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Global electricity demand is increasing with the rising population and rapid urbanization. Building Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a new method of renewable energy generation where solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are integrated into the building surfaces such as façade, shades, windows, roofs, and tiles. BIPV systems reduce the urban energy demand. Utilization of vertical surfaces makes the BIPV system a preferable choice where land scarcity affects the implementation of large PV systems. The economic viability depends on the maximum power generated by the BIPV array. In urban environments, the BIPV arrays experience severe partial shading conditions (PSCs). The PSCs cause mismatch losses, reducing the global maximum power of the BIPV array and efficiency. Fixed array configurations such as series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), triple-tied (TT), and quarter-tied (QT) are designed to solve this issue. The cross ties across the rows of the BIPV array improve the performance at the expense of more wiring. Researchers proposed various optimal array configurations with different shading patterns. This research attempts to generalize the design of the BIPV array configurations by considering the trade-off between wiring requirements and shading losses. The performance of SP, TT, QT, and TCT configurations under four different shading conditions is simulated with the proposed BIPV array design algorithm. A 9 × 8 BIPV array of 3.6 kW is considered. QT configuration reduces the wiring requirement by 10.45% compared to TCT and improves up to 8.43% maximum power than SP. The fill factor is improved to 48.49%, and the mismatch loss is limited to 34.10%. Therefore, QT and TCT are considered favorable configurations for BIPV array design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the MPPT algorithm for the proposed hybrid energy system, i.e., PV and wind systems, and is tested for grid-connected and standalone utilities. This study's major objective is to maximize the power output and enhance the power quality of the hybrid renewable energy technologies that have been created. In the literature, many research scholars have worked in the field of MPPT calculations for PV and wind systems, which increases the number of publications in the field of control calculations for hybrid power systems. This study pays attention to designing a controller based on MPPT for extracting maximum energy from wind and PV energy systems. The suggested algorithm is tested in grid and standalone modes, considering variable weather conditions. The proposed system is designed for 500 W solar and wind plants with the usual step-up converter and tested in MATLAB software to judge the efficacy of the suggested controller designed for MPPT. In this work, the suggested radial basis function network is implemented in wind and PV facilities via MPPT technique-based ANN control to obtain the maximum power by using fuzzy controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FSPV (Floating Solar Photovoltaic) is an emerging type of solar energy that aims to help the environment. Since the technology is new, it is not easy to examine the long-term performance, effective control, and feasibility studies of FSPV facilities. The calculation of FSPV panel parameters is crucial in evaluating the actual performance, long-term operation, feasibility, and carbon-saving capacity of FSPV systems. The algorithm of war strategy optimization is used for the parameter estimation of the single-diode model of FSPV. Furthermore, FSPV decreases the environmental impacts of land-based PV (LBPV) plants, such as deforestation for land clearance to install panels. The WSO method outperforms war gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) regarding effectiveness and accuracy. The WSO method is more effective and accurate than gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks optimization (HHO), with a standard deviation of 3.74387E–17 and a mean of 7.72985E–04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for electricity is rapidly rising, and renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important for maintaining the electric system and servicing isolated demands. Tidal energy, wind energy, and solar energy (SE) are all forms of renewable energy. The solar power system is free of pollution, and enormous volumes of solar radiation reach the earth's surface. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are taking a leading role as solar-based energy sources because of their unique advantages. But in this, the cost of power generation is an important issue since the existing research methods aren't effective. So that this research methodology uses the Cognitive Marine Predators Algorithm (CMPA) based cost-effective PV power generation system and utilization. In this research, first, the design variables, constraints, and the PV modelling is explained. After that, the objective function is determined here. The main objective function is the generation of the cost function and the power loss function. At last, the cost-effective power generation system is designed by the CMPA. In this CMPA, the determined objective functions are considered as the fitness function and the input are the design variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous escalation in energy consumption and greenhouse gases in the environment drives power generation to pursue a more sustainable path. Solar photovoltaic is one of the technologies identified as a possible source of clean, green, and affordable energy in the future. The vast land area occupied by solar photovoltaics to generate electricity suggests that large photovoltaic facilities be built on the water surface, serving the dual purpose of saving land, increasing efficiency and power output. Despite the remarkable geophysical conditions of India, the evaluation of floating solar photovoltaic power plants revealed little involvement in this technology. This research aims to offer a comprehensive technical and sustainable goal-based analysis to provide an efficient hybrid hydel-floating solar photovoltaic system. In this paper, an assessment of a 96 megawatt power plant is done to show the economic and ecological benefits of a floating solar photovoltaic system. A comparison of land-based photovoltaic, floating solar photovoltaic, and hybrid hydel-floating solar photovoltaic is done to check the cost-efficiency and sustainability. The result indicates that the floating solar photovoltaics system produces 81.39 gigawatt-hour excess generation with 2.4% more energy yield compared to the land-based photovoltaic system. The total water saved is 69.4 mcm. The equivalent carbon reduction is 123,454.53 tons of CO2. The levelized cost of energy generation is 3.23 $/W, which is 2.3% less than the current price of electricity. The floating solar photovoltaic help in achieving sustainable development goals along with the protection of the ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes grid synchronisation with PV through a sliding-mode controller. P&O MPPT technology increases the output capacity of solar panels by monitoring their maximum power point through disturbance and observation. To enhance energy conversion efficiency while dealing with the nonlinear dynamics of power converters, we must apply a nonlinear control approach. The purpose of this study is to develop novel first-order sliding mode control algorithms for solar energy conversion that are both dependable and efficient. A sliding mode control for nonlinear loads is being used to solve first-order buck-boost converter and THD difficulties. Furthermore, the power quality of the system was enhanced. The output of the DC–DC converter is connected to a VSI-based space-vector pulse-width-modulated inverter that generates three-phase alternating current by using space vector pulse-width modulation. The endurance and performance of the solar energy conversion system were tested using a MATLAB computer simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the simulation of solar panel-based multiple output inverter including leakage inductance. The solar panel is used as the energy source and it is connected to a flyback converter to boost the voltage. The voltage output of the photovoltaic panel is boosted to 181.6 V from 16.5 V DC using an interleaved fly-back converter. Half-bridge multiple output inverter is used to produce alternating current in multiple coils. Using this circuit topology multiple loads can be heated simultaneously. All three coils are connected in parallel. If one coil is damaged then other coils will be able to provide the desired output. A wide range of output is studied in terms of current gain. In this proposed circuit two IGBTs have been used as semiconductor switches. Two freewheeling diodes are connected parallel to the IGBTs to provide the discharging path of the energized coils. Current variation through the coil is possible by varying the duty cycle. A simple asymmetrical duty cycle control strategy is used to vary the duty cycle. The available range of current is 2.18–2.43 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (SPV) based renewable resource-linked grid system has been replacing the traditional power generation system due to significant advantages. However, high fluctuation of DC voltage might damage the grid system and produce power quality problems in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage fluctuation. In this article, a novel function roach infestation optimization (FRIO) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is proposed for tracking the utmost PV power. Furthermore, a novel generalized evolving fuzzy reasoning-based intelligence control (GEFRIC) method is proposed in multilevel inverter (MLI) to mitigate the harmonic constraints in the grid system. The performance analysis of the proposed method has been validated in MATLAB/Simulink under different cases. Moreover, the outcome of the proposed scheme was compared with other conventional methods and has attained better results by achieving less THD and optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and deployment of FSPV systems are still in the nascent stages hence long-term performance, control and feasibility study of FSPV systems are not well addressed. Precise and robust estimation of FSPV panel parameters will play an important role in determining the actual performance, carbon savings and long-term feasibility studies of FSPV systems. Here, hybrid stochastic firefly algorithm (HSFA) is used for parameter estimation and optimization. The hybrid algorithm is used to find out the parameters of single diode model, double diode model and FSPV module. An experiment is also performed using FSPV modules under varying irradiance conditions. The accuracy of model is evaluated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental results and computing the relative error and root mean square error (RMSE). The parameters extracted using the proposed method has a very low RMSE value of 9.83002E-04. Assessment of the experimental and estimated results show that the relative error for measured electricity on a sunny day is 0.57% while for an overcast day it is 0.89%. For partial shading condition, the relative error and RMSE was 0.79% and 6.5%, respectively. The results which are in well agreement with the experimental values demonstrate the superior performance of the model in determining the FSPV parameters. Proper estimation of the FSPV parameters will help researchers, scientists, engineers and all actors associated with solar PV systems in making sound judgements towards the deployment of FSPV systems and help the society in developing a sustainable ecosystem towards implementation of industry 4.0 by adapting to low-carbon power generation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new grid integration control scheme that employs spider monkey optimization technique for maximum power point tracking and Lattice Levenberg Marquardt Recursive estimation with a hysteresis current controller for controlling voltage source inverter. This control scheme is applied to a PV system integrated to a three phase grid to achieve effective grid synchronization. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control scheme, simulations were performed. From the simulation results it is observed that the proposed controller provides excellent control performance such as reducing THD of the grid current to 1.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted towards life cycle economic analysis (LCEA) of a solar photovoltaic (PV) powered tri-cycle. The paper is meant to propose a more systematic approach in determining the optimum use of scarce resources in order to determine the most cost-effective option of the solar tri-cycle. This analysis is based on the life cycle cost of this solar vehicle, involving its comparison with the customary fuel-based tri-cycle which exhibits the relatively less expenditure of the solar alternative. The economic analysis takes into account the fact that over 20 years, the overall price of solar component, replacement and electricity charges, is much lower as compared to that of a fuel-based tri-cycle in India taking into consideration the fuel cost, maintenance and annual inflation over the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary source of energy is depleting day by day owing to an increase in per capita energy consumption. To ensure energy security, to minimize climate change problems and to guarantee sustainable development, the useful utilization of renewable energy potential is of utmost importance. Recent researches reveal significant environmental effects in utilization of photovoltaic technology in large power plants located in urban locations. Further observations depict that the ground mounted PV power plants occupy large land spaces in the modern cities. These have led to the escalation of land price which has resulted in increasing the levelized tariff of electricity. Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) is an alternative to mitigate the aforesaid problems. In this article, a techno‐economic feasibility of a 10 MW FSPV plant is done to show the economic viability and environmental suitability in maintaining ecological balance through adoption of floating solar photovoltaic technology as compared to conventional ground mounted PV systems. The results show that floating solar photovoltaic power plant has 10.2% more generating capacity than land based PV system and producing 28.38 MU excess generation over the life cycle of the plant. The FSPV plant will save the land cost burden of USD 352125 and water cess burden of USD 47,600. This results in reducing the levelized tariff of FSPV plant to USD 0.026/kWh which is 39% less than land based PV power plant. The FSPV plant will also save 92,945.92 MT of Coal and a total CO2 emission of 340,801.74 ton. The FSPV power plant will help to bridge the gap between energy demand and supply along with reducing the cost of electricity and protecting the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]