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Ciguatera, a global issue, lacks adequate capacity for ciguatoxin analysis in most affected countries. The Caribbean region, known for its endemic ciguatera and being home to a majority of the global small island developing states, particularly needs established methods for ciguatoxin detection in seafood and the environment. The radioligand receptor binding assay (r-RBA) is among the in vitro bioassays currently used for ciguatoxin analysis; however, similarly to the other chemical-based or bioassays that have been developed, it faces challenges due to limited standards and interlaboratory comparisons. This work presents a single laboratory validation of an r-RBA developed in a Cuban laboratory while characterizing the performance of the liquid scintillation counter instrument as a key external parameter. The results obtained show the assay is precise, accurate and robust, confirming its potential as a routine screening method for the detection and quantification of ciguatoxins. The new method will aid in identifying high-risk ciguatoxic fish in Cuba and the Caribbean region, supporting monitoring and scientific management of ciguatera and the development of early warning systems to enhance food safety and food security, and promote fair trade fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrarian Extension is subject to a wide range of interpretations, some complementary, others contradictory. An Agrarian Extension System is characterized by its approach, the objective and the place that each participant occupies in the extension practice. In addition, it conditions the work of the participatory extensionist he could be specialized or generalist, in correspondence with the participatory or vertical approach. Cuban information and experiences were reviewed, with the objective of knowing how some generalist and participatory paradigms are manifested in agricultural extension practices developed in Cuba. The analysis showed that it is currently accepted that, in order to achieve an important transformation of the agrarian and rural environment, the action of all the actors that affect agriculture must be promoted and considers this as an integral system. Despite the fact that generalist and participatory extension practices have existed, and do exist, in Cuba, at the present they are not integrally generalized in the country's agriculture system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The article addresses to problem of evaluate productions growth possibilities in chemical industry. A heuristic procedure is proposed that includes possibilities of a new investment or modernizing and intensifying an existing installation evaluation. Specifically, the possible solution for sulfuric acid production is analyzed, in which the existence of an industrial facility in Matanzas province, Cuba, founded in the 1940s plays a key role. Objective: To apply an elaborated strategy to increase the availability of a chemical product with minimal investment expenses on scientifically founded bases. Materials and Methods: A methodology is proposed that is applicable to the country problem solution. The methodology consists of several stages that allow: problem determination, problem magnitude measurement, chemical products mesh definition, technological study, plants to satisfy needs of these products' existence or not, as well as the need to modify them or to make new investments and to carry out the investment technical economic study. Results and Discussion: The studied process of Matanzas' sulfuric acid plant is a typical case in which an installation modernization is required. The proposed methodology is applicable to evaluate alternatives for chemical industry development. Conclusions: The proposed methodology is applicable to evaluate alternatives for chemical industry development. The studied process in Matanzas' sulfuric acid plant is a typical case in which an installation modernization is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop an improvement strategy on research, innovation and quality of health, based on technology watch adoption. Method: A non experimental study that comprehends descriptive and bibliometric analysis was used, along with the implementation of technology watch procedure to support the strategy. Originality/Relevance: Technology watch along with strategic intelligence are acknowledged to be key tools in innovation processes as well as in strengthening National Science Technology and Innovation Systems (Guagliano, Villanueva, Perez and Sánchez Rico, 2019); its use has spread to numerous public and private companies, government agencies, consulting institutions, universities and research centers which are being interested in anticipating the continous and emerging challenges from the changing environment and hence making proper strategic decisions (Guagliano, Massaro and Rodríguez Bianchi, 2015); particularly in health care its applications are extended to technology assessment, care services improvement and academic research capacity planning and strengthening (Carrillo Zambrano, Páez Leal, Suárez and Luna-González, 2018). Specifically, Research, Quality and Innovation management at a local health system in Cuba, needs to generate high value-added information and knowledge to enhance performance and accurate decision making. Results: Here we show how the development of technology watch enhance and support the formulation of research, development and innovation projects; and standardization of healthcare services and processes, which were selected as relevant variables in a previous prospective study. Social / management contributions: The results are aligned with the Cuban healthcare strategic goals, for among its current demands, it prioritizes the generation of high-impact scientific and innovative results, as well as the development of a quality strategy that portrays, among its core objectives, health services continuous improvement, based on developing standards, Clinical Practice Guidelines and therapeutic protocols. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The adoption of Technology and Innovation management and knowledge-based techniques may offer valuable benefits within research and quality of healthcare context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist different sources that produce the new scientific and technological knowledge. We may highlight among them research in basic, social and applied sciences carried out by universities and other research centers. Transference of technology is one of the key activities carried out by universities nowadays and which favorably influence on the economic and social development of the communities and of the country. The present paper exhibits the study made, using as the main informative source the results obtained through a survey applied to a group of Colombian universities. These surveys collect information on different aspects with the aim to identify the situation of the offices of technologies transference, or similar structures in Colombian Universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009 the International Project BIOMAS-CUBA is being executed. This is focused on biomass use as renewable energy source, on contributing to improve living conditions and attaining the coexistence between mitigation and adaptation to climate change, feeding security and energetic sustainability in rural areas. BIOMAS-CUBA covers the production and utilization of biodiesel and biogas, biomass gasification and the production of bioproducts. The project is directed at the integrated production of foods and energy in the context of agroenergetic farms of agro-ecological basis, with the purpose of participating in local development. It promotes a local agricultural innovation model, with large involvement of producers and impact studies. Its phase 1 was executed in 87 scenarios of five Cuban provinces making possible the sowing of 109 ha of Jatropha curcas L. associated to cultures, the installation of a plant of biodiesel production (105 600 liters/year) and two biomass gasifiers for generating electricity, the construction of 69 biodigestors and the installation of 52 plants for the production of the IHplus bioproduct of wide spectrum of agricultural use -in nine provinces-, with 3.4 benefit/cost, included the investment. If phase 1 was centered on the promotion of agroenergetic farms, the II (2012-2015) is directed at the formulation and implementation of local strategies of integrated production of foods and energy in six municipalities, accompanying the governments and other actors, as well as to attain greater incidence in national, regional and local policies, associated with food security, renewable energies and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuba coexist in many and varied forms of extension with the mission of contributing to the development of competitive and sustainable forms of production, which is an objective of working in the field of economic and social development. Based on this concept, the overall objective of this research was to analyze some of the extension forms that exist in Cuba. The critical analysis of the theoretical foundations correctly identified the lack of an agricultural extension model according to the needs of Cuban agriculture, for which suggests a reciprocal training process, which helps to acquire the knowledge to understand why and how the use and management of extension forms practiced in the country. Research centers in the country, extension perform different actions that respond to various programs and projects, but responsiveness still fails to solve the problems that arise in the manufacturing sector according to their requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transference of technologies of the university to the sugar industry the Cuban is indented to lift the levels of production and of services of the society present-day and he calls for bigger integration of knowledge for it. The developed investigation comes from the transactional descriptive, patterned factfinding type integrated by techniques like the analysis of semantic contents, based in Kockelmans valuation method, 1975. They expose the benefits that come from the transference of technologies of the university to the sugar industry focused to the Valuable Nets like a jump to the society of knowledge. The Cuban, sharing resources gets for herself the construction of theoretic definitions that help to understand and to appraise the importance of the use of Valuable Nets like mechanism that contributes to the integration of knowledge among the university and sugar industry and to complement him mutually to obtain competitive advantages, and contributing to the bringing up to date of the economic model Cuban, pass mark during the 6to Congress of Party Communist of Cuba. Finally, the Model of valuable Nets that permits his materialization, the general procedure are offered, and a sign of results obtained with his application to depart of the technological transference that University of Holguin "Oscar Lucero Moya" to enterprise sugar mill "Jesus Rabbi" of the municipality of Calimete at Matanzas province. It is been able to describe the influence that exercises the Valuable Nets in the transference of technologies in present-day achievements attained by this enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes occurred in Cuban agriculture at the end of the 20th century caused the rupture of the paradigm based on import dependence, for which it became necessary to begin building a new technical-economic model based on endogenous development, associated to the promotion of innovative capacities and sustainable technologies; this demanded that knowledge-development centers focused on the application of innovations, through adequate rural extension processes. In this sense, the Experimental Station "Indio Hatuey" focused the efforts on the promotion of innovation processes in Cuban livestock production, which were enhanced at the beginning of the first decade of this millennium, when a turn occurred in the conventional technology transference system to promote innovation and rural local development. Outstanding examples of the application of this approach are: the Livestock Production Development Program in the Mart' municipality, the enhancement of the processes of local agricultural innovation and of promotion of local innovation systems in the cooperative and farmer sector of Matanzas province, as well as the integrated food and energy production on agroecological bases in five Cuban provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los cambios acontecidos en la agricultura cubana a finales del siglo XX provocaron la ruptura del paradigma basado en la dependencia de importaciones, por lo que se precisó comenzar a construir un nuevo modelo técnico-económico sobre la base del desarrollo endógeno, asociado al fomento de capacidades innovadoras y de tecnologías sostenibles; ello exigió que los centros de desarrollo de conocimiento se centraran en la aplicación de innovaciones, mediante adecuados procesos de extensión rural. En este sentido, la Estación Experimental "Indio Hatuey" concentró los esfuerzos en el fomento de los procesos de innovación en la ganadería cubana, que fueron potenciados a inicios de la primera década del actual milenio cuando se dio un giro en el sistema convencional de transferencia tecnológica para fomentar la innovación y el desarrollo local rural. Ejemplos destacados de la aplicación de este enfoque son: el Programa de Desarrollo Agropecuario en el municipio Martí, el fortalecimiento de los procesos de innovación agropecuaria local y de fomento de sistemas locales de innovación en el sector cooperativo y campesino de la provincia de Matanzas, así como la producción integrada de alimentos y energía sobre bases agroecológicas en cinco provincias cubanas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis of industrial property management in the context of joint ventures in Cuba, as the main form of foreign investment. We describe the assumptions that can come into this business, on industrial property. The different scenarios are addressed from the doctrinal, legislative perspectives and enriched with the author's assessment criteria based on practical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology transfer is common today in most of the technological processes in developed and developing sub. The implementation of mechanisms for technology transfer in the fermentation process is performed with a high risk in their implementation, given the degree of uncertainty that run, which causes the effectiveness of it is reduced by a large percent. This work establishes a methodology to implement technology transfer, considering the uncertainty in fermentation processes allow us to establish properly the way to run this activity with a reduced risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis about the Technological and Knowledge Management in the Sugar Mill "Perucho Figueredo" is shown. The most important aspects about the technologies transfer are discussed exemplifying with the development of Research Projects. These projects are conceived as vehicle of the technological and knowledge transfer with a focus in the Integration University -- Enterprise, conducting to an increment of the competitiveness of the Sugar Mill "Perucho Figueredo". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical theoretical and practical analysis of the concepts of innovation, extension work, and transfer of technology is performed. According to them and their methodological basis and limitations, some alternatives of the linear model of technology transfer are provided. An alternative proposal of innovation is discussed, in which the development of effective alliances and the understanding and synthesis of shared insights are key to face challenges and problems of the environment, more complex and changing every time. Finally, some emerging ideas are provided about a new methodological proposal to manage processes of innovation at local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the experience of a program for local food production in the Yaguajay municipality, Sancti Spiritus province, which can be reference for other municipalities with similar characteristics. Such program involves the livestock production and mixed crops enterprises, livestock production and forestry enterprise, as well as farmer cooperatives. It is developed in the context of the Yaguajay Macroproject, from the ECOCIST complex, which integrates Higher Education-Knowledge-Technology-Innovation-Society to enhance the interrelations with knowledge institutions in the process of their social appropriation in one territory. The integral program for local food production emerges in 2004, has 29 tasks, inserted in four subprograms (Livestock Production, Mixed Crops, Forestry and Fruits, and Industry); it is executed through projects and gives priority to technology adoption and training, from the interaction with universities, research centers and other organizations. Among the results stand out the self-supply of fresh milk, improvement of cattle and its feeding base, development of sheep, pig and rabbit livestock, National Reference municipality in Urban Agriculture, biopesticide production and elimination strategy of undesirable ligneous plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo brinda la experiencia de un programa para la producción local de alimentos en el municipio Yaguajay, provincia de Sancti Spíritus, que puede servir de referencia a otros municipios con similares características. Dicho programa abarca las empresas pecuaria y de cultivos varios, la empresa agropecuaria y forestal, así como las cooperativas campesinas. Se desarrolla en el contexto del Macroproyecto Yaguajay, a partir del complejo ECOCIST, que integra Educación Superior-Conocimiento-Tecnología-Innovación-Sociedad para fortalecer las interrelaciones con instituciones del conocimiento en el proceso de su apropiación social en un territorio. El programa integral para la producción local de alimentos surge en el año 2004, posee 29 tareas, insertadas en cuatro subprogramas (Pecuario, Cultivos Varios, Forestal y Frutal, e Industrial), se ejecuta mediante proyectos y prioriza la adopción de tecnologías y la capacitación, a partir de la interacción con universidades, centros de investigación y otras organizaciones. Entre los resultados se destacan el autoabastecimiento de leche fresca, la mejora del rebaño vacuno y de su base alimentaria, el desarrollo de la ganadería ovina, porcina y cunícola, municipio de Referencia Nacional en Agricultura Urbana, producción de biopesticidas y la estrategia de eliminación de plantas leñosas indeseables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work gives the experience about the modifications made to the strategy for technology transfer of a chemical process, in order to assimilate technologies for biogas production with energetic purpose, turning it into a tool specifically for the latter and considering new elements, such as the environmental impact expected, that strengthen the basic strategy. From here were developed, based on the heuristic strategy, one technology proposal to produce biogas for energy purposes from the waste available in the sugar industry sceneries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training the human capital is extremely important for the adoption of sustainable technologies, because it demands having an adequate vision and the necessary knowledge to ensure the sustainability of animal production systems, through a program adjusted to their productive needs. The objective of this work was to determine the training needs in seven Basic Units of Cooperative Production (UBPC). They were: 9 Caballerías and El Zapato (from the Martí Livestock Production Enterprise); Fe del Valle (Gusev Livestock Production Enterprise); La Prueba (Matanzas Genetic Enterprise), all in Matanzas province; El Negrito (from the Cumanayagua Livestock Production Enterprise), Aguadita (Rodas Livestock Production Enterprise) and Aguada (Aguada Livestock Production Enterprise), belonging to Cienfuegos province. In order to visualize the technical-productive and environmental situation of the UBPCs, the MARPS Methodology was used. The determination of the training needs was made according to the andragogy methods, which are based on the different processes that occur in the organizations. The ecosystem and human welfare did not exceed 50%. From the analysis of the FODA matrix, training strategies were elaborated and the different topics were proposed, such as: animal reproduction, pasture agrotechnique, animal management and feeding, as they are the ones that define the UBPC's development, for which the fulfillment of these training activities should achieve positive impacts on livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La capacitación del capital humano es altamente importante para la adopción de tecnologías sostenibles, pues exige tener una visión adecuada y los conocimientos necesarios para asegurar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción agropecuaria, a través de un programa ajustado a sus necesidades productivas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las necesidades de capacitación en siete UBPC. Estas fueron: 9 Caballerías y El Zapato (de la Empresa Pecuaria Martí); Fé del Valle (Empresa Pecuaria Gusev); La Prueba (Empresa Genética de Matanzas), todas de la provincia de Matanzas; El Negrito (Empresa Pecuaria Cumanayagua), Aguadita (Empresa Pecuaria Rodas) y Aguada (Empresa Pecuaria Aguada), pertenecientes a la provincia de Cienfuegos. Para visualizar la situación técnico-productiva y ambiental de las UBPC se utilizó la metodología MARPS. La determinación de las necesidades de capacitación se realizó según los modelos de la andragogía, que se fundamentan en los diferentes procesos que operan en las entidades. El bienestar del ecosistema y el bienestar humano no sobrepasaron el 50%. A partir del análisis de la matriz FODA se elaboraron las estrategias de capacitación y se propusieron los diferentes temas, tales como: reproducción animal, agrotecnia de los pastos, manejo y alimentación animal, pues son los que definen el desarrollo de la UBPC, por lo que el cumplimiento de estas actividades de capacitación debe lograr impactos positivos en la producción agropecuaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta un modelo estadístico para la medición del impacto en el proceso de innovación o transferencia tecnológica en la rama agropecuaria. Se muestran las posibilidades de este modelo mediante un estudio de caso. A partir de una base de datos, organizada como una matriz con la información proveniente de los diagnósticos realizados, se combinan los métodos Componentes Principales (ACP) y Conglomerados. Se have uso de la estadística inferencial para facilitar el análisis e interpretación de los resultados. Se presenta un caso de estudio acerca de la medición del impacto de los cambios productivos y económicos que ocurren durante el proceso de transferencia de tecnología de Bancos de Biomasa de Pennisetum purpureum vc Cuba CT-115, como estrategia para la seca, en ocho unidades lecheras de la provincia La Habana. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el modelo matemático utilizado permitió evaluar los resultados que se obtuvieron durante el proceso de transferencia tecnológica. El modelo permitió determinar los elementos que varían de una unidad a otra, en dependencia de los diferentes factores que caracterizan a cada finca, entre los que se pueden señalar el nivel de introducción de la tecnología del banco de biomasa y las variables productivas y económicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of biopharmaceutical products and processes needs the integrated application of regulations, the achievement of quality standards, high qualified people, multidisciplinary teams, the use of high technology and the application of technological transference from the research until the scale-up of productive process. In this sense, the adoption of the quality management is required starting in the R&D stages. This paper focuses in these topics ISO 9001:2000, Good Manufacturing Practices and technology management designed and applied in a Cuban biopharmaceutical enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflections are given on the performance of technology transfer, innovation, and knowledge in Cuba and worldwide, being related to the cattle sector. Besides, insights are provided on the aspects affecting the efficient introduction of technologies in the sector. Likewise, information is shown about the course of the extension work of the Institute of Animal Science during its 41 years of existence, noting the creation of its system of knowledge spread to commercial cattle rearing, as well as the critical points to be re-assessed and improved. In this regard, it is necessary to gain conscience on the main drawbacks and negative aspects to surpass the elements affecting the technology transfer. Besides, it is required to define the economic, technical and social policy joining the key actors in its implementation and establishing particular strategies for the cattle sector, based on the constant interaction of knowledge and enterprise management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se reflexiona acerca del comportamiento de la transferencia de tecnologías, la innovación y el conocimiento en Cuba y en el mundo, y se relacionan con el sector ganadero. Además, se brindan valoraciones de los aspectos que influyen en la introducción eficiente de tecnologías en el sector. Asimismo, se da a conocer cómo ha transitado el extensionismo del Instituto de Ciencia Animal, durante sus 41 años de existencia, y se destaca la instrumentación de su sistema de transmisión de conocimientos a la ganadería comercial, y los puntos críticos a reevaluar y mejorar. En este sentido, para superar los elementos que influyen en la transferencia de tecnologías, es necesario adquirir conciencia de las principales limitaciones y elementos negativos que incurren en su realización. Unido a ello, es necesario definir la política económica, técnica y social, que una a los actores clave en su implantación y establezca estrategias particulares para el sector ganadero, que debe estar fundamentado en la interacción constante de la gestión del conocimiento y las empresas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results are presented from the evaluation of management capabilities in the technology transfer as a strategy for the resizing of the sugar enterprise "Argeo Martinez", in Guantánamo province. The article suggests some ideas and solutions that should be developed in the future to improve the present results. The causes of the management capabilities main alteration, in the technology transfer process for the enterprise resizing, are identified, through the diagnose instruments and multicriteria analisis. It also presents the management deficiencies that hinder a major socioeconomic impact of the incorporated technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of criteria is exposed and premises, that are due to consider to establish a technology of production of Bioetanol from bagasse and solid wastes of Santa Clara city. In addition the fundamental stages of the process that guarantee the fulfillment of the pre-selected targets for each one of them, in agreement with the characterization made to the solid wastes of this city is set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the characterization of animal production of the Urban Agriculture in the Primero de Enero municipality, 19 yards of randomly selected producers were studied, in three areas of the territory during two years, where rearing at backyard scale was evaluated. Among the producers of the different animal species that participate in the National Program of Urban Agriculture (UA), there are workers, housewives, retired persons and even young people that have or do not have experience in backyard animal rearing; 60% of these people combine this activity with fixed working activities with the State, including cooperatives. 90% of the people visited receive the support of the rest of the family; this practice is complementary and not the base of family support. The raisers are still limitedly (22%) associated and/or integrated to receive some training and/or technological transference. The experience in animal rearing is, as average, of three years; it is also practiced as a family tradition, with certain knowledge regarding general management and hygiene, but very limited so as to allow new sustainable alternatives in the management. The cultural level of the raisers was between second grade (2) and twelfth grade (17). Regarding the social composition, 63% were workers of different sectors, 18% were retired, 12,5% were housewives and 6,5% private workers, with an average age of 49 years old. Although the productive results during the period studied are encouraging, in practice the use of more efficient and sustainable rearing methods is unknown. That is why it is necessary to guarantee the cognitive management and technology transference, in those producers that are eager to improve and make the rearing more efficient and at the same time preserve the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Como parte de la caracterización de la producción animal de la Agricultura Urbana en el municipio Primero de Enero, se estudiaron 19 patios de productores seleccionados al azar, en tres consejos populares del territorio durante dos años, donde se valoró la crianza a escala de traspatio. Dentro de los productores de las distintas especies animales que participan en el Programa Nacional de Agricultura Urbana (AU), hay trabajadores, amas de casa, jubilados e inclusive jóvenes de la comunidad, que poseen o no experiencia en la crianza animal de traspatio, los cuales en un 60% la combinan con actividades laborales fijas con el Estado, incluyendo las cooperativas. El 90% de las personas visitadas reciben el apoyo del resto de la familia; esta práctica es de forma complementaria y no como base del sustento familiar. Los criadores aún están limitadamente (22%) asociados y/o integrados para recibir alguna capacitación y/o transferencia tecnológica. La experiencia en la crianza animal es, como media, de tres años; se practica también por tradición familiar, con cierto nivel de conocimientos en cuestiones de manejo general e higiene, pero muy limitados como para permitir nuevas alternativas sostenibles en el manejo. El nivel cultural de los criadores se encontraba entre el tercero (dos) y el duodécimo grado (17). En cuanto a la composición social, el 63% eran trabajadores de diferentes sectores, el 18% jubilados, el 12,5% amas de casa y el 6,5% trabajadores por cuenta propia, con una edad promedio de 49 años. Aunque los resultados productivos durante la etapa estudiada son alentadores, se desconoce en la práctica el empleo de métodos de crianza más eficientes y sostenibles. Por ello se hace necesario garantizar la gestión cognoscitiva y la transferencia de tecnología, en aquellos productores con disposición de mejorar y hacer más eficientes sus crianzas y a la vez conservar el entorno. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo considera la ciencia química en Cuba y su transferencia a la investigación y producción de fertilizantes. Cita la relación entre ciencia y tecnología química, comenta sobre los avances logrados en las agroindustrias del país--impulsados por la ingeniería química--y describe varios proyectos nacionales recientes que han contribuido a la industria nacional de fertilizantes.

In order to obtain a competitive development of the Cuban Chemical Industry it is of vital importance of considering the application of the Analysis of Processes in the assimilation of new technologies that allow the power sustentables companies to consolidate of technological form and environmentally compatible. In the work is described a work methodology, with the help of the tools of the Analysis of Processes, that allows to include the main aspects to evaluate for the assimilation of new technologies like result of the technological development in the industry of chemical processes; the same one can perfectly be applicable to other industrial processes, as the case of the Sugar Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, there is a description and reflection of the present situation of the technology transfer in the cattle rearing sector in Latin America and its evolution in Cuba. There is information on this subject in several countries of the region and the main deficiencies and achievements affecting the most quickly introduction of the scientific results into the commercial production conditions. Also, the experience of the Institute of Animal Science to strengthen the technology transfer system to the Cuban cattle sector is analyzed. In order to overcome the multiple difficulties limiting technology transfer in all these years to the cattle rearing sector in Latin America, it is necessary to be conscious of the main factors and negative elements affecting it and to define the economic, technical and social policy that gathers the participating elements involved in its application and defines the particular strategies of the constant interaction of knowledge management and the enterprises. In Cuba, there are advantages that allow the application of technology such as the definition of the national structure for the introduction of results, specialists with scientific level and knowledge for the application of technology transfer, the educational system for the formation of specialists and the training to the primary producer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]