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Organizations may hire newcomers as a source of creativity, bringing fresh ideas and novel solutions to benefit organizational performance. However, the conditions that foster newcomer innovation are not well understood. Drawing on behavioral plasticity and cue consistency theories, we investigate the combined influence of new job self-efficacy and two work design factors (work autonomy and work demands) affecting how supervisor creativity expectations (SCEs) translate into newcomers behaving innovatively. Two-wave data were collected from 108 graduates of a university in China. Results using reliability-corrected single indicator latent moderated structural equation modeling (RCSLMS) supported our hypotheses. Thus, SCEs predicted newcomer innovative behavior more strongly for newcomers with low new job self-efficacy. Moreover, supporting cue consistency theory, newcomers who perceived high SCEs and low new job self-efficacy demonstrated the highest level of innovative behavior when work autonomy was high or work demands were low. These results broaden the application of behavioral plasticity theory for understanding newcomer behaviors. Further, our findings emphasize the importance of consistent work environment cues to encourage newcomer innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economic rise in global economic platform empowered by the go-out strategy is its attempt to establish a global presence, through which it develops economic relations by launching China-led development and economic projects. This article focuses on China's Belt and Road Initiative, in particular the political significance of China's economic footprints in the Middle East, with a view of understanding the geopolitical tensions between China and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the job demands-resources and effort-reward imbalance models, this study investigates the mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and distributive justice in the relationships between line-manager support and employee wellbeing (job satisfaction, work engagement and physical health). Responses to a survey of 357 front-line workers in a Chinese manufacturer were analysed through structural equation modelling. We find, in this context, that line managers are a strong determinant of employee wellbeing when they foster the intrinsic motivation of employees and their perceptions of organisational justice. Such findings are helpful for our understanding of attitudes in the Chinese workforce and underline the value of analysing multiple mediating mechanisms and multiple wellbeing outcomes in human resource management-wellbeing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese foreign policy has multiple sources, and the incentives that are driving its behaviour have grown from the domestic/international, as well as from regional, economic, normative, multilateral, and cultural levels. Foreign policy-making in China is becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. This special issue is drawn from some edited papers presented in the joint workshop between Fudan and Durham Universities on Chinese foreign policy on 29-30 March 2010. By assessing the economic, domestic, regional, global and cultural sources of Chinese foreign policy, we aim to illustrate the various sources and to locate possible ways to consolidate the transitional process, and to spur future endeavour facing China's foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between two perspectives—China as a world factory and Chinese business knowledge—has been complicated by the ever greater tensions generated from the national—China—and the transnational actors—Chinese—in understanding the economic driving force behind the real meanings of the rise of China. The construction process of the rise of Chinese economic power puts the state in direct contact with regional and global economic/political changes. On the one hand, Chinese business knowledge, identities, economic and political interactions also give rise to the notion of network building and sub-regional development, which help transcend country-specific relations. On the other hand, the notion of the rise of China is still being re-constructed through the interplay between regional and global political economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of Greater China among the PRC, Hong Kong and Taiwan entails an emerging form of micro governance where an ecological evolution of sub-group interaction and crossover of economic and social activities has been generating a dynamic of change within the East Asian region. The constitution of Greater China by social, economic, political, business and even daily commuting creates some soul searching questions about the possible outcomes of their intense interaction. To what extent has integration been made within Greater China through these interactions? Is China the economic linchpin or does China need to cooperate in one way or another to facilitate the modes of economic development? What are the attitudes and strategies used by Hong Kong or Taiwan when confronted with such an economic cum social entity? More importantly, where, and, under what conditions, will the interactions among the PRC, Taiwan and Hong Kong lead to? In this paper, I am going to use a conceptual model which includes four interactions: integration, interdependence, identity and independence (Four Is) to capture the catalyst of change that collectively entails these intermingled economic, social and cultural elements. People who live in the vast context of this geographical region experience the change. Through daily interaction, they help write the context of change through business activities, investment, migration, trade, culture, academic exchange, political and social development along the Four Is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along the contemporary migration history of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, three distinctive images have been constructed through the interaction between the overseas Chinese and Mainland China. First, the image of involuntary migrant, formulated by their migration activity and the continuous remittance they sent back to their hometowns, closely linked to the political and social-economic disturbances in the early years of the twentieth century. Second, the image of the overseas Chinese as political revolutionary was heavily politicised by the revolutionary policies of Mainland China in the 1950s and 1960s. Third, through the operational means of foreign direct investment, the overseas Chinese image of economic energiser was re-focused and mirror-imaged with the imperative of the economic reform of Mainland China in the 1970s and 1980s. On the one hand, the images of involuntary migrant, political revolutionary and economic energiser of the Southeast Asian overseas Chinese describe their situational status. On the other hand, these images also reflect the contemporary historical development of Mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to analyse how and in what ways the Chinese diaspora interacts with globalisation in Southeast Asia through their economic and social capital. It explores the theories of globalisation and contrasts them with the thematic changes of Southeast Asia studies, and it conceptualises the economic power, the geographical dispersal nature and the social networking of Chinese diaspora in order to understand how a virtual nation is being constructed. It then examines empirical studies of that economic power using the specific case of Indonesia; comparative studies of Chinese companies in Southeast Asian countries; and foreign direct investment in China from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Finally, it surveys the building of the virtual community through ethnicity, languages, associations and Confucianism, from which social capital has been generated among the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to use the shark fin business in Hong Kong as a case to illustrate its challenge to international sustainability and global environmental governance. Regarding the commercial fishing of sharks and the degradation of the species, the paper begins with a survey of characteristics of sharks in the world and the responses from the international environmental agents. The authors will then detail their statistical findings, together with interviews with the shark fin manufacturers in Hong Kong. Their study began in 1999 and the statistical data ran from 1977 to 2001. Finally, the so-called ‘foodway’ in the consumption of shark fin will be discussed with a view to the international concerns over endangered species in general and sharks in particular. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the managerial values in the Peoples' Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Aspects of managerial values addressed in the study; Effects of the political and economic systems on the divergence in management practices across the three regions; Impact of differing subcultures on their respective management styles.

Analyses the 1993 Chinese Taxation Reform. Indication that the 1993 taxation reform was a product of the previous immature reforms; Identification of the four periods which the taxation reforms after 1978 could be broadly divided into; Feature of China's taxation system.

This paper explores the facilitation of market forces in the transformation of Chinese society. Since 1978, economic openness has become China's macro-policy trajectory. In principle, market-oriented policy has been used as the linchpin of growth, as market behavior gives rise to opportunities for access, the enlargement of goals through production and consumption, and a manifest orientation that envisions change. Consequently, the statement "the state practices a socialist market economy" was added to China's constitution at the First Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 29, 1993. This paper is divided into three sections. First, a brief illustration of market economy theories will be provided. Second, a framework will be put forward in order to understand the phenomenal changes of China's attitudes in four aspects as it moves toward a market economy. Third, some implications of China's movement toward a market economy will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of the dispute over intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement between China and the United States goes beyond ordinary trade friction. The notion of Chinese infringement on intellectual products gives rise to this academic inquiry, which will use the concept of social cost in deriving a possible resolution of the dispute. This paper attempts to investigate how and by what way harmful externalities (i.e., infringement of U.S. IPR) can be internalized through price mechanisms. The first section focuses on the historical development, the process of dispute, and the immediate consequences, including the fundamental arguments and both sides' short-term solution; hence, it indicates the need for seeking a workable long-term solution. The second section deals with the rationale and the logic of using social cost analysis in this specific dispute. The final section puts forward policy implications and suggestions to the Chinese government, in light of international standards and understanding the nature of market economy. The IPR dispute between China and the United States could allow China to learn more about a market economy's underlying principles rather than self-indulgently going on its own way of market socialism. If China wants to be accepted as part of world society, it must accommodate with capitalism's ingredients and codes of conduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: This was a case-control study.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the body composition and its correlation with leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and compared with healthy controls.Summary Of Background Data: Patients with AIS are associated with lower body weight, taller stature, lower body mass index (BMI), and deranged bone quality. Despite the widely reported lower BMI and body weight in girls with AIS, the body composition of these patients was not thoroughly studied with sufficient sample size. Leptin is an important factor in regulating energy and bone metabolism, and has been postulated as one of the etiologic factors of AIS.Methods: One hundred forty-eight AIS and 116 control girls aged 12 to 14 were recruited. Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Caloric intake and physical activity level were assessed by food frequency and Baecke questionnaires respectively. Serum total leptin and sOB-R levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and free leptin index was calculated.Results: AIS girls had lower body weight and BMI, other anthropometric and sexual maturity parameters were comparable with controls. There were no difference in caloric intake and physical activity levels. After adjustment for physical activity level, AIS girls had lower skeletal muscle mass, lower body fat, and %body fat. Higher sOB-R and lower free leptin index were found in AIS girls after adjusted for age and body weight. Weaker correlations between serum total leptin, FLI, and body composition parameters were observed in AIS girls.Conclusion: Results suggested that the lower body weight in AIS girls was contributed by both lower skeletal muscle mass and lower body fat. Altered leptin bioavailability also exists in AIS girls and could lead to lower body weight, lower BMI, and abnormal body composition that were manifested in AIS simultaneously.Level Of Evidence: 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper applies a system dynamics model for the sustainable land use and urban development in Hong Kong. The model is used to test the outcomes of development policy scenarios and make forecasts. It consists of five sub-systems including population, economy, housing, transport and urban/developed land, respectively. Two distinctively different development schemes concerning urban population density are simulated by the model and the findings are undertaken to verify the model through comparison with historical data and sensitivity check. The forecast timeframe is then expanded from 40 years to 300 years, providing a simulation period long enough to observe and study the “limits to growth” phenomenon and the impacts on development potential of Hong Kong. The modelling results are directly useful to compare different dynamic consequences brought by various policies and decisions, and are thus of great significance to achieving the goal of sustainable land use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]