1. Conflicting urban and rural territorial livelihood metabolisms: The "explosion" of the "sustainable" urban-industrial pulp complex in Bahia – Brazil.
- Author
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Laschefski, Klemens
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,SUSTAINABLE development ,METABOLISM ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
Highlights • The applicability of the parameters was tested on the pulp industry, in the south of the state of Bahia, Brazil. • The importance of different worldviews of social groups and cultures in the search for sustainability is emphasized. • Seven parameters for sustainability are provided to guide political decision-making in urban planning. • The applicability of the parameters was tested on the pulp industry, in the south of the state of Bahia, Brazil. • The outcomes show the limitations of certification schemes for sustainability like the Forest Stewardship Council. Abstract The search for sustainability, particularly in an urban context, is in full swing. Based on a review of mainstream environmental management and the critical environmental justice perspective, this analysis proposes that concepts of space, territory, and livelihood which are operating at the interface of the social and physical world, offer possibilities to understand urban and rural metabolisms in a global context. The second part of the paper focuses on the main obstacles to achieve sustainability, arguing that the underlying causes for conflicts between urban and non-urban traditional territorial livelihood metabolisms are not being adequately addressed. The challenges of implementing sustainability often involve dealing with dynamic contradictory processes with unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, sustainability should not be seen as a certain state of the society, but as a kind of structuring structure characterized by the necessity of permanent rearrangement. Finally, to make this finding more applicable, we present seven parameters to evaluate socio-spatial relationships as a dialectical cognitive framework for planning towards more sustainability and environmental justice. The application of these parameters has been tested on the "sustainable" pulp industry in Bahia – Brazil, which is often regarded as sustainable due to certification by the Forest Stewardship Council. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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