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Due to 'pressures' to publish research papers, a group of novice researchers (n = 9) was encouraged to attend a 'Write right' workshop. The participants were asked to fill out a self-report anxiety questionnaire to understand their worries in writing research papers in English. Afterwards, they were asked to write an essay on situations that provoke their anxiety when writing research papers. Descriptive analysis of the survey questionnaire revealed their worries on the process of research paper writing and evaluation. Additionally, responses of the participants in the open-ended question included their worries on the following situations: grammar usage (n = 6), appropriateness of word use (n = 4), weak English writing skills (n = 3), negative perception of the readers, writing arguments, writing the discussion, difficulty of the research topic, lack of research background, unsure of methods in writing 'arts' research, unsure if its research, difficulty of finding the topic, data analysis, writing a sentence, and designing the paper. Such worries were thematized into technical writing-related worries, research writing-related worries, research knowledge-related worries, and negative perception. Further, error analysis, which was used to explore their written outputs, showed grammatical, lexical and syntactic errors. Data triangulation confirmed that their writing apprehensions are due to lack of writing skill and lack of confidence in writing research papers. The responses of the participants were used to redesign the workshop as series of group and individualized sessions to respond to their needs. Some resources on technical and research writing, research methods and publishing papers are also recommended. [This paper was published in: "International and National Conference on Learning Innovation in Science and Technology" (ICLIST & NCLIST 2018). p171-180.]

The 23rd EUROCALL conference was held in Cyprus from the 24th to the 27th of August 2016. The theme of the conference this year was "CALL Communities and Culture." It offered a unique opportunity to hear from real-world CALL practitioners on how they practice CALL in their communities, and how the CALL culture has developed in local and global contexts. Short papers from the conference are presented in this volume: (1) The impact of EFL teachers' mediation in wiki-mediated collaborative writing activities on student-student collaboration (Maha Alghasab); (2) Towards the development of a comprehensive pedagogical framework for pronunciation training based on adaptive automatic speech recognition systems (Saandia Ali); (3) Digital literacy and sustainability--a field study in EFL teacher development (Christopher Allen and Jan Berggren); (4) Self-evaluation using iPads in EFL teaching practice (Christopher Allen, Stella K. Hadjistassou, and David Richardson); (5) Amateur online interculturalism in foreign language education (Antonie Alm); (6) Teaching Turkish in low tech contexts: opportunities and challenges (Katerina Antoniou, Evelyn Mbah, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (7) Learning Icelandic language and culture in virtual Reykjavic: starting to talk (Branislav Bédi, Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson, Hafdís Erla Helgadóttir, Stefán Ólafsson, and Elías Björgvinsson); (8) Investigating student choices in performing higher-level comprehension tasks using TED (Francesca Bianchi and Ivana Marenzi); (9) An evaluation of text-to-speech synthesizers in the foreign language classroom: learners' perceptions (Tiago Bione, Jennica Grimshaw, and Walcir Cardoso); (10) Quantifying CALL: significance, effect size and variation (Alex Boulton; (11) The contribution of CALL to advanced-level foreign/second language instruction (Jack Burston and Kelly Arispe); (12) Using instructional technology to integrate CEFR "can do" performance objectives into an advanced-level language course (Jack Burston, Androulla Athanasiou, and Maro Neophytou-Yiokari); (13) Exploiting behaviorist and communicative action-based methodologies in CALL applications for the teaching of pronunciation in French as a foreign language (Jack Burston, Olga Georgiadou, and Monique Monville-Burston); (14) Mobile assisted language learning of less commonly taught languages: learning in an incidental and situated way through an app (Cristiana Cervini, Olga Solovova, Annukka Jakkula, and Karolina Ruta); (15) Using object-based activities and an online inquiry platform to support learners' engagement with their heritage language and culture (Koula Charitonos, Marina Charalampidi, and Eileen Scanlon); (16) Urban explorations for language learning: a gamified approach to teaching Italian in a university context (Koula Charitonos, Luca Morini, Sylvester Arnab, Tiziana Cervi-Wilson, and Billy Brick); (17) Communicate to learn, learn to communicate: a study of engineering students' communication strategies in a mobile-based learning environment (Li Cheng and Zhihong Lu); (18) Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning (Sung-Kwon Choi, Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (19) Students' attitudes and motivation towards technology in a Turkish language classroom (Pelekani Chryso); (20) Vlogging: a new channel for language learning and intercultural exchanges (Christelle Combe and Tatiana Codreanu); (21) Japanese university students' self-assessment and digital literacy test results (Travis Cote and Brett Milliner); (22) Digital story (re)telling using graded readers and smartphones (Kazumichi Enokida); (23) HR4EU--a web portal for e-learning of Croatian (Matea Filko, Daša Farkaš, and Diana Hriberski); (24) Synchronous tandem language learning in a MOOC context: a study on task design and learner performance (Marta Fondo Garcia and Christine Appel); (25) What students think and what they actually do in a mobile assisted language learning context: new insights for self-directed language learning in higher education (Gustavo Garcia Botero and Frederik Questier); (26) An Audio-Lexicon Spanish-Nahuatl: using technology to promote and disseminate a native Mexican language (Rafael García-Mencía, Aurelio López-López, and Angélica Muñoz Meléndez; (27) The use of interactive whiteboards: enhancing the nature of teaching young language learners (Christina Nicole Giannikas); (28) A pre-mobility eTandem project for incoming international students at the University of Padua (Lisa Griggio and Edit Rózsavölgyi); (29) Can a "shouting" digital game help learners develop oral fluency in a second language? (Jennica Grimshaw, Walcir Cardoso, and David Waddington); (30) Feedback visualization in a grammar-based e-learning system for German: a preliminary user evaluation with the COMPASS system (Karin Harbusch and Annette Hausdörfer); (31) The multimodality of lexical explanation sequences during videoconferenced pedagogical interaction (Benjamin Holt); (32) Automatic dialogue scoring for a second language learning system (Jin-Xia Huang, Kyung-Soon Lee, Oh-Woog Kwon, and Young-Kil Kim); (33) Effects of task-based videoconferencing on speaking performance and overall proficiency (Atsushi Iino, Yukiko Yabuta, and Yoichi Nakamura); (34) Tellecollaborative games for youngsters: impact on motivation (Kristi Jauregi); (35) The Exercise: an Exercise generator tool for the SOURCe project (Kryni Kakoyianni-Doa, Eleni Tziafa, and Athanasios Naskos); (36) Students' perceptions of online apprenticeship projects at a university (Hisayo Kikuchi); (37) The effects of multimodality through storytelling using various movie clips (SoHee Kim); (38) Collaboration through blogging: the development of writing and speaking skills in ESP courses (Angela Kleanthous and Walcir Cardoso); (39) Cultivating a community of learners in a distance learning postgraduate course for language professionals (Angelos Konstantinidis and Cecilia Goria); (40) Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning (Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (41) Promoting multilingual communicative competence through multimodal academic learning situations (Anna Kyppö and Teija Natri); (42) Teacher professional learning: developing with the aid of technology (Marianna Kyprianou and Eleni Nikiforou); (43) Quizlet: what the students think--a qualitative data analysis (Bruce Lander); (44) "Just facebook me": a study on the integration of Facebook into a German language curriculum (Vera Leier and Una Cunningham); (45) A survey on Chinese students' online English language learning experience through synchronous web conferencing classrooms (Chenxi Li); (46) Identifying and activating receptive vocabulary by an online vocabulary survey and an online writing task (Ivy Chuhui Lin and Goh Kawai); (47) Exploring learners' perceptions of the use of digital letter games for language learning: the case of Magic Word (Mathieu Loiseau, Cristiana Cervini, Andrea Ceccherelli, Monica Masperi, Paola Salomoni, Marco Roccetti, Antonella Valva, and Francesca Bianco); (48) Game of Words: prototype of a digital game focusing on oral production (and comprehension) through asynchronous interaction (Mathieu Loiseau, Racha Hallal, Pauline Ballot, and Ada Gazidedja); (49) PETALL in action: latest developments and future directions of the EU-funded Pan-European Task Activities for Language Learning (António Lopes); (50) Exploring EFL learners' lexical application in AWE-based writing (Zhihong Lu and Zhenxiao Li); (51) Mobile-assisted language learning and language learner autonomy (Paul A. Lyddon); (52) YELL/TELL: online community platform for teacher professional development (Ivana Marenzi, Maria Bortoluzzi, and Rishita Kalyani); (53) Leveraging automatic speech recognition errors to detect challenging speech segments in TED talks (Maryam Sadat Mirzaei, Kourosh Meshgi, and Tatsuya Kawahara); (54) Investigating the affective learning in a 3D virtual learning environment: the case study of the Chatterdale mystery (Judith Molka-Danielsen, Stella Hadjistassou, and Gerhilde Messl-Egghart); (55) Are commercial "personal robots" ready for language learning? Focus on second language speech (Souheila Moussalli and Walcir Cardoso); (56) The Digichaint interactive game as a virtual learning environment for Irish (Neasa Ni Chiaráin and Ailbhe Ní Chasaide); (57) Mingling students' cognitive abilities and learning strategies to transform CALL (Efi Nisiforou and Antigoni Parmaxi); (58) Taking English outside of the classroom through social networking: reflections on a two-year project (Louise Ohashi); (59) Does the usage of an online EFL workbook conform to Benford's law? (Mikolaj Olszewski, Kacper Lodzikowski, Jan Zwolinski, Rasil Warnakulasooriya, and Adam Black); (60) Implications on pedagogy as a result of adopted CALL practices (James W. Pagel and Stephen G. Lambacher); (61) Exploring the benefits and disadvantages of introducing synchronous to asynchronous online technologies to facilitate flexibility in learning (Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous and Fernando Loizides); (62) A CALL for evolving teacher education through 3D microteaching (Giouli Pappa and Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous); (63) Physicality and language learning (Jaeuk Park, Paul Seedhouse, Rob Comber, and Jieun Kiaer); (64) Designing strategies for an efficient language MOOC (Maria Perifanou); (65) Worldwide state of language MOOCs (Maria Perifanou); (66) A Spanish-Finnish telecollaboration: extending intercultural competence via videoconferencing (Pasi Puranen and Ruby Vurdien); (67) Developing oral interaction skills with a digital information gap activity game (Avery Rueb, Walcir Cardoso, and Jennica Grimshaw); (68) Using WebQuests as idea banks for fostering autonomy in online language courses (Shirin Sadaghian and S. Susan Marandi); (69) Integrating mobile technologies into very young second language learners' curriculum (Gulnara Sadykova, Gulnara Gimaletdinova, Liliia Khalitova, and Albina Kayumova); (70) Investigating commercially available technology for language learners in higher education within the high functioning disability spectrum (Georgia Savvidou and Fernando Loizides); (71) Learning languages in 3D worlds with Machinima (Christel Schneider); (72) What are more effective in English classrooms: textbooks or podcasts? (Jaime Selwood, Joe Lauer, and Kazumichi Enokida); (73) Mind the gap: task design and technology in novice language teachers' practice (Tom F. H. Smits, Margret Oberhofer, and Jozef Colpaert); (74) Language immersion in the self-study mode e-course (Olga Sobolev); (75) Aligning out-of-class material with curriculum: tagging grammar in a mobile music application (Ross Sundberg and Walcir Cardoso); (76) Meeting the technology standards for language teachers (Cornelia Tschichold); (77) Mobile-assisted language learning community and culture in French-speaking Belgium: the teachers' perspective (Julie Van de Vyver); (78) Classification of Swedish learner essays by CEFR levels (Elena Volodina, Ildikó Pilán, and David Alfter); (79) Mobile assisted language learning and mnemonic mapping--the loci method revisited (Ikumi Waragai, Marco Raindl, Tatsuya Ohta, and Kosuke Miyasaka); (80) CALL and less commonly taught languages--still a way to go (Monica Ward); (81) Demystifying pronunciation with animation (Monica Ward); (82) The effects of utilizing corpus resources to correct collocation errors in L2 writing--Students' performance, corpus use and perceptions (Yi-ju Wu); (83) A social constructionist approach to teaching and learning vocabulary for Italian for academic purposes (Eftychia Xerou, Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (84) Flip-J: development of the system for flipped jigsaw supported language learning (Masanori Yamada, Yoshiko Goda, Kojiro Hata, Hideya Matsukawa, and Seisuke Yasunami); and (85) "Check your Smile", prototype of a collaborative LSP website for technical vocabulary (Nadia Yassine-Diab, Charlotte Alazard-Guiu, Mathieu Loiseau, Laurent Sorin, and Charlotte Orliac). An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.)

The 23rd Annual Graduate Student Conference of the College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature (LLL) at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa was held on Saturday, April 20th, 2019. As in past years, this conference offered the students in the six departments across the college, East Asian Languages and Literatures, English, Indo-Pacific Languages and Literatures, Languages and Literatures of Europe and the Americas, Linguistics, and Second Language Studies, the opportunity to come together and build a stronger community across the college by sharing their work with one another. This annual conference provides an opportunity for students to become socialized into academic practices, such as presenting at a conference and producing a paper for publication in these proceedings. It also allows students to take on various roles in the academic community, as the conference chairs, proceedings editors, coordinators, and volunteers for the conference are graduate students predominantly. As the twenty-third iteration of this conference, it was the perfect opportunity to celebrate all the outstanding achievements of LLL graduate students. This year's conference theme, "Storytelling: The Art of Translation" well attests to the importance of all the creative and intellectual work done and the stories told through languages, literature, media, and more in the college. [Cover title varies: "Storytelling: The Art of Translation. 2019 Proceedings. 23rd Annual Graduate Student Conference, College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature." For the 2018 proceedings, see ED598972.]

The 2015 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL) was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota together with the Minnesota Council on the Teaching of Languages and Cultures, who served as local host. This year's theme underscores the transformative nature of learning a foreign language. As language teachers we have a great responsibility to provide our students with opportunities to learn and explore languages and cultures in ways that foster intercultural communicative competence. The 2015 conference highlighted strategies, practices, and approaches that world language educators can use to help students develop the attitudes, skills, and knowledge necessary to interact with others in our global community. The CSCTFL 2015 conference featured 35 workshops and more than 200 sessions. Nine of the 16 Central States were represented by "Best of" sessions. 21 sessions from the 2014 conference were presented again at the 2015 conference as "All-Stars." The session and workshop topics represented at the 2015 conference included technology in the classroom, intercultural competence, assessment, advocacy, best practices, and the use of literature, art, and music in language classes. The authors whose articles are included in the 2015 CSCTFL "Report" addressed the 2015 conference theme, "Learn Languages Explore Cultures Transform Lives" by focusing on those elements that transform foreign language teaching and learning. The articles provide the reader with innovative ideas and approaches for world language instruction that will assist teachers in transforming their classrooms to meet the needs of the 21st century learners.

This year's volume of the Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL) Report centering on the conference theme of MultiTasks, MultiSkills, and MultiConnections focused on the importance or world language use within the classroom and beyond with articles extending the conversation on target language use in instruction, on 21st century skills and accompanying Web 2.0 technologies that faculty and students can access and use to connect to the larger world, and applications of standards based instruction at K-16 levels of instruction. The profession's K-16 "Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century" are well represented in this year's volume as all articles connect in some manner with one or more of the 5Cs in meaningful ways, demonstrating how the profession has embraced the national conversation on what "students should know and be able to do in a second or multiple language". The collection of articles in the MultiTasks section, share the theme of instructor target language (TL) use with recent attention placed on the role of the target language in instructed situations. In the MultiSkills section of this publication, readers will find a focus on the Partnership for 21st Century skills and technology integration in three articles. Articles in MultiConnections integrate various aspects of language learning usage for various purposes including connections to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), to service learning for collegiate intermediate Spanish students not necessarily pursuing a major or minor in the language, and to innovations for providing more literature exposure into language learning. "Innovative Approaches to teaching Literature in the World language classroom," examines the need to provide and support literary texts in language instruction by bridging the gap between developing language proficiency for interpersonal communication and developing literary understanding of authentic literary texts.

This year's conference theme, "Be Seen, Be Heard," reflected not only our goal of celebrating our achievements but also represented our intent of making sure everyone's voices are heard, especially during 2017's difficult political climate. The conference opened with a motivating address from Dean Laura E. Lyons, followed by an inspirational keynote by Jamaica Heolimeleikalani Osorio, a PhD candidate in English at UH Manoa, widely published poet and professional performer. A special addition to this year's program were talks delivered by five featured speakers: Dr. Christina Bacchilega, Dr. Mary Shin Kim, PhD candidate Victoria Chen, PhD candidate Gavin Lamb and PhD candidate Michael Pak. Throughout the day, there were 36 graduate student presentations. Contents of these proceedings include: (1) What Can We Say about the Languages of Ancient Europe? (A. Douglas Callender); (2) An Evolving Mainstream: A Linguistic Landscapes Analysis of Migration in Cary, NC (Lucas John Edmond); (3) Reduplication in Oroha: The Multifaceted Process and its Effects within the Language's Grammar (Darren Flavelle); (4) Novel Morphophonological Derivational Patterns in Korean Onomatopoeic and Mimetic Neologisms (Bonnie Fox); (5) 'Give' in Sasak: Voice and Alignment in Ditransitive Constructions (Ryan E. Henke); (6) The Possibilities of Detaching '-E Hata' from Korean Psych Adjectives (Dianne Juhn); (7) Conversation Between Sasak Speakers in Cultural Context (Khairunnisa); (8) "Good Job!" Language Focus and Instruction in a Research Interview (Yu-Han Lin); (9) An Exploration Of Tonogenesis In Oceania (Leah Pappas); (10) From TBLT to PBLL: An Ecological Perspective (Huy V. Phùng); (11) Examining Effects of Revitalization on Pronunciation of Southern Tutchone Ejectives (Ashleigh Smith); (12) Intransitive Sentences with Floating Quantifiers in Child Japanese (Maho Takahashi); (13) Stance And Engagement Features in Academic Writing in Korean: A Corpus-Based Comparison (Lee Seunghye Yu); and (14) An Ecological Approach to an Online Second Language Writing Course (Lin Zhou). Individual papers contain references. [For the 2016 proceedings, see ED586378.]

The 2011 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, a joint conference with the Indiana Foreign Language Teachers Association, focused on trends, innovations, and national programs that are picking up steam as the first decade of the twenty-first century ends. Several innovations have the potential to unify world language goals with universal educational goals. The Partnership for 21st Century Skills, newly organized pathways in Career and Technical Education, and the adoption of national Common Core standards are just a few such initiatives that are building steam. At the 2011 conference, more than 165 workshop and session presenters brought information and expertise from across 17 states and across the nation to enlighten conference attendees. Trends and innovations on the themes of assessments, activities and strategies, technology, and the teaching of culture were especially well represented. This volume examines the ways of approaching language instruction with the new generation of students in mind and creating more learning opportunities to promote the acquisition of the twenty-first century knowledge and skills.

The 2008 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages focused on learning about the diverse backgrounds and needs of today's students. The 2009 Conference continued that focus and added diversity by instructors in using a variety of teaching methods, strategies, themes, technologies, and assessments. Presenters from all 17 states that make up the Central States Conference offered a diverse program, including "Best of…" sessions selected by their respective states. "All-Star" 2008 sessions chosen by the Central States Conference Board were invited to share their expertise again with 2009 conference attendees. There were workshops and sessions for language professionals at all levels and languages. This year's volume offers a varied set of articles representing some of the best practices and innovations in language teaching and learning. Topics range from technology to travel, and should offer something of interest to all members of the readership.

The theme for the 2005 Central States Conference, "Year of Languages," and the title of this volume, "The Year of Languages: Challenges, Changes, and Choices," reinforce the commitment and passion that language educators demonstrate in their profession. Whether teaching in a small rural school or developing innovative programs in university settings, educators in the Central States are meeting challenges and instigating changes with creativity and enthusiasm. This volume celebrates those efforts. The 25 papers herein are organized around five key themes: (1) Year of Languages; (2) Challenges in PK-20 World Language Education; (3) Changes in Curriculum, Assessment, and Instruction; (4) Choices to Create Real-World Learning; and (5) Celebrations of Language Learning.

This collection of conference papers includes: (1) "Theories, Evidence, and Practice in Foreign Language Teaching" (Richard Schmidt); (2) "Teaching Korean Grammar in Context: -myen and -ttay" (Sahie Kang); (3) "Teaching Politeness Routines in Korean" (Ho-min Sohn); (4) "Vocabulary-Building Activities" (Boyang Park); (5) "Implementation and Evaluation of a Task-Based Approach to the Teaching of the Korean Language" (Youngkyu Kim, Dong-Kwan Kong, Jin-Hwa Lee, and Young-Geun Lee); (6) "Effects of Task Complexity on L2 Production" (Young-Geun Lee); (7) "Recognition and Retention of English Loanwords by Learners of Korean" (InJung Cho); (8) "The Number Concept of Korean People" (Sunny Jung); (9) "The Film, the Poem and the Story: Integrating Literature into the Language Curriculum" (Ann Y. Choi); (10) "Exploring the Possibilities of WBLT for Operational Testing Purposes: Web-Based Korean as a Foreign Language Testing" (Siwon Park); (11) "Increasing Korean Oral Fluency Using an Electronic Bulletin Board and Wimba-Based Voiced Chat" (Sunah Cho and Stephen Carey); (12) "Interactive Online Exercises: Retention of Non-Heritage Learners in a Mixed Class" (Hye-Won Choi and Sunghee Koh); (13) "Using HyperStudio for Teaching Korean" (Eun-Hee Koo); (14) "Developing a Business Korean Course Based on a Systematic Approach" (Andrew Byon); (15) "Two New Publications for Intermediate Level Korean" (Kyungnyun Kim Richards); (16) "Language Shift in Bilingual Students: A Sociolinguistic Survey of Korean-American College Students" (Steven K. Lee and Ruth Ahn); (17) "Recent Trends in Foreign Language Teaching in the United States: The Role of Heritage Learners" (Dong Jae Lee); (18) "Korean Language Education in New York City Public Schools" (Bongsoon Yow); (19) "An Analysis of Errors in Speaking Practice" (Sang-Il Lee); (20) "An Error Analysis in Relation to Typological Differences" (Boyang Park); (21) "Issues of Heritage Learners in Korean Language Classes" (Hi-Sun Helen Kim); (22) "Heritage vs. Non-Heritage Issues Revisited" (Clare You); (23) "The Degree of L1 Interference among Heritage and Non-Heritage Learners of Korean: Do Heritage Learners Have Advantages over Non-Heritage Learners?" (Jung-Tae Kim); (24) "English-Speaking Students' Written Language Development in Korean in a Korean/English Two-Way Immersion Program" (Joung Hoon Ha); (25) "Cross-Cultural Variations in Personal Essays: Second Language Writing by American Learners of Korean as Compared to Native Koreans' Writing" (Ooyoung Che Pyun); (26) "Reflective Journal Writing in the Korean II Class" (Hye Young Chung); and (27) "Socio-Pragmatic Functions of the Interactive Sentence Ender -ney from the Politeness Perspective" (Soo-ah Kim Yuen). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

The title, "Making Connections: From the Classroom to the World Beyond", underscores one of the basic principles of language teaching echoed in the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) "Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century". Teachers are constantly making connections in their language classes: to their students, to the curriculum, to other cultures, to teaching practices, to other disciplines, and to the global community. These connections are based on an infrastructure of language teaching and learning that involves research, theory, classroom practice, activities, and events. Over the past fifty years the profession has undergone enormous changes brought about by new research in second language acquisition as well as new directions in language teaching and learning. Once isolated from other disciplines, world languages now reaches out to them and incorporates them into the curriculum and into daily classroom activities. Furthermore, e-mail and the internet have added vast new dimensions to language teaching repertoire, enabling teachers to reach out to the global community in ways they were unable to previously. The articles are divided in sections that reflect and elaborate on the concept of making connections: (1) Making Connections to Program; (2) Making Connections to Research; (3) Making Connections to the Classroom; and (4) Making Connections to the Classroom and Beyond.

This issue includes the following articles: "Towards a Sociolinguistics of Style" (Alan Bell, Gary Johnson); "Engendering Identities: Pronoun Selection as an Indicator of Salient Intergroup Identities" (Miriam Meyerhoff); "A Majority Sound Change in a Minority Community" (Carmen Fought); "Addressing the Actuation Question for Local Linguistic Communities" (Lisa Ann Lane); "Typologizing the Sociolinguistic Speech Community" (Otto Santa Ana and Claudia Parodi); "Symbolic Identity and Language Change: A Comparative Analysis of Post-Insular /ay/ and /aw/" (Natalie Schilling-Estes, Walt Wolfram); "The Geolinguistics of Sound Change in Progress: /l/ Vocalization in Australia" (Barbara M. Horvath, Ronald J. Horvath); "Urban Sound Change beyond the Cities: The Spread of the Northern Cities Chain Shift" (Matthew J. Gordon); "Dialect Contact, Focusing and Phonological Rule Complexity: The Koineisation of Fenland English" (David Britain); "Sociolinguistic Coherence of Changes in Standard Dialect" (J. K. Chambers); "Adaptive Sociophonetic Strategies and Dialect Accommodation: /ay/ Monophthongization in Cherokee English" (Bridget L. Anderson); "Phonetic Realization of Final Engma in Taipei Mandarin" (Fu-Dong Chiou); "Frequency Effects in Variable Lexical Phonology" (James Meyers, Gregory R. Guy); "Variation in the Nativization of Foreign [a] in English" (Charles Boberg); "Rule Inversion in British English Dialect: A Sociolinguistic Investigation of [r]-sandhi in Newcastle upon Tyne" (Paul Foulkes); "Optimality and the Syntax of Lectal Variation" (Rakesh M. Bhatt); "The Truth about Codeswitching in Insular Acadian" (Ruth King, Terry Nadasdi); "Empirical Analysis of Anti-Immigrant Metaphor in Political Discourse" (Otto Santa Ana); "Is There an Authentic African American Speech Community: Carla Revisited" (Lanita Jacobs-Huey); "Yorkville Crossing: A Case Study of the Influence of Hip-Hop Culture on the Speech of a White Middle Class Adolescent in New York City" (Cecilia A. Cutler); and "Modeling Contact-Induced Language Change" (Naomi Nagy). Tables, figures, charts, graphs, and references are included in individual articles. (KFT)

This issue includes the following articles: "Assimilation to the Unmarked" (Eric Bakovic); "On the Non-Universality of Functional Projections and the Effects on Parametrized Variation: Evidence from Creoles" (Marlyse Baptista); "What Turkish Acquisition Tells Us about Underlying Word Order and Scrambling" (Natalie Batman-Ratyosyan, Karin Stromswold); "Constituting Context: Null Objects in English Recipes Revisited" (Emily Bender); "Decomposing French Questions" (Cedric Boeckx); "A Conspiracy Argument for Optimality Theory: Emakhuwa Dialectology" (Farida Cassimjee, Charles W, Kisseberth); "Light-Headed Relatives" (Barbara Citko); "Semantically Charged Syntax and the Construction of Meaning" (Kristin M. Eide and Tor A. Afarli); "'Punctuality' and Verb Semantics" (Stefan Engelberg);"Acquisition of Default Inflectional Suffixes: Japanese Adjectives" (Miho Fujiwara); "Possessor Extraction in Child English: A Minimalist Account" (Elena Gavruseva, Rosalind Thornton); "The Long Distance Anaphora Conspiracy: The Case of Korean" (Kook-Hee Gill); "Topic, Focus, and the Grammar-Pragmatics Interface" (Jeanette K. Gundel); "Two Ways of Describing Distributive Readings" (J.R. Hayashishita); "The Reduplicative Nature of the Bulgarian Definite Article" (Ben Hermans); "The Origin of the Pre-Ossetic Oblique Case Suffix and Its Implications" (Ronald Kim); "A Hierarchy of Phonetic Constraints on Palatality in Russian" (Alexei Kochetov); "Japanese Floating Classifiers" (William McClure); "A-Scrambling Exists!" (Martha McGinnis); "Perception and Production of American English Tense and Lax Vowels by Japanese Speakers" (Michelle Minnick Fox, Kazuaki Maeda); "The Syntax of Adjunct Wh-NPs" (Masao Ochi, Tien-Hsin Hsin); "Reflexives and Constraints on the Borrowing of Discourse Function: Creoles and Tahitian French" (Kieran Snyder); and "Two Types of Verb Particle Constructions" (Mikael Vinka). References are appended to each article. (KFT)

Research by the staff and advanced students of the North Dakota Summer Institute of Linguistics is presented. In "Verb Agreement and Case Marking in Burushaski" (Stephen R. Willson), an overview of Burushaski morphology and syntax is presented, with special attention to verb agreement and case marking. "A Backwards Binding Construction in Zapotec" (Cheryl A. Black) looks at a construction in which a null subject is coreferential with the possessor of the direct object. An analysis of the Greek noun phrase within the X-bar theory of phrase structure is offered in "On Generating the Greek Noun Phrase" (Cheryl A. Black, Stephen A. Marlett). In Meigu County Yi Tone" (Andy Eatough), tone data from a never before documented Chinese dialect are presented. "A Search for Inflectional Priming Reveals an Effect of Discourse Type on the Lexical Access of Inflected Verbs" (Greg Thomson, Bushra Adnan Zawaydeh) reports the test of a hypothesis about the organization of the mental lexicon. (MSE)

This issue includes the following articles: "A Multi-Modal Analysis of Anaphora and Ellipsis" (Gerhard Jager); "Amount Quantification, Referentiality, and Long Wh-Movement" (Anthony Kroch); "Valency in Kannada: Evidence for Interpretive Morphology" (Jeffrey Lidz); "Vietnamese 'Morphology' and the Definition of Word" (Rolf Noyer); "The Conflict between Future Tense and Modality: The Case of 'Will' in English" (Anoop Sarkar); and "Predemonstrative Modifiers in Mandarin" (Alexander Williams). References are appended to each article. (KFT)

This issue includes the following articles: "Detaching Discourse Functions from Functional Projections" (Dora Alexopoulou); "Interface Conditions on Child Language: A Crosslinguistic Look at Genitives" (Sharon Armon-Lotem, Stephen Crain); "Formal Features and Movement at PF" (Ralph C. Blight); "Semantic Features of Determiners: Toward an Account for Complements of D" (Jocelyn Cohan); "Discourse Deixis and Anaphora Resolution in German" (Miriam Eckert); "The Syntax of IPP-Constructions and the Structure of the Lower Middlefield in Westgermanic" (Roland Hinterholzl); "Pre-Boundary Lengthening: Universal or Language Specific? The Case of Hungarian" (Beth Ann Hockey, Zsuzsanna Fagyal); "Some Reconstruction Riddles" (Howard Lasnik); "The Life and Death of Derivational Morphology: Reduplication in Oroqen (Fengxiang Li, Lindsay J. Whaley); "Chains and Phono-Logical Form" (Jeffrey Lidz, William J. Idsardi); "Deixis and Interactional Construction of Context" (Simona Pekarek); "Complex Small Clauses" (Joan Rafel); "Sloppy Definites (Ann M. Reed); "An Event Syntactic Account of Delimitation in Mandarin" (Chuanchih Wang); and "Restructuring Control" (Susi Wurmbrand). References are appended to each article. (KFT)

This issue contains the following articles: "Was Mir Wisse: A Review of the Literature on the Languages of the Pennsylvania Germans" (David Bowie); "Tigrinya Root Consonants and the OCP" (Eugene Buckley); "Duration of Onset Consonants in Gay Male Stereotyped Speech" (Sean Crist); "PRO, the EPP and Nominative Case: Evidence from Irish Infinitivals" (Heidi Harley, Andrew Carnie); "Palatalization and Umlaut in Korean" (Soonhyun Hong); "Exceptional Case Marking in the Xtag System" (Seth Kulick); "Functional and Pair-List Embedded Questions" (Yael Sharvit); and "The Perfect, Contingency, and Temporal Subordination" (Beverly Spejewski). (KFT)

This issue contains the following articles: "The Pragmatics of Wh-Question Intonation in English" (Christine Bartels); "The Nature of Object Agreement in Hungarian" (Huba Bartos); "Voah Mei Daett Sei Deitsh: Developments in the Vowel System of Pennsylvania German" (David Bowie); "Event Time Properties" (Gerhard Brugger); "Polarity in Spanish, French, and English" (Dee Cain, Renee J. O'Brien); "Chanting Intonation in French" (Zsuzsanna Fagyal); "Sui Generis Genericity" (Hana Filip, Greg Carlson); "South Slavic Clitic Placement Is Still Syntactic" (Steven Franks); "Permission Sentences in Dynamic Semantics" (Javier Gutierrez-Rexach); "Do I Sound 'Asian' to You? Linguistic Markers of Asian American Identity" (David B. Hanna); "Subcategorization Semantics and the Naturalness of Verb-Frame Pairings" (Edward Kako); "Extraction, Gradedness, and Optimality" (Frank Keller); "A Non-Scalar Account of Apparent Gradience: Evidence from Yo and Ne" (Yuriko Suzuki Kose); "No Escape from Syntax: Don't Try Morphological Analysis in the Privacy of Your Own Lexicon" (Alec Marantz); "What Does the Copula Do?" (Kunio Nishiyama); "Disyllabic Requirement in Swahili Morphology" (Jae-Ick Park); "Aspectual Shifting in the Perfect and Progressive" (Laura Wagner); "A Model-Theoretic Approach to A-Not-A Questions" (Jianxin Wu); and "Against Overt Particle Incorporation" (Jochen Zeller). Diagrams, tables, and references appear throughout the articles. (KFT)