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Abstract: Hydrodynamics experiments with respect to supercritical and subcritical fluids were conducted in a laboratory-scale trickle bed reactor filled with relatively small particles of 0.67–1.32mm in diameter. Residence time distribution was measured with tracer injection, and the results indicated that the supercritical fluids (SCF) have non-liquid-like features. From the pressure drop fluctuations, the pulsing flow was observed with the increase of the supercritical fluid mass flux; clearly, it shows that SCFs possess liquid-like property. Based on the empirical relationship proposed by Al-Naimi et al. (2011), the experimental data for subcritical fluids could be well correlated, which results in a new correlation in the predication of the pressure drop for fluids at subcritical conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The radial profiles of axial liquid velocity and gas hold-ups are investigated in the riser of a pilot plant scale external loop airlift reactor (ELAR) using a modified Pavlov tube and differential pressure technique. The experimental investigation reveals that there exist two different kinds of liquid circulation structures in an ELAR, which has rarely been reported in the literature, namely internal liquid circulation, which exists only in the riser and external liquid circulation, which circulates through the downcomer. A power-law relationship is used to correlate the gas hold-up and superficial gas velocity, which gives good agreement with experimental data. Experiments for axial liquid velocity profiles are analysed in analogy to a model described for a conventional bubble column. The results predicted by the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data obtained under various operating conditions. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-region model was proposed, which considers the bed cross section being composed of a stagnant liquid region, a liquid film region, and a rivulet flow region. To estimate the fractions of the three regions, the fraction of film flow was evaluated first, by transforming the complex trickling flow texture into pure liquid film flow. Through the measurements of liquid holdup and pressure drop for the film flow, a relationship between relative permeability and gas saturation was established, and from which the fraction of film flow region was obtained. It shows packing size is most important to the faction of rivulet flow. The external wetting efficiency of the packing was correlated as the sum of two-third power of the liquid film fraction and the rivulet flow fraction, besides, a correlation based on Reynolds and Galileo numbers of the two phases in the form of [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]