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The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about various articles published in the May 2001 issue of the "Journal of Community Psychology." Papers in this special issue represent psychological research that has taken place on four continents: North America, South America, Europe, and the Middle East, across inner city, urban, rural, and refugee camp populations, and within stable, less stable, and newly forming nations. In all cases, however, investigators have focused on effects of violence on children. These papers range in focus from abuse and conflict within the home and family, to neighborhood and community levels of violence, and national levels of upheaval and conflict in Chile and the Palestinian territories. In addition, the commentary by author James Garbarino also provides a national and international perspective.

Objective: This study seeks to assess the scientific contributions in the field of intensive care medicine from each of the major countries (per million inhabitants) and discusses the possible factors which may contribute to any differences.Data Source: Review of scientific journals.Study Selection: We examined the total number of published papers (between 1989 and 1993) in five major respiratory and intensive care journals: Intensive Care Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Chest, The American Review of Respiratory Disease, and Circulatory Shock.Data Synthesis: Amongst the American journals, USA and Canada were the predominant contributors followed by the other countries in the following order: Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Austria, Denmark, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Norway, Japan and Germany.Conclusions: The present study reveals that the smaller European nations have a greater participation than the larger European nations in the major intensive care journals. This phenomenon could be due to different submission practices in these countries compared with the larger European countries, where a considerable number of papers are submitted to local renowned journals. There was no absolute correlation between a nation's gross national product and the total number of publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the book "Global Competitive Strategies in the new World Economy: Multilateralism, Regionalization and the Transnational Firm," edited by Hafiz Mirza. In this book nineteen papers seek to understand the strategies of transnational firms in an evolving international environment, where issues of globalization, regionalism, and muitilateralism have become salient. Papers also examines the complex relationship between conflict and cooperation that characterizes firms, nation states and supranational groupings, Samsung Group's views on global regionalization strategies, the strategies of transnational corporations in Europe, North America and Asia.

This article will analyse factors which, since the end of last century, have made interregional relations very important to understand the world geopolitical and economic order. Interregional relations are defined as those which pertain to relations between regions or between a given state and a given region, or within a megaregion. This evolution results from: the growing demand in the emerging economies and the interaction among them, a new framework of interregional economic relations, and the development of new commercial channels. Finally, this paper will introduce the different articled included in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topics of societal concern such as mental health and poverty reduction increasingly require action programmes that operate within broad psychosocial and social justice perspectives. Models of practice centred in individual needs, although important, are not powerful enough to bring about social change when they operate in isolation. In this article, we present the findings resulting from the observation of programmes engaged in collaborating with socio‐economically disadvantaged individuals, families, and communities. The programmes selected for study were nationally or internationally recognized for the quality and innovation of their methodologies or for having been subjected to scientific attention; some met both criteria. Altogether, 15 programmes were visited, in North and South America and Europe. Through a grounded theory methodology, the processes of data collection and analysis led to the development of a theoretical framework that identifies a continuum of programmes aimed at supporting the development of individuals, families, and communities and that has at its core the central process of building reciprocity. This article presents and describes the continuum of programmes and how each type relates to the process of building reciprocity and establishes links with other relevant and significant concepts in the framework. Finally, implications for further research are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on dual capable aircraft (DCA) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). He states that the NATO alliance reflects the enduring geostrategic and geopolitical realities between Europe and North America. He mentions that the U.S. continues to provide nescessary security support to the alliance. He adds that financial costs, military utility, and warhead security are several challenges that pertains to DCA.

We investigate the pricing formation of natural gas markets on three different continents (Europe, Asia and North America). We find that natural gas markets showed a strong relationship with the crude oil market between 1992 and 2001 and natural gas prices tended to thermal parity with crude oil prices. From 2002 natural gas markets exhibited a less pronounced relationship with the crude oil market and major natural gas markets were severely underpriced compared to crude oil. A globally integrated natural gas market, comparable to the global oil market, has not evolved. The main natural gas markets, however, exhibit some level of integration, especially over a longer time. The European market exhibits the strongest levels of integration, while the North American market exhibits the weakest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long gone are the days when the survey research community might have heeded scholar Alasdair Maclntyre's warning, in an essay on whether a science of comparative politics was possible, about the difficulties of `comparing attitudes independently of institutions and practices'; of the dangers, for example, of assuming that when one asks Italian, German, and English respondents to say nothing of Algerian, Jordanian, and Russian respondents about the pride they take in their governments, the concept of `pride' is one for which there is a shared, cross-cultural, understanding. Before the war in Iraq and after the fall of the regime, news media and polling organizations in North America, Britain, and Europe coordinated public opinion surveys on the war and related issues across various parts of the globe North and South, East and West though with a heavy bias towards the 39 `older democracies' and an even heavier bias away from the 62 `non-democracies', the number of countries chosen from the 43 newer democracies and 47 semidemocracies' falling somewhere in between.

The Westphalian system of sovereign nation-states is being challenged as national administrations lose their 'gate-keeper-role' between domestic and international politics. But what kind of political system is emerging 'after Westphalia'? The article attempts to answer this question by looking at processes of political institution-building in cross-border regions in Europe and North America. A classification of political institutions is developed which, in a first dimension, distinguishes between instrumental and identity-providing institutions. Second, formal, encompassing and territorially based political institutions are contrasted with informal, specific and non-territorial institutions. Based on this classification, the forms of cross-border collaboration in four border regions in Europe and North America are compared. In Europe, cross-border collaboration is producing another soft, but formalized, comprehensive and territorially defined layer in the European 'multi-level-system'. In North America, by contrast, only informal, specific and non-territorial institutions are evolving across the national borders. Here, the territorially based nation-state is not complemented by similar kinds of polities, but is instead being challenged more fundamentally by new kinds of polities -- transnational socio-economic exchange networks and transnational ideological coalitions which embody enormous transformational potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on economics and national strategy of the United States. It is posed that this country needs a national strategy that responds to the central post-cold war political, economic, and military realities. Moreover, in theory , a U. S. national strategy would start with a structure of private activities based on the operation of free markets and then provide a framework for enhancing the use of the nation's resources to gain national objectives derived from enduring national interests. It is also identified that the world's new political structure focuses on a triangle of competing regions that have gained economic growth. These regions are Europe, North America, and Japan.

Introduction and Aims: The practice and adverse consequences of pre-drinking have been documented within a dozen countries, but little remains known about the differences between countries or the country-specific determinants of pre-drinking. This study aims to estimate the percentage of pre-drinkers in different countries and the impact of country-level indicators such as the price of alcohol and the prevalence of drinkers and of heavy drinkers.Design and Methods: Using data from the Global Drug Survey, the percentage of pre-drinkers was estimated for 25 countries from 65 126 respondents. Bivariate and multivariate multilevel models were used to model the impact of the on-premise/off-premise drinks price ratio, the prevalence of current drinkers and of heavy drinkers on the percentage of pre-drinkers.Results: The estimated percentage of pre-drinkers per country ranged from 17.7% (Greece) to 85.4% (Ireland). Across all countries, the higher the prevalence of current drinkers, the higher the percentage of pre-drinkers. In addition, an interaction between the prevalence of heavy drinkers and the price ratio was found. In countries with a low price ratio, the higher the prevalence of heavy drinkers, the higher the percentage of pre-drinkers. The opposite effect was observed in countries with high price ratios.Discussion and Conclusions: Pre-drinking appears to be a worldwide phenomenon. The significant effects of all three indicators demonstrate the role of country-level determinants underpinning the prevalence of pre-drinking across countries. Policy makers could use the reported findings for initiating campaigns to reduce pre-drinking behaviour. [Labhart F, Ferris J, Winstock A, Kuntsche E. The country-level effects of drinking, heavy drinking and drink prices on pre-drinking: An international comparison of 25 countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]