regulation intensities. The financial inclusion on renewable energy has a significant pulling effect in photovoltaic and wind provinces, but not in large hydropower provinces. Then, its driving effect is particularly pronounced in the northern region. Nonetheless, it is not significant for renewable energy consumption in the southern region. Besides, this positive effect cannot be achieved without stronger financial regulation. The mechanism of action assessment finds that optimizes the consumption pattern, increase the competition of commercial banks, and improve technological innovation all contribute to the positive effect whereas, FDI shows the negative effect. This study provides new evidence on China's achievement of the energy transition, suggesting the need to further improve incentives for FDI firms and to strengthen consumption-side guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The method to effectively capture the key information of faults and improved model efficiency. • The method based on meta-learning represents an innovative path for the inverter output decision-making. • The method can quickly and accurately fit the mapping between features and decisions. With the increase of energy demand and the continuous development of renewable energy technology, active distribution networks have become increasingly important. However, the introduction of a large amount of renewable energy has made the structure of ADN increasingly complex and fragile, and emergency fault caused by emergencies may often occur. Voltage control in the emergency fault event is particularly important. In this context, this paper presents a meta-learning based voltage control strategy for renewable energy integrated active distribution network. A general regression neural network is first applied to extract features from the operation data. Then, the local cross-channel interaction network is adopted to capture targeted information that is most related to emergency fault from the features and induce knowledge transfer to update the voltage control strategy. This allows the proposed strategy to make optimal decisions quickly when only limited data are available under an emergency fault that has never occurred. Comparison results based on a 69-bus distribution network validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the deployment and penetration of renewable energy is considered to be the fundamental way to solve environmental problems, but whether higher penetration of renewable energy means higher energy efficiency remains to be empirically tested. To reveal the relationship between cleanliness and efficiency in the energy sector, this paper first uses the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA)method to measure the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 30 provinces in China, and then applies static and dynamic panel threshold regression (PTR)models to estimate the nonlinear effect of renewable energy share on TFEE. The results show that renewable energy is usually beneficial for improving TFEE, but there are prominent heterogeneity and nonlinear characteristics in net electricity exporting and net electricity importing provinces. Renewable energy in low rather than high regimes can significantly improve energy efficiency, indicating that provinces with lower levels of economic development and energy consumption receive higher marginal energy efficiency and are more likely to achieve sustainable development goals. More renewable energy quotas should be given to economically developed and high energy consuming provinces, and comprehensive energy efficiency guarantees and improvement measures must be provided to achieve optimal emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) depends on the access of modern, sufficient, and efficient energy to all people. Currently, developing countries including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are the most vulnerable to the environmental problems associated with the use of non-renewable energy. All countries are striving to develop and use sustainable renewable energy (RE) with zero, low, or neutral greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are a lot of challenges that hinder effective utilization of RE resources in SSA. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore RE potentials for sustainable development in sub-Saharan African countries and provides an in-depth discussion on the challenges facing the exploitation of renewable energy resources. Additionally, it examines ways forward to improve the situation. This study systematically reviews the RE and sustainable development sector in SSA based on the relevant studies published between 2012 and 2020. Relevant data and information from various bibliographic sources such as Web of Science were collected, selected, organized, analyzed, interpreted, and presented in themes, graphs, and tables. The study revealed that despite the abundance of RE resources such as hydropower, wind and solar energy, and bio and geothermal power in SSA, there are various drawbacks curtailing their exploitation. These include inadequate technical, financial, and human resources, weak institutional and regulatory frameworks, and sociopolitical barriers. Thus, the study recommends the strengthening of the institutional and regulatory framework, capacity building, and harmonization of financial resources and enhancement of security and political environments to attract investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide utilization of fossil energy, including its specific application as transportation fuel, significantly contributes to the continuous increase of the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Several solutions have been promoted or scheduled to reduce CO 2 emissions. Among these solutions, the development of renewable energy resources, such as bio-fuels, offers important advantages as promoted by several countries and institutions who disclosed their plans to partly or totally use alternative renewable energy sources in the future. For the rapidly growing aviation sector, aviation fuel derived from fossil resources is still the major available energy source. The development of renewable aviation fuel is considered to be a promising future strategy to reduce related CO 2 emissions. The worldwide total aviation fuel consumption by commercial airlines increased from about 260 million m³/year in 2005 to over 340 million m³/year in 2018, and a further annual increase of about 5% is expected till 2050. Worldwide actions have hence been undertaken with respect to bio-aviation fuel production, distribution, and demonstration flying. As a relatively new topic, there are a lot of remaining challenges in technology development, fuel certification and distribution. The production technology, policy and environmental impact of bio-aviation fuel were comprehensively reviewed, including its production by the catalytic conversion of lipids, by the conversion of carbohydrates or lignocellulosic biomass, and by developing bio-refinery concepts for bio-aviation fuel production. The future reduction of CO 2 emissions in the aviation sector requires an improvement of the biomass to aviation fuel production technology through the correct integration of biology, chemical engineering, and energy crops. The paper illustrates this potential integration through reviewing the current research in the production of aviation fuels from biomass, including the complete industrial chain from airplane manufacturer, aviation fuel producer and provider, airline strategies, and ongoing R&D, bearing in mind that major efforts are required to foster the development of the cost-effective production of renewable aviation fuel. The different topics of the Table of contents will be subsequently dealt with. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]