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With the development of human society and the acceleration of urbanization, the impact of construction projects on the ecological environment is increasingly attracting attention. Conducting an ecological environmental impact assessment of construction projects is crucial to protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development. To estimate how construction projects would affect the value of ecosystem services, this paper develops the China Land Use Feature Data Sets (CLUFS) and uses the Beijing "One Line Four Mines" project as an example. Research found that the project's conservation and restoration zone and the landscape construction zone will significantly enhance the ecosystem regulation services value. The conservation and restoration zone will increase by 30% from the current 1.413 billion yuan per year to 1.836 billion yuan per year, and the landscape construction zone will increase by 69% from the current 400 million yuan per year to 676 million yuan per year. The tourism development zone, dominated by urban construction, will result in a decrease in ecosystem regulation services, from 19.26 million yuan per year to 17.60 million yuan per year by 9%. Overall, the "One Line Four Mines" project achieved a balance of ecological value and surplus. The method proposed in this paper for predicting the impact of ecosystem regulation services value on construction projects can be used to quickly evaluate the effects of different planning schemes on the ecosystem services value of land parcels to help urban planning decision-makers control the condition of land use. It can provide new indicators for the ecological environment department to incorporate ecological benefits into the evaluation system of planning schemes and new methods for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the 14th Five-Year Plan for Development, China is promoting people-oriented urban regeneration for residential communities built before 2000. Evaluations of quality of life (QoL) and considerations of social sustainability must play an important role in defining people-oriented regeneration projects. Residents' satisfaction is an important indicator of QoL and is essential for achieving socially sustainable development. To contribute to the ongoing discussion about people-oriented urban regeneration, this paper studies the correlation between QoL and social sustainability, investigating residents' perception in high-density communities through a satisfaction evaluation approach based on the QoL index. Two high-density communities in Suzhou were analyzed: Nanhuan, a high-rise, gated community in one of the first expansions of the city in the 80s; and Daoqian, a multi-story, non-gated community in the old town. Both communities have a typical urban morphology and were selected for their exemplary characteristics. The study used a mixed research method: field investigation, on-site interviews, and a survey with over 670 questionnaires conducted and analyzed. It also applied the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to explore and define the satisfaction evaluation factors. The two communities expressed concerns about different factors: in the case of the Nanhuan community, property management and spatial scenario creation were emphasized, whereas in the case of the Daoqian community, unrestricted space mobility, poor existing conditions, and the demand for various facilities and recreation spaces were most prominent. The research found that improving community environmental quality and facilities would, as one would expect, improve residents' satisfaction in both communities. Still, our research also clearly indicated that diversified spatial activities, currently missing in both cases, and more opportunities for social interaction would enhance residents' satisfaction. The findings of this study offer some insights regarding socially sustainable community regeneration, as well as decision-making processes and design strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic that originated in China in December 2019. Although extensive research has been performed on SARS-CoV-2, the binding behavior of spike (S) protein and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 at different environmental conditions have yet to be studied. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature, fatty acids, ions, and protein concentration on the binding behavior and rates of association and dissociation between the S protein and RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and the hydrophobic aminopropylsilane (APS) biosensors using biolayer interferometry (BLI) validated with molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest three conditions—high ionic concentration, presence of hydrophobic fatty acids, and low temperature—favor the attachment of S protein and RBD to hydrophobic surfaces. Increasing the temperature within an hour from 0 to 25 °C results in S protein detachment, suggesting that freezing can cause structural changes in the S protein, affecting its binding kinetics at higher temperature. At all the conditions, RBD exhibits lower dissociation capabilities than the full-length S trimer protein, indicating that the separated RBD formed stronger attachment to hydrophobic surfaces compared to when it was included in the S protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mathematical model of the Green Multi-Objective IPPS (GMOIPPS) problem is established with the objectives of minimizing the makespan, total carbon emission and total tardiness. • A two-stage solution framework for GMOIPPS problem based on NSGA-II is designed. Three integrated strategies are designed to implement information interaction between the two stages. • An improved NSGA-II with N5 neighborhood structure is designed to find the non-dominated scheduling plans in JSP stage. Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling (IPPS) problem is an urgent problem to be solved in manufacturing system. In green manufacturing mode, there are also some green indicators to be considered in the process planning stage and scheduling stage, such as energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this paper, the mathematical model of the Green Multi-Objective IPPS (GMOIPPS) problem is established with the objectives of minimizing the makespan, total carbon emission and total tardiness. A two-stage solution framework for GMOIPPS problem based on NSGA-II is designed. The basic NSGA-II is employed to optimize the flexible process planning stage, which provide the near-optimal process plans for job shop scheduling stage dynamically. An improved NSGA-II with N5 neighborhood structure is designed to find the non-dominated scheduling plans in JSP stage. Three integrated strategies are designed to implement information interaction between the two stages. Different instances are constructed to verify the validity of the proposed methods. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed optimization method can effectively solve GMOIPPS problem. The proposed method has also been applied on a real-world case from a battery packaging machinery workshop in China. The results show that the proposed method can handle real-world cases effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 30 m vertical drawdown water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) was formed annually due to seasonal water impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in Southwest China. In this study, a super site in downstream of WLFZ, ∼200 km off the Three Gorges Dam, was used to investigate the seasonally gas-particle partitioning and air-water exchange of USEPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 PAHs). The average concentrations of 16 PAHs in the particle phase were 66.63 ± 9.15 ng/m3 in winter and 8.43 ± 2.95 ng/m3 in summer. In the gas phase, they were 28.47 ± 4.79 ng/m3 in winter and 10.57 ± 1.51 ng/m3 in summer. In the dissolved phase of surface water, they were 38.65 ± 6.37 ng/L in winter and 56.53 ± 8.86 ng/L in summer. The logarithmic gas-particle partitioning coefficient (lg K p) was negatively correlated with the logarithmic subcooled liquid vapor pressure (lg P L 0). While the lg K p was positively correlated with logarithmic octanol-air distribution coefficient (lg K O A ). These two regressions both indicated un-equilibrium of gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in the atmosphere. Applying "Whitman two-film resistance model" to our datasets shows that 3-ring PAHs had a net volatilization from water to air (2.74–6.43 ng/m2/d), and 4 ∼ 5-ring PAHs favored deposition from air to water (−0.614 to −0.413 ng/m2/d). The water as a potential 'source' for 3-ring and a 'sink' for 4 ∼ 5-ring PAHs was thereby revealed. The results of this study are crucial for understanding atmospheric gas-particle partitioning of PAHs and for revealing the factors and mechanisms governing their geochemical cycling at air and water interfaces. [Display omitted] • Un-equilibrium gas-particle partitioning of PAHs were revealed in the atmosphere of TGR region. • 3-Ring PAHs favored volatilization from water into air while 4 ∼ 5-ring PAHs favored deposition from air into water. • The water could be a potential 'source' for 3-ring PAHs and a 'sink' for 4 ∼ 5-rings in the TGR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) has been found to be an abundant organosulfur aerosol compound in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region with a measured maximum daily mean concentration of up to 10 μg per cubic meter in winter. However, the production medium of HMS in aerosols is controversial, and it is unknown whether chemical transport models are able to capture the variations of HMS during individual haze events. In this work, we modify the parametrization of HMS chemistry in the nested-grid GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, whose simulations provide a good account of the field measurements during winter haze episodes. We find the contribution of the aqueous aerosol pathway to total HMS is about 36% in winter in Beijing, due primarily to the enhancement effect of the ionic strength on the rate constants of the reaction between dissolved formaldehyde and sulfite. Our simulations suggest that the HMS-to-inorganic sulfate ratio will increase from the baseline of 7% to 13% in the near future, given the ambitious clean air and climate mitigation policies for the BTH region. The more rapid reductions in emissions of SO 2 and NO x compared to NH 3 alter the atmospheric acidity, which is a critical factor leading to the rising importance of HMS in particulate sulfur species.

Particulate nitrate plays an increasingly important role in the formation of air pollution process, while the main mechanisms of nitrate concentration change are different in each stage, same as the driving factors. In this study, we proposed an episode-based analysis to illustrate the typical nitrate evolution patterns and identify the possible impacting factors in different evolution stages. Applying into twelve air pollution episodes, three typical patterns of nitrate evolution were abstracted, and the corresponding conceptual models were constructed. All the pollution episodes were grouped by their evolving shapes, which were driven by physical and chemical processes. Episodes started slowly typically arose from gradual pollutant accumulation, both locally and regionally, and chemical formation under high humidity. Type 1 ("hump-shaped type"), accounting for 66.3 % of the total episode durations, including two "peak" concentrations, displays a rapid growth rate which could up to 4.6 μg m -3 h -1 in average, mainly relying on the sharp drop in the planetary boundary layer height. Short scavenging processes and thoroughly dissipated stages of the pollution episodes always accompanied by strong north wind affected by Siberia-Mongolia cold current. Type 2 ("triangle-shaped type", 24.3 %) shows a gentle growth rate and short duration. Compared with Type 1, chemical process may be more important "source" for the increase of nitrate concentration during Type 2. Type 3 ("trapezoid-shaped type", 9.4 %) presents a long platform stage, during which high humidity (RH > 90 %) provides favorable conditions for wet removal and secondary production, and the updraft can carry pollutants to high altitude. The source and sink are roughly balanced for Type 3. Our study highlights the importance of pattern identification for understanding the nitrate evolution behavior, it may also provide insights for pollution prediction and scientific mitigation strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A bibliometric analysis of published papers with the key words "positive matrix factorization" and "source apportionment" in 'Web of Science', reveals that more than 1000 papers are associated with this research and that approximately 50% of these were produced in Asia. As a receptor-based model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been widely used for source apportionment of various environmental pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as inorganic cations and anions in the last decade. In this review, based on the papers mainly from 2008 to 2018 that focused on source apportionment of pollutants in different environmental media, we provide a comparison and summary of the source categories of typical environmental pollutants, with a special focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), apportioned using PMF. Based on the statistical average, coal combustion and vehicular emission, are shown to be the two most common sources of PAHs, and contribute much more to emissions than other sources, such as biomass burning, biogenic sources and waste incineration. Heavy metals were mainly from agricultural activities, industrial and vehicular emissions and mining activities. Quantitative source apportionment on pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter were also apportioned, showing a prominent contribution from fossil-fuel combustion. We conclude that, aside from natural sources, abatement strategies should be focused on changes in energy structure and industrial activities, especially in China. Source apportionment of typical POPs including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is less comprehensive and further study is required.

Objectives: Bacterial micro-organisms from the genus Bacillus have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Bacillus velezensis has been extensively used as a biocontrol agent in the agricultural field. In the present study, B. velezensis strain C4341 was isolated from saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China, producing a wide range of antifungal compounds of different structures., Methods: The whole genome of B. velezensis C4341 was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing system, was assembled using SOAPdenovo and was optimised with GapCloser., Results: The genome size of strain C4341 was calculated at 3 963 750bp with a G+C content of 46.4%. The whole genome was assembled into 4019 open reading frames (ORFs), of which 5.9% and 1.6% were related to antagonistic secondary metabolites and antimicrobial resistance, respectively., Conclusion: The whole genome sequence of B. velezensis C4341 will be beneficial in comparative analysis of the genus Bacillus and shows future prospects in antifungal application for sustainable agriculture., (Copyright © 2019 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)