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The high-quality development of service industry has become an important engine for promoting sustainable economic development. This paper first constructed the evaluation index system of high-quality development of service industry, based on panel data from 2005 to 2020. Second, Kernel density, Markov chain and Dagum Gini coefficient were used to represent the regional differences and dynamic evolution of service industry, and the Koo method was used to explore the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. Finally, social network analysis was used to identify core indicators. The study found that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the overall level of service industry first decreases and then increases, with Chengdu and Chongqing leading other cities. (2) The development of service industry in the CCEC has large spatial differences, mainly due to inter-regional differences. (3) The level of spatial agglomeration is less variable, with high agglomeration mainly in Chengdu. (4) Indicators such as the level of human capital are the core factors of its high-quality development. This study is of great theoretical and practical significance for the optimization and upgrading of service industry in the CCEC and the synergetic development of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle in China, the recommended bearing capacity of a medium-weathering mudstone foundation is less than the capacity of the rock structure to withstand loads. The aim of this paper was to perform plate loading tests (PLTs) with binocular vision measurement (BVM) to obtain the accurate deformation of the foundation under vertical loading. The results revealed that vertical load–bearing foundations have a failure mode that can be reduced to that of thrust failures for thin bedded structures of mudstone foundations. By analyzing the differences in results between the PLTs and the uniaxial compressive strength tests under the same conditions, a new formalism for calculating foundation-bearing capacity was proposed; there is only a 5% difference compared to in situ tests. The results of this research provide theoretical support and a practical benchmark for the full development of the load-bearing capability of soft red rocks. As the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle progresses toward the international urban cluster, inevitably, soft rock is used as a foundation retaining layer in the construction of superhigh and super-rise buildings in the region. However, owing to antiquated testing methods and poor intelligibility of the testing equipment, the bearing capacity of such a mass of rock has yet to be fully developed and cannot meet the dual-carbon economic goals and sustainable development of architectural design. Based on this, the study introduces a noncontact method to measure the bearing capacity of soft rock within the traditional method of in situ testing and combines the concept of big data analysis to advance an empirical method for calculating the bearing capacity accurately. Based on the results of this study, the concept of natural foundations can be adopted and the engineering dilemma that the treatment of building foundations cannot be economical and practical can be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle (hereinafter referred to as "Chengyu Region") is a key construction region of China's major development strategy. The development of regional tourism plays an important role in the optimization of regional economy and industrial structure. In this paper, ArcGIS 10.5 was used as the main analysis tool to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of A-level tourist attractions in Chengyu Region, and makes factor analysis and interactive analysis on the factors affecting the distribution of tourist attractions by geographic detector model. The results show that: 1. The distribution of tourism attractions in Chengyu Region is mainly concentrated type, and the distribution of the natural landscape, cultural landscape, rural pastoral and modern entertainment in Chengyu Region are all concentrated type. 2. In terms of the distribution characteristics of kernel density, there is a significant deviation between the spatial distribution of A-level tourist attractions and tourism income in Chengyu Region. Through the analysis of the dynamic development of A-level tourist attractions in 2010, 2015 and 2021, tourism in Chengyu Region show a good situation of "driven by two cities and blooming in many places." Among them, Chengdu and Chongqing have obvious advantages, and Yibin has become an important city second only to Chengdu and Chongqing. 3. In terms of spatial correlation, the spatial distribution of A-level tourist attractions in Chengyu Region has a significant spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial autocorrelation of A-level tourist attractions includes H–H (high-high), H–L (high-low) and L–H (low–high) clustering types. 4. In terms of influencing factors, traffic location, water system, topography and social and economic development level are the important factors affecting the spatial distribution of regional A-level tourist attractions. Among them, the level of social and economic development has the greatest impact on regional tourism. Finally, based on relevant theories, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for regional coordinated development, so as to guide the sustainable development and management innovation of regional tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is attaching increasing importance to the creation of regional integration, high-quality economic development and ecological civilization. An accurate grasp of the traction effect of the increased level of integration of urban agglomerations on the eco-efficiency (EE) of cities in the region will help to promote the steady improvement of urban economic development and the ecological environment. This paper constructs an index system to measure the level of integration of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) and the EE of each city within it from 2011 to 2020 and explores the impact of regional integration on urban EE and its mechanism of action. The study presents the follow findings: (1) The level of integration of the CCUA increased nearly 10 times from 2011 to 2020, with the government playing a significant leading role. (2) The positive and negative effects of the level of integration of the CCUA on urban EE depend on factors such as the level of economic development, the stage of development and the location. There are several relationships between the level of intra-regional integration and urban EE: first, a nearly linear increase, as in Chongqing and Chengdu; second, an increase in fluctuation, as in Dazhou, Guang'an and Leshan; and third, a fluctuation, decrease, flat or even no real increase, as in Luzhou, Ya'an and Zigong. (3) Based on this, this paper considers the mechanism of the level of integration within the region on urban EE in terms of both economic and eco-environmental effects, with a view to exploring the future green development path of the CCUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attaining optimal eco-efficiency is of paramount importance in promoting the sustainable and harmonious development of the economy and environment within urban agglomerations. Firstly, this paper utilizes the Super-SBM model with undesirable output to measure the eco-efficiency (EE) of 64 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan region (BTHMR), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Zone (CCEZ) from 2006 to 2019. Secondly, this study puts forth a novel and comprehensive index system aimed at evaluating the urbanization efficiency and sheds light on the spatiotemporal changes in EE and urbanization efficiency. Finally, the STIRPAT model is used to examine the influencing factors of EE and to investigate the correlation between EE and urbanization efficiency. The study found that the overall EE of the four typical urban agglomerations is high, but the trend varies with a decrease of about 12.9% from 2006 to 2019. The mean EE is in the order of CCEZ > PRD > BTHMR > YRD, with mean values of 0.941, 0.909, 0.842, and 0.732, respectively. The level of science and technology and the urbanization efficiency have a significant positive impact on EE, while population, industrial structure, FDI, and greening level have an inhibitory effect on urban eco-efficiency. Based on the results, policy suggestions such as paying attention to regional heterogeneity and giving full play to the government's macro-regulatory role in shaping the economic and industrial structure are proposed to serve as a guide for the coordinated development of urban agglomerations under the Dual Carbon Target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technological innovation and the sustainable development of new urbanization are the key factors to promote national economic growth, and have a very important role in promoting regional development and international competitiveness. Based on the panel data of 16 cities in Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle from 2015 to 2022, this paper uses entropy weight method to determine the weight of each index and constructs a coupling coordination model to explore the sustainable development of scientific and technological innovation and new urbanization, the Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) model was used to further verify the interaction between the two. The empirical results show that the coupling coordination degree of scientific and technological innovation and new urbanization in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle is increasing year by year. There is a balanced relationship between scientific and technological innovation and new urbanization, and the two are two-way Granger causality. Therefore, the conclusion puts forward the practical enlightenment of increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, guiding enterprises to carry out scientific and technological innovation to feedback new urbanization and accelerate the construction of new urbanization, and actively integrating with urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of cultivated land utilization ecological efficiency is of great significance to China's food security and agricultural green and low-carbon development. Taking 47 cities (autonomous prefectures) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization from 2010 to 2020 was measured based on the unexpected output model (Super SBM), and the spatial correlation matrix was constructed using the revised gravity model. The structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network were analyzed using the social network model (SNA), and finally, the factors affecting the spatial correlation network of cultivated land utilization ecological efficiency in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed through the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) model. The results show that: (1) the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been increasing year by year, but the overall level is low, and there is a large gap among provinces. Sichuan Province has the highest average value of 0.605, and Yunnan Province has the lowest average value of 0.359. (2) The ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has broken through the provincial boundaries and has formed an obvious spatial correlation network, but the overall density is low, and the network is still relatively loose, needing further development and improvement. Chengdu, Yibin, Luzhou, and other cities are located in the center of the network and have formed four cohesive subgroups. (3)The differences in the level of agricultural economic development, the rural per capita disposable income, the differences in agricultural mechanization intensity, the regional population differences, and spatial adjacency have an impact on the spatial network of ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The difference in the level of agricultural economic development, the rural per capita disposable income, and the differences in agricultural mechanization intensity are negatively correlated, while the regional population differences are positively correlated with spatial adjacency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brownfields are an important part of urban land resources. Strengthening the governance and redevelopment of brownfields is significant to environmental protection, high-quality urban development and sustainable development. However, due to the complexity and harmfulness of brownfield pollution, the hasty, untimely, and blind development can cause serious consequences. It is infeasible to pay more attention to development than governance or vice versa. In this paper, aiming at brownfield redevelopment evaluation, we introduced the Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) system methodology, an oriental system thought combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, comprehensively analyzed the influencing factors of brownfields from three dimensions of Wuli, Shili and Renli, and constructed the evaluation index system of brownfield redevelopment. To avoid much subjectivity in the evaluation process, we established the evaluation model of brownfield redevelopment using the catastrophe progression method. Taking the renovation project of Shanghai Xintiandi in 1999–2001 as a reference, the evaluation index system and evaluation model were applied to the renovation project of Wenjia Street in Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China in 2022, and the results provided a good basis for the decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate short-term travel demand predictions of ride-hailing orders can promote the optimal dispatching of vehicles in space and time, which is the crucial issue to achieve sustainable development of such dynamic demand-responsive service. The sparse demands are always ignored in the previous models, and the uncertainties in the spatiotemporal distribution of the predictions induced by setting subjective thresholds are rarely explored. This paper attempts to fill this gap and examine the spatiotemporal sparsity effect on ride-hailing travel demand prediction by using Didi Chuxing order data recorded in Chengdu, China. To obtain the spatiotemporal characteristics of the travel demand, three hexagon-based deep learning models (H-CNN-LSTM, H-CNN-GRU, and H-ConvLSTM) are compared by setting various threshold values. The results show that the H-ConvLSTM model has better prediction performance than the others due to its ability to simultaneously capture spatiotemporal features, especially in areas with a high proportion of sparse demands. We found that increasing the minimum demand threshold to delete more sparse data improves the overall prediction accuracy to a certain extent, but the spatiotemporal coverage of the data is also significantly reduced. Results of this study could guide traffic operations in providing better travel services for different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effect of government supervision on the development of FFBS by analyzing massive travel information data. Our identification strategy exploits a natural experiment focusing on Mobike in Chengdu. We find that supervision does not necessarily suppress the development of FFBS. It also allows FFBS to increase its focus on alleviating the pressure of public transport and reducing the consumption of public resources. Moreover, we identify that the impact of government supervision on weekends is considerably more significant than on weekdays given that government supervision has a significant suppression effect on the FFBS travel behavior of scattered parking, leisure, and long distance. In contrast, the effect of government supervision on the FFBS travel behavior of commuting and schooling is not significant. We finally present implications for government and operators of FFBS, especially in developing countries, on the sustainable development of FFBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism has become an engine for economic growth, but its rapid expansion has also triggered global ecological issues. Tourism ecological security has become a crucial constraint on urban sustainable development. In this context, "all-for-one" tourism leverages its advantage in driving regional resource integration, promoting coordinated urban-rural development, and advancing the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the tourism ecological security of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from an "all-for-one" tourism perspective. It further dissects this framework into production and tourism ecological protection stages, evaluate the tourism ecological security level of this urban agglomeration from 2011 to 2020 through the dynamic super-efficiency network SBM (Slack-Based Measure) model, and explore the driving factors of the two stages by using geographical detectors. And the Dagum Gini coefficient is used to identify regional disparities. The results indicate that Chongqing has the highest tourism ecological security efficiency at 1.41, while Chengdu scores only 1.0, suggesting that Chengdu needs to prioritize ecological concerns compared to Chongqing. Furthermore, five cities have efficiency values below 1, highlighting the need for secondary cities to tap into their potential and strive for balanced development within the urban agglomeration. The paper proposes improvement frameworks tailored to each region's unique circumstances and offers relevant recommendations for governments, businesses, and the tourism industry, aiming to provide guidance for the sustainable development of urban ecology and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of urban renewal, brownfield restoration and renovation are of great significance to the sustainable development of cities. The structure-process-outcome theory was introduced into this study to improve the rationality and scientific vigor of the redevelopment assessment process and to evaluate whether brownfield sites meet the conditions for redevelopment. Based on this theory, the relationship among structures, processes and outcomes can be well elucidated. Specifically, a good structure should contribute to an effective process, which will increase the possibility of a favorable outcome. The basic conditions, practice principles, and result orientation in the whole procedure of brownfield redevelopment were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, a more complete and reasonable three-level evaluation index system for brownfield redevelopment was established. In order to reduce the subjectivity in the evaluation process, an unbiased scientific brownfield redevelopment evaluation model was constructed using the continuous ordered weighted averaging operator-topology method. The evaluation decision system was applied to the renovation of a tract project in Chengdu, China. The results proved that the model could effectively and accurately evaluate the quality level of the brownfield redevelopment project, and the proposed recommendations can provide a basis for decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the core concepts of park city is from form construction to ecological transformation and sustainable development, and it is also a new construction path proposed to address urban issues in the new era. As an important component of the ecosystem, urban wilderness is based on reconstructing the relationship between humans and nature, and has significant value in enhancing biodiversity, improving ecosystem services, and promoting human physical and mental health. This study proposes that urban wilderness can bring new ecological development models to the development of park city, play an important role in comprehensively improving the urban ecological environment, and further enrich the connotation of park city. Taking Yunshangbali · Exploration Park in Chengdu as an example, this study showcases the multiple values of wilderness through design practice and empowers the construction of park city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth simulation of urban underground space (UUS) under the consideration of ecological constraints can effectively reveal the characteristics and trends of UUS changes, and provide a basis for planning the construction of sustainable and livable ecological cities. Therefore, this study considers urban ecological space as a constraint mechanism for UUS development and conducts a simulation study of the dynamic and complex UUS growth process, with a view toward guiding UUS planning under a long-term overall vision. In this study, a patch-based cellular automaton (CA) model is constructed to simulate the dynamic and complex growth process of UUS, subject to the ecological constraints generated by the agent-based land allocation optimization model. The spatial drivers of UUS growth simulation are determined based on the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The results of the research case in Tianfu New District, Chengdu City, demonstrate that UUS expansion with ecological constraints exhibits sustainable characteristics. However, the growth rate of the UUS development scale is significantly lower when ecological constraints are present compared to when they are not. This study's results contribute to urban management by finding a balance between UUS development and ecological space conservation, and providing theoretical support for rational UUS planning and decision making in the construction of low-carbon cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban shrinkage has gradually become an issue of world-concerning social matter. As urbanization progresses, some Chinese cities are experiencing population loss and economic decline. Our study attempts to correct and integrate DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS data to complete the identification and measurement of shrinking cities in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). We identified 36 shrinking cities and 644 shrinking counties on the municipal and county scales. Based on this approach, we established the average urban shrinkage intensity index and the urban shrinkage frequency index, attempting to find out the causes of shrinking cities for different shrinkage characteristics, city types and shrinkage frequencies. The results show that (1) the shrinking cities are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, the midstream city cluster and the Chengdu–Chongqing economic circle. (2) Most shrinking cities have a moderate frequency of shrinking, dominated by low–low clusters. Resource-based, heavy industrial, small and medium-sized cities are more inclined to shrink. (3) The single economic structure, the difficulty of industrial transformation and the lack of linkage among county-level cities are possible reasons for the urban shrinkage in the YREB. Exploring the causes of urban shrinkage from a more micro perspective will be an inevitable task for sustainable development in YREB and even in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with die rapid development of urbanization in our country, academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement On this basis, this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature, history, culture and other factors. And then, it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban water security is an important part of urban ecological security, which is directly related to the sustainable development of urban society and economy. A comprehensive evaluation of the urban water security is a complex, vague and multi-level evaluation process. This paper presents a Vague set-based water security evaluation method and establishes a similarity measure model of Vague sets. AHP and Delphi methods are used to conduct index weighting in order to evaluate the level of urban water security assurance. The empirical study is done on the case study of Chengdu, China. Among the nine indexes of the city water security evaluation, the index values for socio-economic environment and socio-economic pressure are 0.24 and 0.41 respectively, which indicates that there is a relatively greater pressure on the city's social, economic and environmental pillars. The WSAI values of water resource index and water environment pressure are 0.94 and 0.96 respectively. These relatively higher values show that the city's water resources are relatively fully exploited and its environment is relatively well-protected. The similarity measure evaluation model of Vague sets can be used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of urban water security support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards and urbanization put enormous pressure on cities and affect their sustainable development. Against the backdrop of the increasingly prominent urban disease, a comprehensive urban vulnerability assessment has a positive effect on improving the quality of urbanization. In this study, prefecture-level cities in Southwest China were taken as the study area, and their vulnerability was studied dynamically from 2010 to 2019. The four major systems were integrated, and a comprehensive vulnerability evaluation index system was constructed. Game theory and TOPSIS were combined to minimize the impact of subjective factors on the results. The results indicate that the overall vulnerability of Southwest China shows an irregular downward trend and strong spatial heterogeneity. There are 5 cities with very high vulnerability and 1 with very low vulnerability in 2010, accounting for 15.15% and 3.03% of the total number of cities, respectively. In contrast, the results for 2019 are the opposite, with 1 city with very high vulnerability and 5 cities with very low vulnerability. The better the economic situation, the lower the urban vulnerability. And there is a non-strictly negative correlation between urban vulnerability and urban size. When the difference in size between two cities is large enough, the vulnerability of the larger city is significantly lower. Leading development cities such as Chengdu and Chongqing have low vulnerability, while high vulnerability is mainly distributed in cities with poor infrastructure. On the basis of results, the research can be regarded as reference for urban management and coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the recent green turn in China by investigating a large-scale urban greenway project. Using the perspective of the socio-ecological fix, we demonstrate that multi-scalar states strive to upgrade environmental quality. Specifically, the local state seizes the opportunity for 'ecological civilisation' envisioned by the central state to carry out green infrastructure development. We reveal complex motivations to incorporate ecological changes into entrepreneurial urban governance instead of encroaching greenspace for economic growth. Our state-centred analysis reveals that such an environmental strategy, the making of Chinese green urbanism, is promoted like a political mission, despite its operation by the development corporation. We argue that, while the socio-ecological fix facilitates capital accumulation, its deployment must be understood through state politics and actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated land is the principal land source for urban expansion. Recent large-scale urban expansion through the occupation of cultivated land has influenced regional food security and the realization of sustainable development goals. Based on data regarding the cultivated land occupied for urban construction in the Chengdu metropolitan area from 2000 to 2018, the spatio-temporal evolution of cultivated land occupied by urban expansion was analysed using the contribution index. Based on a model comparison, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was used to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and evolution path of significant driving factors. The results demonstrate that (1) the total area of cultivated land occupied by urban expansion from 2000 to 2018 was 470.528 km2 and mainly concentrated in the main urban area of Chengdu City and its surrounding districts and counties. The K value continued to decline from 93.23 to 37.48, indicating that the contribution of cultivated land in urban expansion is decreasing. (2) The GWR model, with a better fitting effect, demonstrates that the significant factors that influence the cultivated land occupied by urban expansion in the study area gradually shift from population aggregation factors to food safety and the proportion of non-farming population. (3) The evolution type of the driving force is mainly dominated by continuous change, and there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the evolution path. The population density → proportion of non-farm population → grain yield → comprehensive and proportion of cultivated land → per capita fixed asset investment → comprehensive → proportion of non-farm population were typical pathways. (4) Realizing the coordination between urban system structural optimization and cultivated land protection policies in the Chengdu metropolitan area is an important way to guarantee regional food and ecological security and promote the green and high-quality development of the metropolitan area. This study can promote coordination between urban expansion and cultivated land protection in metropolitan areas and provide a reference basis for sustainable economic and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of infrastructure mega-projects (IMPs) have been built worldwide over the past decades, that comprehensively assess the performance of operation and maintenance (O&M) are rare. This paper attempts to identify indicators to assess the O&M performance, literature review, document analysis, and Delphi method are used to determine 23 indicators, and an evaluation model combining entropy weight and improved D-S evidence theory was proposed. The indicator system and evaluation model can be validated by taking the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway as an example. The results revealed the comprehensive O&M performance of project is good, the evaluation grades of social relations, economic benefits and operational capability are all good, while the environmental benefits is fair. It is importance to reduce the negative impact on the surrounding environment, improve the utilization rate and enhance the sustainable development of the IMP. Furthermore, the improvement strategies of O&M performance were formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability assessments are an increasingly common tool for measuring progress towards sustainable development. Despite their popularity, sustainability assessments and the indicators that compose them are said to have had little impact on the policy arena. In this paper we discuss four attributes that we contend will improve the use of sustainability assessments to guide decision making: non-compartmentalization, site specificity, built-in guidance for target setting, and ability to measure active sustainability. We present a novel assessment tool for wastewater treatment infrastructure that illustrates these attributes. The assessment is composed of two-dimensional indicators we call “burden to capacity” ratios, that reveal and quantify the local value of resources embodied in wastewater and treatment byproducts, and the tradeoffs between designing systems for disposal versus reuse. We apply the sustainability assessment framework to an existing treatment plant in Chengdu, China and discuss the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Combining the ridesourcing trip records and POIs data to reveal users' trip purposes. • A data-driven method is used to identify hidden trip patterns without any assumption. • Understanding users' travel behaviors helps dynamically optimize vehicle resources. • Results also provide evidence for promoting sustainable mobility and sharing economy. Ridesourcing service has been playing an increasingly important role in urban travel, which it can be regard as a promising path towards urban sustainability because of its nature of "sharing". This paper investigated the travel behavior of ridesourcing users, by considering pick-up and drop-off locations fusing Didi ridesourcing data and online Point of Interest (POI) data based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. A case study was conducted in Chengdu, an Asian city. Firstly, the study area was tessellated with hexagons and then clustered into five hexagon types based on POI data. Then researchers analyzed information on spatial distribution of POI data in five hexagon types and temporal distribution of boarding and alighting ridership for five hexagon types. The validation results indicated that the expression "Nine to Ten" represents the mode of life for people in Chengdu. Ridesourcing is not yet being used as a commuter tool for most people. LDA model results also verified that many people work overtime in the evenings and especially on Saturday, even though Chengdu is often thought of as a "slow city". The study will be useful for practitioners and government to implement effective policies about multi-modal transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]