7 results on '"Cooke, A."'
Search Results
2. Gendered Parenthood Penalties and Premiums across the Earnings Distribution in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
- Author
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Cooke, Lynn Prince
- Subjects
PARENTHOOD ,WAGES ,SOCIAL problems - Abstract
Parenthood explains some of the gender earnings gap, but its effects differ among women and men and across countries. Wave 6 LIS data and regressions of the recentered influence function are used to compare effects of parenthood across the unconditional earnings distribution in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The three countries are considered more liberal welfare regimes, but still differ in within- and between-gender economic inequality. Australia has slightly greater income equality than the other two countries. Results reveal that fatherhood premiums and motherhood penalties are smaller in Australia, as are differences between the highest- and lowest-earning parents. Australian and British mothers are more likely to work part-time, but controlling for work hours, motherhood penalties in those countries are smaller across the bottom half of the distribution than in the United States. Motherhood penalties across the upper half of the earnings distribution are more similar in the three countries and decrease as earnings increase. The lowest-earning men in all three countries face small but significant fatherhood penalties, whereas high-earning British and US fathers garner significant premiums as compared with childless men. Parenthood penalties and premiums therefore reflect relative socio-economic (dis)advantage among both women and men, as well as between them. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Construction accident causality: learning from different countries and differing consequences.
- Author
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Gibb, Alistair, Lingard, Helen, Behm, Michael, and Cooke, Tracy
- Subjects
WORK-related injuries ,ACCIDENT investigation ,CONSTRUCTION industry accidents ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene - Abstract
Fundamental questions remain about the practical value and generalizability of accident causation frameworks for explaining construction accidents. Relevant causality literature is reviewed; three research projects compared and implications of accident causation theories for accident investigation and analysis discussed, particularly for accidents with differing consequences and in different national contexts. The effectiveness of the UK accident causality framework ConAC (Construction Accident Causality) in identifying occupational accident causes in different industry contexts (Australia and the USA) is evaluated; and the implications of the choice of theoretical framework in the analysis of construction accident causation considered. The ConAC framework was developed from a real-time analysis of 100 relatively minor construction accidents. The Australian study used this framework to analyse the National Coroners reports of 258 construction fatalities and the USA study used it to develop research instruments for interviews regarding 27 construction accidents of varying consequences. The results suggest that the ConAC framework is helpful for the analysis of the causes of accidents with outcomes of differing severity. The studies also suggest that it has international applicability despite differing occupational health and safety legislative contexts and industrial arrangements. Furthermore, significant learning can be obtained from considering underlying causes of accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ‘Informed and uninformed decision making’—Women's reasoning, experiences and perceptions with regard to advanced maternal age and delayed childbearing: A meta-synthesis
- Author
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Cooke, Alison, Mills, Tracey A., and Lavender, Tina
- Subjects
- *
INFORMED consent (Medical law) , *DECISION making , *PRENATAL care , *OBSTETRICS , *MATERNAL age , *HOSPITAL maternity services , *PREGNANCY , *QUALITATIVE research , *CINAHL database , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *NURSING databases , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *PATIENTS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EMPIRICAL research , *THEMATIC analysis , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Objectives: To identify what factors affect women's' decisions to delay childbearing, and to explore women's' experiences and their perceptions of associated risks. Design: Systematic procedures were used for search strategy, study selection, data extraction and analysis. Findings were synthesised using an approach developed from meta-ethnography. Data sources: We included qualitative papers, not confined to geographical area (1980–2009). Databases included CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, ASSIA, MIDIRS, British Nursing Index and the National Research Register. We selected qualitative empirical studies exploring the views and experiences of women of advanced maternal age who were childless or primigravidae with a singleton pregnancy or primiparous. Review methods: Twelve papers fulfilled the selection criteria and were included for synthesis. Results: Women appear to face an issue of ‘informed and uninformed decision making’; those who believe they are informed but may not be, those who are not informed and find out they are at risk once pregnant, and those who are well informed but choose to delay pregnancy anyway. Maternity services could provide information to enable informed choice regarding timing of childbearing. Conclusions: Health professionals need to be mindful of the fact that women delay childbearing for various reasons. A strategy of pre-conception education may be beneficial in informing childbearing decisions. Obstetricians and midwives should be sensitive to the fact that women may not be aware of all the risks associated with delayed childbearing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Indigenous well-being in four countries: An application of the UNDP'S Human Development Index to Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.
- Author
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Cooke, Martin, Mitrou, Francis, Lawrence, David, Guimond, Eric, and Beavon, Dan
- Subjects
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INDIGENOUS peoples , *HEALTH status indicators - Abstract
Background: Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand consistently place near the top of the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index (HDI) rankings, yet all have minority Indigenous populations with much poorer health and social conditions than non-Indigenous peoples. It is unclear just how the socioeconomic and health status of Indigenous peoples in these countries has changed in recent decades, and it remains generally unknown whether the overall conditions of Indigenous peoples are improving and whether the gaps between Indigenous peoples and other citizens have indeed narrowed. There is unsettling evidence that they may not have. It was the purpose of this study to determine how these gaps have narrowed or widened during the decade 1990 to 2000. Methods: Census data and life expectancy estimates from government sources were used to adapt the Human Development Index (HDI) to examine how the broad social, economic, and health status of Indigenous populations in these countries have changed since 1990. Three indices -- life expectancy, educational attainment, and income -- were combined into a single HDI measure. Results: Between 1990 and 2000, the HDI scores of Indigenous peoples in North America and New Zealand improved at a faster rate than the general populations, closing the gap in human development. In Australia, the HDI scores of Indigenous peoples decreased while the general populations improved, widening the gap in human development. While these countries are considered to have high human development according to the UNDP, the Indigenous populations that reside within them have only medium levels of human development. Conclusion: The inconsistent progress in the health and well-being of Indigenous populations over time, and relative to non-Indigenous populations, points to the need for further efforts to improve the social, economic, and physical health of Indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
6. Assessing a modified-AJCC TNM staging system in the New South Wales Cancer Registry, Australia.
- Author
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Lawrance, Sheena, Bui, Chau, Mahindra, Vidur, Arcorace, Maria, and Cooke-Yarborough, Claire
- Subjects
BREAST tumors ,COLON tumors ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LUNG tumors ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL societies ,MELANOMA ,PROSTATE tumors ,RECTUM tumors ,RESEARCH ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,TUMOR classification ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,EVALUATION research ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Background: In 2017, the New South Wales Cancer Registry (NSWCR) participated in a project, supported by Cancer Australia, aiming to provide national stage data for melanoma, prostate, colorectal, breast, and lung cancers diagnosed in 2011. Simplified business rules based on the American Joint Committee for Cancer (AJCC) Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage were applied to obtain Registry-Derived (RD) stage, defined as the best estimate of TNM stage at diagnosis using routine notifications available within cancer registries. RD-stage was compared with Degree of Spread (DoS), which has been recorded for all applicable cancers in NSWCR at a population-based level since 1972, and a summary AJCC-TNM stage group, which has been collected variably since 2006. For each of the five high incidence cancers, we compared the level of improvements RD-staging provided in terms of completeness and accuracy (alignment to more clinically relevant AJCC-TNM) over DoS.Methods: For each of the five cancers, stage data were extracted from NSWCR pre- and post- RD-staging to compare data completeness across all three staging systems. The alignment between DoS/RD-stage and AJCC-TNM was compared, as were the expected and observed cross-tabulated frequency distributions using a subset of NSWCR data. To determine differences between use of DoS, RD-stage, and AJCC-TNM in an epidemiological analysis, we compared survival models developed from each of the three stage variables.Results: We found RD-staging provided greatest stage data completeness and alignment to AJCC-TNM for prostate cancers, followed by breast, then melanoma and lung cancers. For colorectal cancer, summary stage from DoS was confirmed as an equivalent surrogate staging system to both AJCC-TNM and RD-stage.Conclusions: This analysis provides an evidence-based approach that can be used to inform decision-making for resource planning and potential implementation of a new stage data field in population-based cancer registries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Policy Regime Structuring of Class v. Gender Equality in Australia, Great Britain and the US.
- Author
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Cooke, Lynn and Sayer, Liana
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,INCOME inequality ,WOMEN'S employment - Abstract
We extend theory on how varieties of capitalism affect gender equality to propose that production regimes alter total household time in paid and unpaid labor, with implications for gender equality across social classes in the liberal market regimes of Australia, Great Britain and the US. In liberal market regimes, the reliance on market factors pulls both partners into employment, increasing average household time in paid labor, but greater returns to general education simultaneously widen the wage gap. Consequently, highly educated women in liberal market economies enjoy greater employment and domestic equality by spending more hours in paid labor and less time in unpaid. In contrast, low-educated women might be employed, but in more precarious positions with fewer paid hours simultaneous with retaining a greater domestic time burden. We test these hypotheses using data from the most recent waves of the Multinational Time Use Study for Australia, Great Britain and the US. Across the three countries, policy legacies vary the returns to education and wage inequality structuring household labor, enabling us to assess the sensitivity of our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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