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Nanoparticles of calcium oxide (100 nm), prepared using the sol-gel citrate method, were sonicated for 20 min in water and used for paper deacidification treatment via the Barrow method. For comparison, deacidification was also performed using bulky calcium hydroxide. Also tested as reagents, were mixtures of the two previously mentioned reagents with the addition of 0.1% gelatin, as well as Bookkeeper alkali material. After thermal accelerated aging at 90 °C for 512 h, all paper samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (FTIR) and absorbance (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. pH, alkaline reserve (AR), paper sorption and strength properties were determined. The highest value of AR and pH was provided by the calcium nanoparticles treated with gelatin. After artificial aging, the gelatin-treated bulky, nano-sized calcium hydroxide and Bookkeeper alkali material demonstrated an equal decrease in AR and pH. Added gelatin increased the binding of alkali material to paper. Also, measurement of paper strength showed that gelatin treated paper even after aging can resist higher force before breaking. At the same time addition of 0.1% of gelatin did not change paper sorption properties. FTIR and UV/Vis spectra analysis after the artificial aging process confirmed the positive effect of nano-sized calcium hydroxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]