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Amazon is one of the largest e-commerce corporations in the world and has built a reputation for fast, low-cost service. To rapidly and efficiently move goods from production to consumption, however, Amazon relies on a logistics network that entails significant investments in infrastructure (physical and human) and these investments present a challenge for capital accumulation. In this paper, I examine the labour practices that Amazon employs within its distribution work spaces to address this challenge. The analysis is based on a case study of Amazon's distribution facilities (fulfilment centres and delivery stations) in Montreal, Quebec. It draws on ethnographic research as a community organizer and semi-structured interviews with workers (present and former), trade union representatives and public policy experts to identify Amazon's key strategies. Building on past studies on the platform economy, I illustrate how Amazon relies on 'digital Taylorism' (Staab & Nachtwey, 2016), involving the use of digital technologies to structure and control the labour process and surveil workers, as a key strategy. However, I further illustrate how Amazon seeks to balance the harmful effects of digital Taylorism with what I term 'corporate keynesianism' (i.e., social welfare benefits) to attain a 'labour fix', i.e., the steady supply of precarious, compliant labour needed to sustain the logistics machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater Montreal is situated in a region with moderate seismic activity and rests on soft ground deposits from the ancient Champlain Sea, as well as more recent alluvial deposits from the Saint Lawrence River. These deposits have the potential to amplify seismic waves, as demonstrated by past strong, and recent weak, earthquakes. Studies based on the 2015 National Seismic Hazard Model (SHM5) had estimated losses to residential buildings at 2% of their value for an event with a return period of 2475 years. In 2020, the seismic hazard model was updated (SHM6), resulting in more severe hazards for eastern Canada. This paper aims to quantify the impact of these changes on losses to residential buildings in Greater Montreal. Our exposure database includes population and buildings at the scale of dissemination areas (500–1000 inhabitants). Buildings are classified by occupancy and construction type and grouped into three building code levels based on year of construction. The value of buildings is obtained from property-valuation rolls and the content value is derived from insurance data. Damage and losses are calculated using Hazus software developed for FEMA. Losses are shown to be 53% higher than the SHM5 estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cities work to accelerate sustainable-transport transitions, the expansion of cycling networks has become a significant topic of debate. Even as cycling modal shares are increasing across many North American contexts, “bikelash” (i.e., community opposition to cycling facilities) remains prevalent. In this paper, we draw from qualitative questionnaire data and quantitative travel data from Montréal, Québec to contribute a situated understanding of factors influencing both positive and negative social perceptions of cycling infrastructure. Our analysis confirms general trends that contribute to residents’ overall satisfaction with recent cycling interventions, including enhanced safety considerations and family-friendly infrastructure. We also identify particular sources of bikelash that require deeper consideration, including conflicting ideas about the impacts of cycling facilities on local businesses, divergent opinions about the planning process, perceived inequities in the distribution of cycling networks, as well as issues of seasonality and modal integration. These findings can be of interest to practitioners and decision makers working to support sustainable-mobility transitions, including recommendations on public-communication and consultation processes, winter cycling facilities, integrated infrastructure for active travel, as well as the inclusion of socialequity and critical-disability perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterfront redevelopment is one of the main categories of urban project in major cities since the 1980s. However, waterfronts are faced with issues of fragmented land ownership and a lack of integration with other central neighbourhoods. Using Montreal's waterfront as a case study, this paper shows how the governance framework of urban design may undermine their integration. The observation of user behaviour within public spaces offers a new perspective for the redesign of these links between neighbourhoods, and seeks to contribute to a vision of waterfront precincts beyond the limits imposed by administrative constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metropolitan community of Montreal (MMC) is located in Eastern Canada and included in the western Quebec seismic zone characterized by shallow crustal earthquakes and moderate seismicity. Most of the urbanized areas are settled close to the Saint-Lawrence River and its tributaries and within the region, delimiting the extension of the clay deposits from the Champlain Sea. The influence of these recent and soft deposits on seismic waves has been observed after the 1988 M5.8 Saguenay earthquake and has proven to be crucial in seismic hazard analysis. The shear-wave velocity Vs averaged over the 30 m of soil, abbreviated Vs30, is one of the most used parameters to characterize the site condition and its influence on seismic waves. Since 2000, a site condition model has been developed for the municipalities of Montreal and Laval, combining seismic and borehole data for risk mitigation purposes. The paper presents an extended version of the Vs30 mapping for the entire region of the MMC, which accounts for half of the population of Quebec, including additional ambient noise recordings, recently updated borehole datasets, geological vector map and unpublished seismic refraction data to derive Vs profiles. The estimated Vs30 values for thousands of sites are then interpolated on a regular grid of 0.01 degrees using the inverse distance weighted interpolation approach. Regions with the lowest estimated Vs30 values where site amplification could be expected on seismic waves are in the Northeastern part and in the Southwest of the MMC. The map expresses in terms of site classes is compared with intensity values derived from citizen observations after recent felt. In general, the highest reported intensity values are found in regions with the lowest Vs30 values on the map. Areas where this rule does not apply, should be investigated further. This site condition model can be used in seismic hazard and risk analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of workfare, characterized by the rise of 'work first' policies, new actors are emerging in the field of labour market integration. This paper explores the role of one labour market intermediary- Petites-Mains. Petites-Mains is a Work Integration Social Enterprise (WISE), which emerged to promote the social and economic inclusion of immigrant women in Montreal. We discuss the challenges the organization confronts in balancing its hybrid economic/social mandate and countering the negative effects of the market. While WISEs in Quebec have their origins in community or religious associations and their emergence can be traced to the decline of the welfare state, over time they have become increasingly dependent on state funding (especially support from the provincial government). The increasingly neoliberal orientation of provincial governments threatens the social mandates of the WISEs. These changes are affecting the potential of WISEs to assist marginalized immigrant women. We discuss some of the ways WISEs respond to the challenges they confront, leveraging networks at a variety of scales, and in doing so, we challenge conventional accounts of the role of civil society organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses how social sustainability is implemented in private-led regeneration processes and which understanding of the "social" foregrounds the implementation of sustainability in Montreal. The case studies are two new residential projects led by the private sector participating in the transformation of the Southwest Borough in Montreal. The analysis is based on six components used to evaluate the operationalisation of social sustainability for new residential projects as well on the analysis of opportunities to negotiate the "social" in the implementation of sustainability. The two case studies, Griffintown and the Bassins-du-Nouveau Havre projects are examples of brownfield regeneration in a former industrial area along the Lachine Canal known as the South West Borough. We have used semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders as the main source for data collection, a review of press articles and an analysis of the principal planning documents related to each project. If the second example is more convincing in regards to the operationalisation of social sustainability, there is a lack of incentives for developers to integrate social sustainability principles in their development in the Montreal context. Planning instruments should impose more constraints on developers and municipalities should have more financial resources to negotiate with developers what the "social" should be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we share our reflections based on a process consultation project in collaboration with the Montreal Bicycle Advisory Committee. We put forward the idea that changing people's habits of transportation in Montreal is a complex, wicked problem which cannot be solved by a single actor in a single domain using well-known solutions. We suggest using Transformative Scenario Planning as a framework for how to engage the ecosystem in a participatory, systemic and emergent process to help the system transform its problematic situation. We also discuss the implications of being a stakeholder and change agents in such a transformative culture change process, including our own experience of change through the project. Finally, we end our reflections with a question for further exploration that have emerged from this work. In doing so, we wish to share the continuous inquiry that this work may inspire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic accidents are among the most common causes of death worldwide. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), 50 million people are involved in traffic accidents every year. Canada, particularly Montreal, is not immune to this problem. Data from the Société de l'Assurance Automobile du Québec (SAAQ) show that there were 392 deaths on Québec roads in 2022, 38 of them related to the city of Montreal. This value represents an increase of 29.3% for the city of Montreal compared with the average for the years 2017 to 2021. In this context, it is important to take concrete measures to improve traffic safety in the city of Montreal. In this article, we present a web-based solution based on machine learning that predicts the severity of traffic accidents in Montreal. This solution uses a dataset of traffic accidents that occurred in Montreal between 2012 and 2021. By predicting the severity of accidents, our approach aims to identify key factors that influence whether an accident is serious or not. Understanding these factors can help authorities implement targeted interventions to prevent severe accidents and allocate resources more effectively during emergency responses. Classification algorithms such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) were used to develop the prediction model. Performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy were used to evaluate the prediction model. The performance analysis shows an excellent accuracy of 96% for the prediction model based on the XGBoost classifier. The other models (CatBoost, RF, GB) achieved 95%, 93%, and 89% accuracy, respectively. The prediction model based on the XGBoost classifier was deployed using a client–server web application managed by Swagger-UI, Angular, and the Flask Python framework. This study makes significant contributions to the field by employing an ensemble of supervised machine learning algorithms, achieving a high prediction accuracy, and developing a real-time prediction web application. This application enables quicker and more effective responses from emergency services, potentially reducing the impact of severe accidents and improving overall traffic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Network Robustness Index (NRI) was one of the first tools to successfully assess networkwide congestion effects due to single-link closures. This paper investigates the use of systemwide metrics in the context of Montreal’s urban road network, and provides a new mechanism to evaluate the importance of individual links while internalizing the environmental perspective. Specifically, the NRI is expanded to include road emissions in the link criticality analysis process, resulting in the creation of an Emissions-based NRI (ENRI), to be used in conjunction with the NRI. The results of this new Emissions-based NRI (ENRI) are compared with the NRI results and we observe that both tools provide similar results for major scenarios (such as capacity reduction on major bridges) while for minor scenarios (such as capacity reduction on arterial roads) the results are quite different. The results suggest that new holistic frameworks are needed to assess link criticality in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using location theory as a starting point, this paper aims to understand how coworking spaces (CSs) locate within the city and how they reacted to the stress of COVID-19. Through a case study of the city of Montreal (Canada), we show that most CSs locate in areas of high transit accessibility and in central districts, but there is a trend – possibly accelerated by COVID – towards more suburban locations. These location strategies follow logics similar to those of Knowledge intensive services (KIS), including the tendency of some to agglomerate and of others to disperse. For some CSs, there is also heightened sensitivity to interactions with, and contributions to, the local community. Hence, faced with COVID, CSs in transit-accessible places combine an inward strategy, centralizing their activities around members, with a networking strategy , pooling some services and developing partnerships with local or other nearby CSs. Furthermore, CSs in peri -central neighbourhoods are the most vulnerable and have adopted retraction strategies. In contrast, CSs located in low accessibility districts outside the agglomeration adopt an expansion strategy, opening new branches near suburban residential areas to attract nearby workers. As hybrid work evolves, these results can help urban planners better understand the location rationales of CSs, how they adapt, and to what extent they bring added value to local urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groupe Intervention Vidéo (GIV) is an independent artist run center in Montreal "dedicated to the promotion of videos created by women (in its most inclusive definition) by distributing and presenting them" (GIV website) At the crossroads of longevity, consistency, commitment, and the precarity that accompanies most forms of feminist labor, GIV is one of the most important "accidental" archives of feminist organizing and expression in Quebec. Their curatorial practices resist any archiving separated from the practice of everyday life. This article focuses on the thirty-year history of Vidéo des Femmes dans le Parc (VFP), GIV's annual public and outdoor screening of new works from an open call. We trace how this event serves to "call in" artists to build feminist community and continually change GIV's definition of who their community is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to show how urban sustainability issues have been addressed by social, political, and economic actors involved in housing production in Montreal. Specifically, it looks at how the environmental question has been incorporated into the practice and discourse of recent housing schemes. Principles of sustainable development such as adaptive reuse of industrial buildings and infill housing that allow for reinvestment in inner-city neighbourhoods, inclusion of affordable, or social housing in private housing developments to secure social mix, citizen participation, energy, water, and transportation matters have been increasingly circulated. By examining planning documents, design proposals, and briefs presented at public hearings on housing schemes in Southwest Montreal, a former working-class borough undergoing revitalisation, this paper shows that the values of sustainable development have been used by both private developers and local authorities to negotiate urban transformations with community groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Action Research is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, bicycle theft often goes unnoticed and is largely unchallenged, negatively impacting the use of this sustainable transportation mode. The present research brings attention to this issue by analyzing the multifaceted problem of bicycle theft in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A bilingual online bicycle theft survey was designed for this purpose and answered by 2,039 Greater Montreal residents, yielding 1,922 usable responses. This paper tries to understand bicycle theft by answering the questionswho, what, where, how, andwhen. Findings from this study are useful to better understand and ultimately decrease bicycle theft in Montreal, but can also be beneficial for cyclists, police, and policy makers in other cities aiming to decrease bicycle theft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Diaspora: Transnational Journal of Culture, Economy & Society is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investing in accessible, affordable and sustainable modes of transportation is increasingly seen as an important policy tool for fostering the development of more inclusive cities and combating the rise in inequality. In this article, we review how the concept of inclusive growth has gained traction at the local level framed within a discourse of building more equitable and sustainable cities with a particular emphasis on transportation infrastructure projects as a way of operationalizing the concept as a policy tool. Using Montreal as a case study, we then proceed to evaluate two competing proposals for major public transit infrastructure projects (the Pink line and the REM Phase II) to see if one may potentially offer more inclusive outcomes in terms of transit access and mobility. We do so by first examining changes in the spatial configurations of neighbourhood income disparities in the city between 1981 and 2016. After identifying a pattern of growing spatial polarization between higher- and lower-income neighbourhoods, we use a buffer analysis of transit stations to assess which of the two proposed transit infrastructure projects is best positioned to curb the growth of neighbourhood disparities. Our results suggest the proposed Pink line project provides more coverage in terms of accessibility and connecting economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods from Montreal Nord to Lachine with the downtown core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people appear to be using public transit more than their predecessors, reversing twentieth century trends, but the importance of such findings depends on whether high transit use persists as these riders age. This paper examines whether transit mode share for commuting trips is increasing; socio-economic and geographic trends are also explored to attempt to determine whether these trends are likely to continue. The study uses repeated cross-sectional origin-destination surveys of Greater Montreal (1998, 2003 and 2008). Over 45,000 home-to-work and home-to-school trips are studied for each survey year. A general lifecycle pattern of decreasing transit share with age is apparent within cohorts until individuals reach their early 30s, followed by decades of stability. This pattern appears to hold in recent years, but with higher youth use rates, and it is argued that the higher use will continue as current younger cohorts mature. Suburbanization by those in their early 30s is evident and, along with household composition changes, appears to explain much of the final within-cohort mode share declines before equilibrium. Transit providers might see lasting ridership gains, as those currently in their early 30s and younger replace lower-use cohorts in the workforce, provided service provision keeps pace. Addressing the needs of young people, whose mode choices are comparatively unsettled, should be a priority for transit agencies to ensure higher transit usage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local interorganizational relations are crucial in aeronautics. On the basis of an empirical research carried out in Montreal, this paper addresses the role of proximity within the construction of these interorganizational relations and analyses how these relations are structured, which actors are crucial for their construction, and to what extent they foster innovation. The paper shows that aeronautics in Montreal is characterized by a dense network structured by prime contractors and intermediate organizations and a strong sense of belonging. Diverse forms of proximity shape the aeronautics sector in Montreal, with the specific characteristics of the sector (strong vertical integration and major spatial concentration of the productive chains) and of the place, in this case Montreal (priority to partnership, presence of intermediate organizations), are converging and contributing to the building of an innovative system at the metropolitan scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees residing in Montreal embody a complex predicament. It is a condition controlled by regulations and often marked by circumstances of social, racial, and economic marginalization, but also defined by instances where refugees manifest their belonging to the city, create meaning to their lives and carve out agency as non-citizens. This paper addresses some of the positionalities and experiences of refugees specific to Montreal, as their everyday existence oscillates between social inclusion and exclusion -- with an emphasis on how inclusion emerges in refugee urban resettlement experiences. Adopting Saskia Sassen's (2006) notion of "informal citizens," defined as refugees and undocumented individuals who engage in many of the same practices as regular right-bearing citizens do, I chart some of the ways in which refugees partake in city life, based on Michel de Certeau's framework on everyday urban life. Informed by other theoretical considerations, as well as by interviews conducted with individuals who once sought asylum in Montréal, I pay particular attention to the contributions brought by refugees to civic and community life, whether individually or collectively, in terms of community involvement, volunteerism, and political activity surrounding refugee and immigrant advocacy. This counters the predominant assumption of refugees being passive and dependent. To counter such stereotypes and misconceptions, I argue that the critical period during which refugees wait for their status to be determined, is, in fact, a moment and site that engenders civic engagement and that institutes their agency and belonging to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada’s book trade is fascinating not only because it really consists of two book trades—the Anglophone and the Francophone—but also because it is a site of intense and sustained policy interventions designed to foster greater domestic control. Examining the country’s book policies, Statistics Canada data, trade association membership rosters and trade directories, this paper reveals that Canada’s contemporary book trade is characterized by three features: circa 40 years of government interventions in response to foreign dominance; the central role of foreign firms despite these interventions; and the dominance of Toronto and Montreal as domestic sites of book production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an analysis of ethnic restaurants listed in Montreal's Yellow Pages, census data on ethnicity from 1951 to 2001, and a range of supporting evidence, this paper argues that immigration appears to be a better explanation than changing eating fashions for the major trends witnessed in both the number and type of ethnic restaurants found in the city over the period. The paper explores the general implications of such a finding, concluding that theorists have so far largely ignored the wider social and economic roles played by ethnic restaurants, and need to consider their importance in family employment strategies and the like if they are to understand the phenomenon more fully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suggesting that the form of signature graffiti presents a number of vital insights into the complex relationship between place and practices of writing, this paper centers on the visual space of two cities, Montréal and Warsaw. By recovering some neglected and pointing to little-known theoretical references, the essay proposes a framework for studying graffiti, a method of examining urban surface manifestations that supports a close reading of inscriptions in situ. This close reading engages with the iconographic, spatio-temporal and linguistic dimensions of wall writing in its specific locale--within the urban context as well as the discursive and graphic space of writing on graffiti. By foregrounding the place of graffiti in these varied contexts, the essay also aims to reconcile the often separate treatments afforded to images and text, representational and discursive forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper sets out some of the essential approaches to understand the development of cities within their regional settings. By using the Montreal metropolitan area as a case study, our purpose is to shed light on the debate concerning the appropriate scale needed to help resolve the tensions in the development of the city-region by redefining the analytical framework in urban history and urban geography. This paper shows that by using a flexible definition of the region, the concept of ‘city-region’, and an approach that calls upon both environmental and urban history, we can better understand the historical forces that shaped the Montréal metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of a new obtrusive light module of the Illumina v2 model to estimate the light that may enter bedroom windows. We used the following as input to the model: (1) the sources' flux and spectrum derived from the color images taken by astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS), (2) an association between source spectrum and angular emission, and (3) a per zone inventory of obstacles properties and lamp height. The model calculates the spectral irradiance incident to buildings' windows taking into account the orientation of the street. By using the color information from an ISS image, we can classify pixels as a function of their spectra. With the same image, it is also possible to determine the upward photopic radiance for each pixel. Both serve as inputs to the model to calculate the spectral irradiance on any window. By having the spectral irradiance, it is possible to determine the Melatonin Suppression Index and the photopic irradiance on the window. Such information can later be used to perform epidemiological studies. The new methodology is applied to the city of Montréal in Canada for a set of houses' locations. The computations are made for 2013 (pre-LED era). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contributes to the literature on urban forestry and urban sustainability by filling gaps in the knowledge on viable business, financing, and governance models for nature-based solutions. Through two case studies, we provide empirical illustrations for business models based on nature-based solutions that are both viable and scalable. We confront the financial and governance challenges identified in the literature with empirical evidence that is grounded in a specific urban territory (the cities of Montreal and Brussels) and a well-identified type of nature-based solutions (the sourcing of sustainable materials from natural local ecosystems). Given the relative novelty and absence of comprehensive scientific accounts about the emergence, current state and future potential of the local wood movement, another important contribution of this paper is to characterize local wood businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of early prevention programmes and their viability as a public policy option have increasingly caught the attention of scholars and policymakers. Given the implementation costs of such programmes, it is important to assess whether they achieved anticipated objectives and whether they made efficient use of taxpayer money. Aim: To discuss the social and economic impact of a 2‐year randomised intervention aimed to improve social skills and self‐control (i.e., non‐cognitive skills) among disruptive boys from low‐income neighbourhoods in Montreal. Method: We review findings from published studies documenting the impact of the intervention at different stages of the life course, as well as its cost‐effectiveness and cost‐benefit. Results: The intervention improved behavioural indicators throughout adolescence and eventually led to greater high school graduation rates, reduced crime, and better labour market outcomes in adulthood. Importantly, the prevention programme generated considerable returns to taxpayer investments. Conclusion: Findings from the Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study have been well‐received and have contributed to an early prevention 'awakening' in Quebec and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that urban vegetation is unevenly distributed across numerous North American cities: neighbourhoods predominantly inhabited by low-income populations and/or by certain ethnic groups have less vegetation cover. The goal of this paper is to examine the existence of environmental inequities related to access to urban vegetation on the Island of Montreal for four population groups (low-income people, visible minorities, individuals 0–14 years old and persons 65 years old and over). Six indicators of vegetation in and around residential city blocks (within 250 m and 500 m) are computed by using QuickBird satellite images. These indicators are then related to socioeconomic data by using different statistical analyses (T-test, seemingly unrelated regression and multinomial logistic regression). The results show that low-income people and, to a lesser degree, visible minorities reside in areas where vegetation is less abundant. On the other hand, the opposite situation is found for children and the elderly. The use of indicators computed in and around city blocks leads to the finding of a double inequity in certain neighbourhoods. This points to the need to target vegetation-deprived areas for urgent greening in order to improve vegetation cover within city blocks (in residential yards or through alternatives such as green walls and green roofs) and around these blocks (along streets and in parks). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in the heart of Montreal's Quartier des Spectacles, the Habitations Jeanne-Mance is a vast social housing scheme that contrasts starkly with the Quebec metropolis's cultural showcase. However, despite their differences, these urban projects have been subject to similar beautification practices. Both have drawn on public art and culture as resources, but the two beautification processes have taken different forms. In the Quartier des Spectacles, they have been aimed at attracting audiences, while in the Habitations Jeanne-Mance, they have sought to reinforce a sense of belonging. In this article, we analyse how these symbolic recoding processes have interconnected and overlapped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have proven that urban greenness is an important factor when cyclists choose a route. Thus, detecting trees along a cycling route is a major key to assessing the quality of cycling routes and providing further arguments to improve ridership and the better design of cycling routes. The rise in the use of video recordings in data collection provides access to a new point of view of a city, with data recorded at eye level. This method may be superior to the commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite imagery because satellite images are costly to obtain and cloud cover sometimes obscures the view. This study has two objectives: (1) to assess the number of trees along a cycling route using software object detection on videos, particularly the Detectron2 library, and (2) to compare the detected canopy on the videos to other canopy data to determine if they are comparable. Using bicycles installed with cameras and GPS, four participants cycled on 141 predefined routes in Montréal over 87 h for a total of 1199 km. More than 300,000 images were extracted and analyzed using Detectron2. The results show that the detection of trees using the software is accurate. Moreover, the comparison reveals a strong correlation (>0.75) between the two datasets. This means that the canopy data could be replaced by video-detected trees, which is particularly relevant in cities where open GIS data on street vegetation are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Property relations in 1980s Montreal were a venue of struggle and change. In this period, a well-organized tenants' movement and the election of progressive governments spawned a series of legal and policy changes that strengthened tenants' rights in the city. During the same period, however, an emerging police, government and media discourse cast Black communities as criminal 'ghettos', and a variety of mechanisms, including new policies meant to protect tenants' rights, were used to evict criminalized Black tenants. Guided by recent work on property and Black geographies, respectively, this article examines how racial subjects are constituted in struggles over tenants' rights. The racial limits of tenants' rights in Montreal, it argues, are traceable to the socio-spatial relations of slavery and the intensifying criminalization of Black life in the 1980s, each of which nullified Black spatial belonging in the city. The tenant, the article concludes, is never just a tenant, but also a racial subject – a subject formed at the edges of blackness. In a terrain forged by slavery and its afterlives, the possibility of expansive tenants' rights presupposes a right systemically denied in advance for Black people in the Americas: the right to exist here in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent proliferation of new-build gentrification has led researchers to emphasize the need to explore the effects of indirect displacement (i.e. the effects of changes caused by neighbourhood gentrification) as experienced by long-term residents (Davidson & Lees 2004). This paper develops a four-tiered indirect displacement typology sub-dividing the concept into: cultural displacement, social displacement, political displacement and housing market displacement. This framework is operationalized in a case study of Saint-Henri, a gentrifying neighbourhood in Montréal (Québec, Canada), to assess whether it is useful in understanding the meanings of displacement in the lives of incumbent residents. The case study reveals that in Saint-Henri, social, cultural and housing market displacement are all relevant to understanding residents' experiences in the face of gentrification and mega-project development. There was not however, evidence of political displacement in Saint-Henri. For example, there were no indications of explicit conflicts between incumbent residents and incoming gentrifiers in trying to shape the future dimensions of place, as has been found elsewhere (see Davidson 2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Longitudinal analysis is rarely leveraged in the field of geography to understand neighbourhood change despite many studies documenting important transformations within metropolitan areas (e.g. gentrification, impoverishment of inner suburbs, etc.). This paper aims to identify and model trajectories of neighbourhood poverty in Montreal over five consecutive census years (1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006), using Latent Class Growth Modelling. Neighbourhoods are classified in eight groups, identifying those with stable, increasing or declining trajectories of poverty. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that the proportion of residents with low levels of education, unemployment rate, proportion of recent immigrants and the proportion of renters measured at the beginning of the period (1986) are important predictors of poverty trajectories, as are variations throughout the study period (1986–2006) in the proportions of recent immigrants and of residents with low levels of education. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the past decade, the City of Montréal has introduced measures to improve its public participation practices, most notably in the use of public hearings in urban planning projects. These new measures include the creation of a public participation policy and an independent consultation body, the Office de la consultation publique de Montréal, to head certain public hearings. Our paper uses an evaluation framework based on context, process and outcome dimensions to explore whether these new measures result in improved public hearing processes and urban outcomes in the case of two large-scale projects. Analysis of these new municipal measures suggests that the framing of the public hearing process remains unclear and politicized, barriers to participation could be further reduced, and outcomes of consultations cannot be traced to changes in project elements. The article concludes with recommendations to improve public participation in Montréal and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study which explores the function of public policy in gentrification in Montréal, Québec. The case addresses several questions such as one on the enactment of urban revitalisation through housing policy tools and one on the effect of economic development. It says that the case underscores the need to look at several factors which affect the status of local housing markets.

This paper reflects upon an integrated territorial initiative known as RUI (Integrated Urban Revitalization), which has been implemented in a number of Montreal neighbourhoods that have been particularly afflicted by poverty and social exclusion. In these areas, a series of Integrated Urban Revitalization pilot-projects have been implemented with a view to creating new development opportunities. The inter-sectoral RUI approach (health, education, crime prevention, housing, employment, transportation, environment...) advances governance, gives rise to a new generation of networks and partnerships and exposes structures to participative democracy. The RUI initiative also purports to contribute to rebuilding the identity and culture of disadvantaged people, strengthening territorial bonds (the neighbourhood as a place of belonging and social interaction) and reinforcing territorial cohesion. The RUI incorporates a bottom-up logic and constitutes a stimulus to the social economy by reinforcing the networks and institutional capacity of Montreal's society and economy, but the State cannot afford not to participate in the quest for a fairer and more sustainable urban development model. Some of the lessons from this experience can be usefully transferred and adapted to other territories subject to exclusion and poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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