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The 81, 82, 83, 85Se nuclei have been produced as fission fragments in the fusion reaction 18O + 208Pb at 85MeV bombarding energy and studied with the Euroball IV array. Their high-spin level schemes have been built from the triple $ \gamma$ -ray coincidence data and $ \gamma$ - $ \gamma$ angular correlations have been analyzed in order to assign spin and parity values to many observed states. The lowest-spin states of the two-neutron and three-neutron configurations are strongly mixed with two-proton excitations among the fp orbits. On the other hand, the highest-spin states of these neutron configurations are found to remain almost pure. Neutron excitation across the N = 50 gap is observed both in 83Se49 and in 85Se51 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-spin states in the 142Ce and 140Ba nuclei have been populated in the 12C + 238U and 18O + 208Pb fusion-fission reactions at 90MeV and 85MeV bombarding energy, respectively. The emitted γ -radiation was detected using the Euroball III and IV arrays. The high-spin yrast and near-to-yrast structures of 142Ce have been considerably extended. The level scheme of 140Ba has been extended by six new levels. The newly observed structures in these N = 84 isotones are discussed by analogy with the neighbouring nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent fission fragment yields have been obtained for the six fragment pairs ( Z L/ Z H = 44/46 , 42/48, 40/50, 38/52, 36/54 and 34/56) in 208Pb(18O, f ) at the beam energy E = 85 MeV. γ -ray spectroscopy technique was applied to analyze the experimental data. With use of these data the mass distribution of fission fragments was restored. Data on average fragment spin distribution and total neutron multiplicity are presented. The agreement of the obtained results with other experimental data proves the validity of the applied method to solve this kind of problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 84, 85Br nuclei have been produced as fission fragments in the fusion reaction 18O + 208Pb at 85MeV bombarding energy and studied with the Euroball IV array. The high-spin states of the odd-odd 84Br nucleus have been identified for the first time, the observed structure being built on the known 6- isomeric state. High-spin states of 85Br have been observed up to 5.4MeV excitation energy and spin I ∼ 21/2. From angular correlation analysis, spin values have been assigned to most of the 85Br excited states up to 4MeV. None of these excited states has been found to exhibit a delayed decay having T 1/2 > 10ns. All the observed states in 84, 85Br can be described by various proton excitations involving at least the two sub-shells ( π f 5/2 and π p 3/2) located just above the Z = 28 shell closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-spin states of the N = 87 nuclei, 147Nd and 145Ce, have been populated in the 12C + 238U and 18O + 208Pb fusion-fission reactions at 90 MeV and 85 MeV bombarding energy, respectively. The emitted γ-radiation was detected using the Euroball III and IV arrays. High-spin states of the 147Nd isotope have been identified for the first time. The high-spin yrast and near-to-yrast structures of the 145Ce nucleus have been considerably extended. The newly observed structures, discussed by analogy with the neighbouring isotones, show the coupling of an h 9/2 neutron to the quadrupole and octupole excitations of the core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 110,112 Rh and 114',16Ag nuclei have been produced as fission fragments in the fusion reaction 18 + 208Pb at 85 MeV. Their level schemes have been built from gamma-rays detected using the Euroball IV array. High-spin states of these neutron-rich nuclei have been identified for the first time. The yrast structures consist of rotational bands in which the odd proton occupies the πg9/2 sub-shell and the odd neutron the vh11/2 sub-shell. The evolution of the πg9/2 ® vh11/2 band structure is analyzed as a function of the neutron number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured the γ -ray line production cross sections in proton-induced nuclear reactions on various target nuclei (12C, 16O, 24Mg, 28Si, 56Fe) of chemical elements abundant in astrophysical sites (solar flares, the interstellar medium, cosmic compact objects) over the incident energy range of E p = 30 – 200 MeV. We carried out experimental campaigns in joint collaboration at the K = 200 separated sector cyclotron of iThemba LABS using a high-energy resolution, high-efficiency detection array composed of 8 Compton-suppressed clover detectors comprising 32 HP-Ge crystals for recording the γ -ray energy spectra. In the current paper, we focus on γ -ray de-excitation lines produced in proton irradiations of n a t C and Mylar targets, in particular, on the prominent 4.439 and 6.129 MeV lines of 12C and 16O which are among the strongest lines emitted in solar flares and in interactions of low-energy cosmic rays (LECRs) with the gas and dust of the inner galaxy. We report new γ -ray production experimental cross section data for ten nuclear γ -ray lines that we compare to previous low-energy data sets from the literature, to the predictions of the TALYS code of nuclear reactions and to a semi-empirical compilation. In the first approach, performing calculations with default input parameters of TALYS we observed substantial deviations between the predicted cross sections and experimental data. Then, using modified optical model potential (OMP) and nuclear level deformation parameters as input data we generated theoretical excitation functions for the above two main lines fully consistent with experimental data. In contrast, the experimental data sets for the other eight analyzed lines from the two proton-irradiated targets exhibit significant deviations with the predicted cross section values. We also report line-shape experimental data for the line complex observed at E γ = 4.44 MeV in irradiations of the two targets. Finally, we emphasize the astrophysical implications of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 26Al radioisotope is of great importance for understanding the chemical and dynamical evolution of our galaxy. Among the possible stellar sources, massive stars are believed to be the main producer of this radioisotope. Understanding 26Al nucleosynthesis in massive stars requires estimates of the thermonuclear reaction rates of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg, 26Al(n,α)23Na, and 23Na(α,p)26Mg reactions. These reaction rates depend on the spectroscopic properties of 27Al states above the neutron and alpha thresholds. In this context, the 27Al(p,p)27Al* reaction was studied at 18 MeV using a high-resolution Enge Split-Pole spectrometer. States from the ground state up to excitation energies of ≈14 MeV were populated. While up to the 23Na + α threshold no additional states are observed, we report for the first time 30 new levels above the 23Na + α threshold and more than 30 new states above the 26Al + n threshold for which excitation energies are determined with an uncertainty of 4-5 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-spin states of the two neutron-rich nuclei 88Kr52 and 89Rb52 have been studied from the 18O+208Pb fusion-fission reaction. Their level schemes were built from triple β-ray coincidence data, and β-β angular correlations were analyzed in order to assign spin and parity values to most of the observed states. The two level schemes evolve from collective structures to single-particle excitations as a function of the excitation energy. Comparison with results of shell-model calculations gives the specific proton and neutron configurations which are involved to generate the angular momentum alongthe yrast lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odd-odd 136Cs nuclei have been produced in the 18O + 208Pb and 12C + 238U fusion-fission reactions and their γ rays studied with the Euroball array. The high-spin level scheme was built up to ~4.7 MeV excitation energy and spin I ~ 16h from the triple γ-ray coincidence data. The configurations of the three structures observed above ~2 MeV excitation energy are first discussed bγ analogy with the proton excitations identified in the semimagic 137Cs82 nucleus, which involve the three high-j orbits lying above the Z = 50 gap, πg7/2, πd5/2, and πhn1/2- This is confirmed by the results of shell-model calculations performed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states up to Jπ = 11- at 10 296 keV and Jπ = 10+ at 10 707 keV have been populated in the odd-odd 36C1 nucleus using the 24Mg(14N,2p) fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab = 31 MeV. Twenty new states and 62 new γ transitions have been identified by employing γ-γ and γ-γ-γ coincidences. Lifetimes have been investigated by the Doppler shift attenuation method. The experimental data have been compared with the results of large-scale shell-model calculations performed using different effective interactions and model spaces allowing particle-hole excitations across the N = Z = 20 shell gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-ray production cross sections have been measured in proton irradiations of N, Ne, and Si and α-particle irradiations of N and Ne. In the same experiment we extracted also line shapes for strong γ-ray lines of 16O produced in proton and α-particle irradiations of O. For the measurements gas targets were used for N, O, and Ne and a thick foil for Si. All targets were of natural isotopic composition. Beams in the energy range up to 26 MeV for protons and 39 MeV for α particles were delivered by the Institut de Physique Nucléaire-Orsay tandem accelerator. The γ rays were detected with four high-purity Ge detectors in the angular range 30° to 135°. We extracted 36 cross-section excitation functions for proton reactions and 14 for α-particle reactions. For the majority of the excitation functions no other data exist to our knowledge. Where comparison with existing data was possible, usually a very good agreement was found. It is shown that these data are very interesting for constraining nuclear reaction models. In particular, the agreement of cross section calculations in the nuclear reaction code talys with the measured data could be improved by adjusting the coupling schemes of collective levels in the target nuclei 14N, 20,22Ne, and 28Si. The importance of these results for the modeling of nuclear γ-ray line emission in astrophysical sites is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma-ray angular distributions for the resonances at Ep=550 and 1747 keV of the radiative capture reaction 13C(p,γ)14N have been measured, using intense proton beams on isotopically pure 13C targets. Experimental gamma-ray spectra were obtained with three HP–Germanium detectors at four angles for Ep=550 keV and six angles for Ep=1747 keV in the range of 0–90° with respect to the proton beam. From the data, relative intensities for the strongest transitions were extracted with an accuracy of typically 5%, making these resonances new useful gamma-ray standards for efficiency calibration in the energy range from Eγ=1.6–9 MeV. Gamma-ray branching ratios were obtained for several levels of 14N and are compared with literature values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

High-spin states in 196Pb have been populated in two different heavy-ion-induced reactions using thin and Au-backed targets, respectively. Gamma-ray coincidences were measured using the EUROBALL spectrometer array. Five new magnetic-rotational bands have been found. The previously known four bands have been extended and some of their levels have been reordered. With one exception, all the bands have been connected to lower-lying states and excitation energies, spins and parities have been determined. From the systematic properties of the bands and from comparison to tilted-axis cranking calculations, arguments for configuration assignments to the bands are derived. It is suggested that the bands are based on proton 11− and 8+ particle states coupled to various neutron–hole excitations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]