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In the 2015 Paris Agreement, nations worldwide pledged emissions reductions (Nationally Determined Contributions-NDCs) to avert the threat of climate change, and agreed to periodically review these pledges to strengthen their level of ambition. Previous studies have analyzed NDCs largely in terms of their implied contribution to limit global warming, their implications on the energy sector or on mitigation costs. Nevertheless, a gap in the literature exists regarding the understanding of implications of the NDCs on countries' Energy-Water-Land nexus resource systems. The present paper explores this angle within the regional context of Latin America by employing the Global Change Assessment Model, a state-of-the-art integrated assessment model capable of representing key system-wide interactions among nexus sectors and mitigation policies. By focusing on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Colombia, we stress potential implications on national-level water demands depending on countries' strategies to enforce energy-related emissions reductions and their interplays with the land sector. Despite the differential implications of the Paris pledges on each country, increased water demands for crop and biomass irrigation and for electricity generation stand out as potential trade-offs that may emerge under the NDC policy. Hence, this study underscores the need of considering a nexus resource planning framework (known as "Nexus Approach") in the forthcoming NDCs updating cycles as a mean to contribute toward sustainable development., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Abstract: The paper presents a unified approach to the modelling, forecasting and control of natural and man-made environmental systems. The modelling approach exploits the author’s Data-Based Mechanistic (DBM) modelling philosophy, combined with powerful methods of recursive statistical estimation. These provide the basis for two major stages of model building: first, the critical evaluation of the over-parametrized simulation models that are currently the most common vehicle used in environmental planning and management studies; and second, the adaptive, data-based estimation of parsimonious, ‘top-down’ models that can be used for adaptive forecasting and data assimilation, as well as operational control and management system design. The associated control system design methodology is based on the Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) approach to the design of Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control systems, based on the DBM models obtained at the previous modelling stage. The paper includes a case study concerned with the modelling and control of globally averaged levels of in the atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

global warming poses a serious threat to human health, yet healthcare organisations and staff have been relatively slow to engage with sustainable healthcare practices. This review of the literature seeks to frame what is already known about nurses and their views on global warming and sustainable health care. Design: 11 primary research articles were sourced from a search of five mainstream databases. These articles were subject to a basic thematic analysis. Results: six themes were identified: sustainability, endemic blindness to global issues, environmental numbness, social norms, priority assigned to sustainability, and psychology of responsibility and blame. Conclusion: from the literature reviewed, there are a number of social, cultural and psychological barriers that have led to widespread inaction. This article recommends further research to understand the psychological barriers in more depth as this is a poorly understood area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Globalism' can be defined as a mode of thought deriving from the practice of thinking globally, both literally and figuratively. Globalism not only informs major trends within governance and economics, it also informs environmental issues, not least those related to global warming. It will be argued, using the example of the production of energy and power, that there may well be a built-in contradiction between globalism and the interests of landscape as the diverse place of people, polity and nature. This study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of such a contradiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideas of approximately 700 Chinese high school students (aged 11 to 16) from the city of Shanghai and Zhejiang Province have been investigated using a closed questionnaire to find out the extent to which they believed that various actions might help reduce global warming. The results show that students appear to have some understanding of the issue, with certain correct ideas increasing with age, and various incorrect ideas decreasing. Amongst the most popular ideas, however, were a number of misconceptions, some of which, alarmingly, increased in popularity with age. In the affective domain, a high proportion of students felt that responsibility for taking action against global warming should be shared between government, industries and the individual, with a high degree of willingness for more education and legislation to help overcome the problem. There was less support for taxation, individual or corporate, to help alleviate the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seas - all the seas - cry for regulation as a veritable res communis omnium.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the plan of Australian Prime Minister John Howard to invest in the development of nuclear energy as a way of solving environmental issues in the country. The author claims that Howard's plans are obscuring the causes of global warming while creating an ideological refuge for unsuitable and anti-green energy sources. Environmentalists became alarmed with the proposal of Howard and the threat being posed by the development of nuclear energy to the environment. Moreover, individuals who are seeking social justice and environmental sustainability treat Howard as a formidable opponent.

The article provides an overview on the key concepts and issues related to climate change adaptation. The adaptations of climate change are designed to alter and affect the type and magnitude of possible impacts both economic and non-economic on various systems and resources. The adaptations of climate change would be more difficult if climate change is rapid and discontinuous, while benefits of the adaptation of climate change are uncertain. The deployment of projects that are shortened often result less successful adaptation.