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This paper investigates the commonalities and differences of contemporary feminist theories by proffering a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Western feminist agenda and Chinese woman's concerns in relation to the philosophical discourse on global justice. Interpretation of feminist accounts delineates the persistent gender inequalities presented by Western feminist thinkers, such as Maria Lugones, Elizabeth Spelman, and Sally Haslanger, while highlighting the historical and constitutional approach to understanding the roots of gender distinctions and norms in Chinese culture through the philosophies of Ruism, Daoism, and Buddhism, as well as the Civil Code of marriage. Reflection assesses the extent of translatability concerning feminist matters given the dissimilar social contexts and political circumstances between China and the United States. This paper draws attention to the need for embracing the historical and cultural heterogeneity of grievances of women from all over the world to acknowledge the cross- and multi-cultural conditions regarding the life prospects of both men and women. Such initiatives encourage mutual engagement in promulgating the multiplicity of feminist voices to prompt more productive conversations about the identities and meanings of masculinity and femininity instead of expecting or imposing a universal consolidation of woman's experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January, 2018, the global anti-sexual violence and anti-sexual harassment movement – popularly known as #MeToo – had its Chinese nascence. This study drew upon the theory of connective actions to investigate how digital technologies shift the way in which feminist activism takes place. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were employed to systematically analyse over 36,000 online articles related to the campaign. The study identified 48 cases of sexual violence and harassment allegations. Findings from time series analysis show that China's #MeToo campaign first emerged within educational institutions before gradually spreading to other sectors of society. Based on qualitative findings from the ten most controversial cases, this paper identifies a series of counter-censorship strategies. The study of how the #MeToo movement in China emerged, adapted, and grew within an authoritarian context reveals unique insights into how connective actions traverse various platforms and cultural contexts. Methodologically, this study demonstrates how mixed methods can be utilised to study connective actions on social media in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the intersection of feminist activism and civil disobedience in China, specifically focusing on the A4 revolution that occurred in late 2022. It examines how the protests, which initially began in response to extreme COVID-19 lockdown measures, evolved to incorporate feminist perspectives and address broader issues of gender injustice in China. It provides a scholarly analysis of these events through the lens of gender and feminist theory.

In this paper, I present and assess feminist philosophical thinking related to Daoism and Buddhism. I argue that despite the complexity, feminist scholarship on Daoism and Buddhism illustrates the diversity of feminist scholarship regarding Chinese traditions because it goes beyond the dominant Confucianism. I also argue that it exhibits a transcultural trend in which issues about gender intersect with Daoism and Buddhism. In addition, I suggest that Chinese philosophy should interact with Chinese feminism and gender studies in China to cultivate an explicit Chinese feminist philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the celebrity divorce case of Leehom Wang and Jinglei Lee, this paper adopted gender schema theory and digital feminism framework and conducted a qualitative content analysis of the online discussions of the role of housewives and gender issues in Chinese society. The research found that although feminism has been prevalent in China with the impact of globalization, women still face structural oppression and constraints as well as a double burden regarding their various roles in families and communities. Although the social institutions have created barriers and obstacles, information technology and social media provided platforms and opportunities for women to express their feelings and opinions, inspire and support each other, and raise public awareness of the deep-rooted gender issues in Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Entrepreneurship in China is a recent phenomenon, whereby self-employment was formally legalized in the 1980s. Despite the growing significance of Chinese entrepreneurship, literature is without consistent contextual analysis. Our study is the first to systematically review Chinese entrepreneurship by using a mixed-methods analysis through combining quantitative Leximancer data-mining software with a traditional qualitative content analysis. We analysed 2,572 relevant publications and provide 11 key themes within Chinese entrepreneurship coinciding with the introduction of China's Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation policy campaign. Next, we extracted 126 publications specific to women and analysed the thematic results using post-structural feminist theorizing, we challenge the hegemonic normalization of gender order created within Chinese entrepreneurship literature and the othering of women entrepreneurs. Our results indicated several limitations and new opportunities to refine the focus of future studies utilizing feminist theory with implications for public policy and entrepreneurship. We believe by understanding a longitudinal view of Chinese entrepreneurship through a post-structural feminist lens, scholars can adopt research strategies to reduce potential marginalization in Chinese entrepreneurship theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to now, the development path of Chinese women's liberation movement and modern Chinese women's literature is fundamentally different from that of the West. Therefore, the study of Chinese women's literature can not only rely on the essentialism of western feminist literary theory but also must return to the social reality and cultural reality of China. Based on social media data mining, this study uses the Word2vec model to map the text content to a more abstract word vector space, improves the original Text Rank algorithm from three aspects, semantic association between words, word frequency, and word directionality, then carries out feature extraction, and applies this algorithm to the generation of user tags. The feasibility and superiority of the model are verified by comparative experiments on LFR benchmark network. The research in this study provides a reference for the analysis of users' interests and behaviors and has certain theoretical significance and application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to inspire international human resource management (IHRM) scholarship that incorporates postcolonial feminist theory, using the under-researched topic of paternalistic leadership and gender to illustrate the opportunities and challenges such an endeavour can present. Paternalistic leadership is an important and widely used indigenous framework for examining leadership in Chinese contexts, while postcolonial feminism holds the capacity to problematise the representation of non-western women in feminist theory as a universal, transhistorical category. As this article demonstrates, postcolonial feminist theory centralises cultural difference in theorising gender, strives toward shattering binaries reproduced by colonialism and imperialism (West/East, Western/Third World Woman) and generates indigenous, localised knowledge on non-western women. Three sites of enquiry are discussed: 1) Chinese feminisms and genders; 2) Chinese cultures and gender norms; 3) Voice, agency and the subaltern woman. This article provides research propositions for IHRM scholars to translate postcolonial femininst theory into research on paternalistic leadership and gender. Concluding, the article outlines implications for practice and sifts the discussion for the future avenues of research it signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phallogocentrism as cultural abuse of sex is a difficult issue that has been addressed by many modern Western feminist philosophers. By comparing their insights with those deriving from Chinese Confucianism and Daoism, I propose the concept of “affectionate respect” as an intellectual counterbalance to phallogocentrism. In this essay, I have discussed certain arbitrary fallacies based on masculine predominance and spotlighted the merits of being female in balancing emotion and reason, justice and fairness, and institutionally-biased powers and the human rights of innate dignity. To achieve gender justice and equality before God and under Heaven must be logically and morally extended to law and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines contemporary Chinese feminism’s processes of “connecting with the international tracks” as well asbentuhua(indigenisation), arguing that these processes are inseparable from both domestic and international power relations and thus asserting the need for a critical perspective onbentuhua. An “institutional-discursive” focus on both political and cultural contexts reveals that the usage ofbentuhuacan be literally and metaphorically spatial in quality, as well as regarded as a resource that is part of the grammar of social transformation in China. Neoliberal globalisation promotes a “project”-oriented approach to feminist activism that has benefits and costs. Transnationalism can be a source of resistance to the continued authoritarian party-state, as well as to homogenising effects of nationalist tendencies. Thus, from a theoretical standpoint it is useful to comprehend contemporary Chinese feminist thought from the understanding that the local and the global are inextricably interconnected. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recent feminist debate about how to achieve the substantive representation of women in government has been conducted largely in relation to national parliaments in democratic states. This article brings a new perspective by examining grassroots rural government in contemporary China – an authoritarian state, which, however, began implementing village “self-government,” including elections, in 1987. The article draws on qualitative fieldwork in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang and Yunnan. The authors went into this fieldwork with an understanding that women's substantive representation, democracy, and gender equality are mutually constituted and with an expectation that village self-government might make a much-needed contribution to the achievement of all three. However, we ran into trouble with this analytical framework. First, there were marked variations in villagers’ practices and understandings of “representation.” Second, we found that democracy was not a prerequisite for substantive representation. Third, most villagers we talked with claimed that “men and women are equal” and there was little conception of villagers’ interests diverging by gender. This article explores our analytical “trouble,” with a view to advancing scholarship on constraints to democracy in authoritarian states and suggesting fruitful directions for feminist theorists interested in the relationship between gender, representation and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Western theory and methodology for the study of women's history developed from the initial idea of "adding to history" to the use of gender as a key analytical tool, giving rise to the concept of recognizing differentiated and pluralistic identities. Advancing the theory of and localizing the study of women's history in China will require carefully summarizing prior experience, appropriately introducing Western concepts and categories, and then, based on the actual characteristics of women's specific experiences and of gender relations in China, determining our own theoretical concepts, categories, and methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the study of women's history in mainland China has seen an unprecedented boom. Some scholars in China have been inspired by feminist thought, while also applying new social history methods to the study of women's history, displaying characteristics that are different from the study of women's history in the West. The author uses the concept of a "new women's history" to refer to the study of women's history in China today and, using data analysis, critiques the previous ten-plus years of theory and practice in women's history studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study of three women organizers in Hong Kong reveals their clear positions in the web of identities comprising social workers, community workers, workers working with women, and feminist organizers. There is no common identity among them and they may or may not see the relevance of a feminist analysis to their work. The resistance to a feminist identity is explained in the perceived style of feminists, the focus of the women's movement and also the essentialist nature of the concept of ‘women’. The resistance to the social work identity is explained in their perceived characteristics of social work practiced in the local context. Community organizing for structural change is increasingly being viewed as in conflict with social work. While diversity is definitely appreciated, that social work, community practice, and feminist perspectives are intriguingly connected to a mission that address various forms of oppression has to be recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]