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Aim: With industrialization and spread of the westernized lifestyle, the number of people affected by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is growing rapidly in China; this has become a major public health concern. To better understand the burden and characteristics of NAFLD/NASH in China, we aim to perform a narrative review of the literature published in this field. Materials and Methods: We carried out a comprehensive electronic search of five English‐language and three Chinese‐language databases, to identify studies regarding NAFLD or NASH published from inception to November 30, 2022. Epidemiological studies of NAFLD/NASH in China were particularly noticed and summarized. We also searched the www.clinicaltrials.gov and www.chictr.org.cn websites for the registered trials on the treatment of the disease led by Chinese investigators or located in China. Results: The increasing rate of NAFLD prevalence in China is strikingly high, reaching more than twice that in western countries. The prevalence of NAFLD is nearly 30% of the general Chinese population, making it the leading cause of chronic liver diseases. The prevalence of NAFLD/NASH varies between provinces/regions, age groups, sexes, and individuals with different metabolic profiles. NAFLD co‐exists in many Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Since 2020, more Chinese studies have used the term metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), emphasizing the underlying metabolic disorders that occur concurrently with this disease. Several clinical trials involving lifestyle interventions, antidiabetic drugs, or traditional Chinese medicines, registered by Chinese investigators, have been completed or are ongoing. Moreover, several innovative targeted therapies developed in China are revolutionizing the treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Conclusions: NAFLD has cast a heavy burden on the Chinese healthcare system. Chinese scholars are making efforts to achieve the optimal management of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is associated with poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, little is known on the impact of undiagnosed diabetes in the COVID-19 population. We investigated whether diabetes, particularly undiagnosed diabetes, was associated with an increased risk of death from COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective study identified adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital (Wuhan) from January 28 to April 4, 2020. Diabetes was determined using patients' past history (diagnosed) or was newly defined if the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level at admission was ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (undiagnosed). The in-hospital mortality rate and survival probability were compared between the non-diabetes and diabetes (overall, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes) groups. Risk factors of mortality were explored using Cox regression analysis. Results: Of 373 patients, 233 were included in the final analysis, among whom 80 (34.3%) had diabetes: 44 (55.0%) reported a diabetes history, and 36 (45.0%) were newly defined as having undiagnosed diabetes by HbA1c testing at admission. Compared with the non-diabetes group, the overall diabetes group had a significantly increased mortality rate (22.5% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the overall, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes groups displayed lower survival probability in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (all p < 0.01). Using multivariate Cox regression, diabetes, age, quick sequential organ failure assessment score, and D-dimer ≥1.0 μg/mL were identified as independent risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: The prevalence of undiagnosed pre-existing diabetes among patients with COVID-19 is high in China. Diabetes, even newly defined by HbA1c testing at admission, is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. Screening for undiagnosed diabetes by HbA1c measurement should be considered in adult Chinese inpatients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tianhuashan Basin is one of the most important volcanic basins in the northern Wuyi, southeastern China, comprising two successive volcanic units, the Daguding Formation and the overlying Ehuling Formation, along with several small associated igneous intrusions. The Lengshuikeng super-large-scale Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, which is closely related to these volcanic-intrusive rocks, is located in the northwestern part of the basin. In order to understand the basin evolution and magmatism, we determined LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages for the volcanic successions and associated intrusive rocks. U-Pb zircon dating of volcanic units yielded precise ages of 144±1 Ma for crystal tuff in the lower member of the Daguding Formation, 142±1 Ma for andesite within the upper member of the Daguding Formation, 140±1 Ma for tuffite of the first (i.e., lowermost) member of the Ehuling Formation, and 137±1 Ma for rhyolitic ignimbrite within the third volcano-stratigraphic member of the Ehuling Formation. Three types of intrusive igneous rocks (quartz syenite porphyry, K-feldspar granite porphyry, and rhyolite porphyry) yielded precise weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 144±1, 140±1, and 140±1 Ma, respectively, suggesting that these intrusions along with the aforementioned volcanics were all emplaced during the Early Cretaceous. In addition, the weighted mean Pb/U ages determined on zircon from two samples of a granite porphyry intrusion, which hosts ore mineralization of the Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, are 158±1 and 157±1 Ma, indicating emplacement in the Late Jurassic. These new geochronological results for igneous rocks of the Tianhuashan Basin constrain the timing of volcanic and plutonic activity in the basin, and have important implications for our understanding the tectonic history of the region, and for identifying metallogenic types and the timing of ore deposition of the Lengshuikeng deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in livestock and related workers in four Chinese provinces and the characteristics of these isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We characterized 44 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from Tongji Hospital outpatients in Wuhan, China, May 2002-October 2005. All 31 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were also resistant to >8 other antimicrobial drugs and carried >2 mutations in GyrA and 1 mutation in ParC. Class 1 integrons were identified in 37 isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]