Search

Provides information on the collection of the papers of Tennessee political leader Edward Hull Crump which chronicles his career and provides an opportunity to explore the lives of 20th century U.S. citizens as they negotiated the catastrophes of economic devastation and global war. Important documents housed in the Crump collection; Details of the magazine and newspaper articles that document the evolution of Crump's media image; Letters and petitions from individual citizens and neighborhood groups demanding city action included in the Crump collection.

The purpose of this study was to explore the production, communication, interpretation and contestation of new physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA) policy initiatives introduced in Mississippi and Tennessee for the academic year 2006-2007. These states provide a relevant context to study such issues, since Mississippi has the highest and Tennessee has the fifth-highest rate of childhood obesity in the United States (Trust for America's Health, 2009). The social-ecological model was used as a theoretical framework to interpret the social, economic, temporal, and political interactions that shaped the development, interpretation, and implementation of these policies (Stokols, 1992). A multiple-level case study design (Yin, 2003) was adopted in which the policy process was analyzed and compared across eight high schools. Four high schools were purposefully selected in each state that provided a broad range of contextual differences and collected data in real-time during a one-year period. We conducted 73 interviews with key stakeholders, including policymakers, school administrators, teachers and students, and observed PE lessons and school-based activities. The researchers identified themes from the data: "Policy process"; "Expectation of compliance"; "Unfunded mandate"; "Problematic policy enactment"; "Academic pressure"; "Marginalized status of PE"; "Narrow PE curriculum"; and "Dislike of PE". Even though new PE and PA legislation had been passed in both states, no substantive change occurred in any of the schools during our study. This work moves beyond a superficial understanding of how policy initiatives impact PA and PE provisions within schools, particularly at the secondary level. We recommend the development of support systems within the school through the creation of clear goals, strategic plans, and professional development to implement new policy initiatives. (Contains 1 table and 1 note.)

Investigates the claim of scientists regarding the evidence for nuclear fusion in a breaker of organic solvent at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Consequences of the claim for nuclear proliferation and energy production; Contradiction of other scientists on the claim; Comparison between nuclear fission and fusion.

Reports on the issues highlighted at the NSTA High School Committee Town Meeting held in the summer of 1997 in Memphis Tennessee. Details on the main issue highlighted; Suggestions to problems faced in the main issue; Identification of persons who are interested in these issues.

The market for solar energy in the US has grown exponentially due to increased consumer demand resulting from price reduction via economies of scale, technological progress, and a variety of incentives from federal and state governments as well as utility companies. The installation of solar power in Tennessee has more than doubled each year from 2009 to 2011. In this paper, we focus on the behavior of the Tennessee Solar Value Chain (TNSVC) to study the factors that influence growth of solar industry in the state. The impact of existing incentives on the TNSVC is analyzed. The TNSVC is simulated based on inputs from on-site survey to estimate economic impact in terms of the number of jobs added and the tax revenue generated in the state. In addition, a sensitivity analysis for the impact on the TNSVC under different policies those may be adopted by the state of Tennessee in the future is conducted. This paper employs a holistic model which can predict PV installation demand, understand solar value chain capacity, and estimate the revenue generation. It should be noted that the method employed in this study is not unique to the solar energy industry in Tennessee. The data utilized in this study is a combination of public domain information and surveys of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and installers. This makes the model in this paper flexible enough to be applied to assess the solar value chain in other state or country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literature suggests that there are few studies on the efficiency of academic research and development (R&D) funding in the United States. Much of the extant literature focuses on efficiency assessments at either the academic department level or the university level. We are not aware of any studies that analyze the efficiency of academic R&D funding at the state level. The purpose of this paper is to fill this void by assessing the efficiency of academic R&D funding at the state level using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric efficiency estimation method that can utilize multiple inputs and outputs to create a single efficiency score. The DEA results, along with results in changes in R&D productivity over time, suggest that some U.S. states are relatively better positioned to turn their R&D dollars into academic and business outputs. Tennessee is used as an example to show how to apply the DEA results to guide policy decisions toward efficiency. Tobit model results imply that the diversity of funding source, university R&D intensity, and R&D concentration are key for R&D funding efficiency. The policy implications of the study findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an introduction to a long-term biological monitoring program and the Environmental Management special issue titled Long-term Biological Monitoring of an Impaired Stream: Implications for Environmental Management. The Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program, or BMAP, was implemented to assess biological impairment downstream of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, beginning in 1985. Several of the unique aspects of the program include its long-term consistent sampling, a focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific facility abatement and remedial actions, and the use of quantitative sampling protocols using a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the need and importance of long-term watershed-based biological monitoring strategies, in particular for addressing long-term stewardship goals at DOE sites, and provides a summary of the BMAP's objectives, spatial and temporal extent, and overall focus. The primary components of the biological monitoring program for East Fork Poplar Creek in Oak Ridge, Tennessee are introduced, as are the additional 9 papers in this Environmental Management special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the major supply chain issues of the automotive manufacturing industry in the southern USA. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is based on the results of a survey of automotive suppliers in Tennessee and Alabama. The survey focused on supply chain issues and demographics, specifically on 20 JIT-related problems and 100 company characteristics. Findings - Identifies the extent of JIT implementation in Tennessee's and Alabama's growing automotive industry and the general characteristics of the companies that use JIT. Also identifies the types of problems experienced by JIT automotive suppliers; categorizes the problems as one-time, periodically recurring, or ongoing; and identifies the most troublesome problems. Research limitations/implications - The survey results point to several problem areas of JIT suppliers for research focus, including identification of ways that small companies can resolve JIT implementation issues, the most common ongoing problem of unstable customer schedules, and the most frequently cited problems of poor production quality. Practical implications - The findings of this study can help others considering a conversion to a JIT system improve the likelihood of a successful implementation by making them aware of the implementation issues experienced by the JIT automotive suppliers in Tennessee and Alabama. It also provides guidelines for specific improvements that could be implemented by Tennessee and Alabama suppliers. Originality/value - This paper provides a concise review of JIT literature. It also examines the growing automotive manufacturing industry in the southern USA. These smaller, primarily non-union automotive suppliers represent a research set that has not been previously studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper about the project of Lee University which involves using technology to preserve a musical tradition on a shoe string budget Cleveland, Tennessee. Intricately, the paper begins with a few words about church music in general and Pentecostal music in particular. In addition, it describes the project itself and give some practical steps that might help anyone preserve a significant segment of one's musical heritage. The completion of the project will include a website dedicated to this material with articles by various contributors about the history of this genre and its performers as well as a searchable, playable database of musical tracks and digital images of dust jackets.

This paper introduces a data-based approach as an alternative way to help teachers formulate decisions about the validity of test accommodations for students with LD. Three rationales for the approach are provided: (a) an inadequate research base to guide decision-making; (b) the heterogeneity of the LD population; and (c) problems with teachers' use of subjective judgment. Well-controlled studies on test accommodations are too scarce to draw firm conclusions about effects for the group of students labeled learning disabled (LD). Moreover, in light of the heterogeneity of learning disabilities, the individual, rather than the LD label, may be the more appropriate unit for deciding which test accommodations preserve the validity of test scores for students with LD. In this paper, we provide a rationale for a data-based approach to help teachers formulate decisions about the validity of test accommodations for individual students with LD. Then we describe an objective assessment process teachers may use in determining valid test accommodations. We conclude with recommendations for practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes how the University of Tennessee in Memphis dealt with the automation of the paper flow process and the resulting approval that accompanied much of this work. Reducing paper flow complexity; Document management systems; Database systems; Problems with commercial products.

Moonshine has undergone a resurgence in recent years with the passage of the 2009 liquor laws in Tennessee, allowing for 41 counties to open and operate commercial moonshine distilleries. The rise of legal moonshine is connected to broader economic changes and has already had a significant impact on the cultural landscape and the selling and remaking of place, in both East Tennessee and Appalachia. Specifically, this paper asks: How is place being represented, sold and (re)made through the proliferation of moonshine in East Tennessee? I address this question through concepts of authenticity and place-making as understood in the food/drink and tourism literatures. Using broadly conceived qualitative methodologies the results are illustrated through a case study of three specific moonshine distilleries the region: Tennessee Hills Distillery (Jonesborough, TN), Sugarlands Distilling Company and Doc Collier Moonshine (Gatlinburg, TN). This research directly contributes to literatures in Appalachian studies, authenticity and place-making geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March of 1985, the Supreme Court in Tennessee v. Garner held that laws authorizing police use of deadly force to apprehend fleeing, unarmed, non-violent felony suspects violate the Fourth Amendment, and therefore states should eliminate them. This paper investigates the impact of that decision on the number of homicides committed by police officers nationwide. The investigation shows a significant reduction (approximately sixteen percent) between the number of homicides committed before, and after the decision. This reduction was more significant in states which declared their laws regarding police use of deadly force to be unconstitutional after the Garner decision. Evidence suggests that the reduction is due not only to a reduction in shooting fleeing felons, but also to a general reduction in police shooting. This paper discusses a mechanism that can explain the unique Tennessee v. Garner dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the numerical model presented in the companion paper is tested and applied. Assessment of model accuracy was based on two approaches. First, predictions of evolution of a 13.5 km reach of the South Fork of the Forked Deer River, in west Tennessee, were compared to observations over a 24-yr period. Results suggest that although the model was able to qualitatively predict trends of widening and deepening, quantitative predictions were not reliable. Simulated widths and depths were within 15% of the corresponding observed values, but observed change in these parameters at the study sites were also close to these values. Simulated rates of depth adjustment were within 15% of observed rates, but observed rates of channel widening at the study sites were approximately three times those simulated by the model. In the second approach, the model was used to generate relationships between stable channel width and bank-full discharge. The model was able to successfully replicate the form of empirically derived regime-width equations. Simulations were used to demonstrate the model's ability to obtain more realistic predictions of bed evolution in widening channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the role relationships between owners, trainers, judges, and federal inspectors in the Tennessee walking horse industry and the accommodations they reach in responding to pressures each places on the others. The paper deals with the practice of soring, or blistering, to alter the gait of the animal and its continued practice despite outcry from humane groups, other horsemen, and the federal government. Trainers are subjected to enormous pressures to win, which means they believe they must "sore" their animals. Because this practice is illegal, they must act in a manner contrary to legal mandates while giving firm lip service to supporting antisoring guidelines. The study method involved unfocused interviews with 4 U.S. Department of Agriculture inspectors, 14 trainers, and 8 owners. No notes or recording material of any kind were present during the interviews, although notes were committed to paper immediately afterward. Because the first author has been a horseman for some years, he approached the trainers, the jargon of horsemen being unfamiliar to the general public. Other interviews and trade journals were gleaned by both authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The United States Department of Labor's (DOL) Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) initiated the Employment First State Leadership Mentoring Project (EFSLMP) to assist states to align policies, regulations and funding priorities to encourage integrated employment as the primary outcome for individuals with significant disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the activities undertaken by two states designated as Protégé States of the Employment First State Leadership Mentoring Project of the United States Department of Labor's (DOL) Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP). CONCLUSION: Protégé states received mentoring from the identified mentor state as well as training and technical assistance by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). While five aspects of system change were shared by the states, the efforts undertaken to effect change were individual to each state. Lessons learned are also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eminent domain gives public agencies the right to acquire property from private individuals in exchange for just compensation. Following Kelo vs. New London 2005, the powers of eminent domain were extended, opening the door for potential abuses of power by government officials. In this paper, I empirically investigate the use of eminent domain using newly digitized records from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which extensively used eminent domain to construct dams in the 1930s. Using a sample of families living in one reservoir location, I find empirical evidence that land tenure, the number of property holdings, and debt levels affected the holdout decision, suggesting that holdouts are individuals with high subjective values. I then develop a screening model with asymmetric information in seller valuations to predict when eminent domain will be used and what settlement values and court awards would be. I test the model's and find that individuals who held out increased their property value by about 5 %, and incentives to holdout existed only for individuals who received initially low settlement proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the importance of foreign languages and cultures and their integration into U.S. international business programs. The author juxtaposes globalization strategies of European and American business schools and highlights pre-university foreign language study in Europe and the U.S. The paper goes on to describe model U.S. undergraduate and graduate international business programs and their use of strategies that lead to professional proficiency. The author concludes with a discussion of strategies to be considered by U.S. business schools.

In 2008, the University of Southern Indiana began to offer a new Doctor of Nursing Practice program via distance education. For the first three years, two librarians at the David L. Rice Library evaluated how well the library supported the study and research of students enrolled in the program. The research project incorporated multiple methods of assessment, including an examination of usage statistics generated by the electronic resources supporting the program, a student satisfaction survey, a review of the students' use of the library's interlibrary loan and article delivery services, and a citation analysis of the references appended to formal papers submitted as part of the required coursework. A significant amount of data was generated from the four methods used in the research, and the findings based on these data have impacted and will continue to impact the library's support of the program, including instruction, collection development, and expansion of services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When used appropriately, congregate care placements can provide children in foster care with the structure and treatment services they need. However, children are often placed in congregate care when their needs can be met in family settings, a practice that contradicts the child welfare mandate to place children in the least restrictive environment possible. In 2000, a class action lawsuit filed against the State of Tennessee highlighted that the state routinely placed children in congregate care settings contrary to their best interests. Since then, the state''s Department of Children''s Services (DCS) has been extremely successful in reducing its use of congregate care. This paper presents major findings from a qualitative research study that explored how DCS accomplished this critical system change. Fifty-one Tennessee child welfare stakeholders were interviewed using an open ended protocol. DCS administrative data, performance monitoring data, and official policy documents were also analyzed to provide context for the interviewees'' comments. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed three main change agents that helped set the stage for deinstitutionalization, as well as three types of systemwide reforms that were undertaken to ensure a successful reduction in congregate care use. Implications for jurisdictions embarking on similar reforms are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mining and enrichment of uranium (U) for nuclear weapons and energy has left this radionuclide an important groundwater contaminant in the United States and worldwide. The use of nitric acid in these processes has also resulted in low pH and high nitrate concentrations in U-contaminated subsurface sediments. This presents problems for bioremediation strategies to control the migration of U in groundwater, usually achieved through microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) upon electron donor addition to the subsurface. Nitrate, which serves as a competitive electron acceptor in the subsurface, can inhibit or retard U(VI) reduction efforts; as well, intermediates of nitrate respiration (or denitrification), such as nitrite, can lead to U(IV) oxidation and remobilization. The Integrated Field Research Challenge site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee provides an ideal location to address the challenges nitrate poses to uranium bioreduction as the site encompasses several different geochemical conditions: two acidic U- high-nitrate U-contaminated sites (both Areas 1 and 3), a low-nitrate U-contaminated site (Area 2), and a pristine (uncontaminated) background site. In this paper, we review 24 studies examining the microbial communities from these sites within the OR-IFRC as well as denitrifying fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) treating high-nitrate groundwater in an effort to describe the overall potential denitrifying community composition at these sites. Pseudomonas was the most widely detected genus among all sites, but was not detected in either of two studies describing metabolically active populations from community total RNA extracts. Collectively, 16S rRNA gene surveys indicate the following genera may be of potential importance in nitrate reduction and denitrification at the OR-IFRC: Ralstonia and Dechloromonas in the low nitrate neutral pH Area 2, Castellaniella and Burkholderia in Area 1, Thiobacillus and Ferribacterium in Area 3, and Acidovorax in FBRs. This work begins to help us understand how geochemical conditions can determine the composition of nitrate-reducing microbial communities at uranium contaminated sites as well as how population structure and physiologies of the microorganisms present affect in situ rates of denitrification and radionuclide immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the threat of HIV/AIDS to African American women's health has become the focus of much concern. This paper describes a federally funded community-based program that provides services to African American women at risk for HIV/AIDS in Nashville, Tennessee. The program provides a culturally relevant set of interventions specific to crack cocaine users aimed at reducing substance use and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. The model is important for the continued development of culturally relevant interventions aimed at reducing the disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS within the African American community by ensuring treatment access to all populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative research project established between the University of Tennessee (UT) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lab and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) sought to validate CFD prediction of the environmental control system (ECS)-generated ventilation velocity vector field with induced mass transport. The results of the velocity field validation exercise were published previously. An FAA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) project generated an experimental database of time-dependent inserted mass distributions in the CAMI Aircraft Environmental Research Facility (AERF). The companion CFD mass transport simulations were conducted at the UT CFD Lab using both commercial and proprietary computer codes. This paper reports the qualified results of the mass transport validation exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, minors seeking abortions are entitled to petition for relief from state-mandated parental consent. To facilitate the actualization of this right, Tennessee included procedural mechanisms that go beyond those in effect in most states in its parental consent statute. This paper examines whether these additional mechanisms allow Tennessee to succeed where other states have failed. Our findings indicate that these mechanisms mitigate to some extent the sort of implementation failure observed in other states. However, the magnitude of this mitigation is not sufficient to establish that parental consent statutes can be implemented in accordance with Supreme Court requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risks to humans and other organisms from consuming fish have become a national concern in the USA. In this paper, we examine the concentrations of 137Cs, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in three species of fish from two river reaches adjacent to the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. We were interested in whether there were species and locational differences in radiocesium and metal concentrations and whether concentrations were sufficiently high to pose a potential health risk to humans or other receptors. Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were significantly larger than white bass (M. chrysops), and crappie (Pomoxis spp.) were the smallest fish. Lead was significantly lower in striped bass, mercury was significantly higher in striped bass, and selenium was significantly higher in white bass compared to the other species. There were no other species differences in contaminants. White bass, the only species that was sufficiently abundant for a comparison, had significantly higher concentrations of cadmium, lead, and selenium in fillets from the Clinch River and significantly higher concentrations of mercury in fillets from Poplar Creek. The low concentrations of most contaminants in fish from the Clinch River do not appear to present a risk to humans or other consumers, although mercury concentrations in striped bass ranged as high as 0.79 ppm, well above the 0.5-ppm action level for human consumption of some US states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The USA played a pivotal role in developing the idea of the World Heritage Convention just over 30 years ago. This paper begins by examining the history of the World Heritage Convention's practical application in the USA and goes on to discuss the Convention's present-day application at Yellowstone National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the national scale. It may be concluded that although there is a high level of compliance with the requirements of the World Heritage Convention, numerous issues need to be resolved to ensure that World Heritage Site designation remains an effective protection tool for sites of international importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a simplified method, known as Henry’s method, for the calculation of distribution factors of the live load moment. Using the simplified method, the live load effects are equally distributed in all beams, including interior and exterior beams. This method has been used in Tennessee for nearly four decades. It offers advantages in simplicity of calculation and flexibility in application. To carefully examine the simplified method, 24 actual bridges of six different types of superstructures were selected for the study. The distribution factors of actual bridges using Henry’s method were compared with the ones from the AASHTO LRFD, the AASHTO standard, and finite-element analysis. In the comparison study, the effects of bridge superstructure types and key parameters that significantly affected the calculation of distribution factors are discussed. Based on the results of the comparison and evaluation, a modified Henry’s method was proposed by introducing modification factors to Henry’s method. With proper modification, the simplified method can be used to determine reasonable and reliable distribution factors of the live load moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Fork Holston River is one of three major tributaries of the Holston River, originating in Smyth County in southwestern Virginia and flowing southwesterly and then northwesterly to where it enters the Holston River at Kingsport, TN. Three dams constructed in the 1950s. Fort Patrick Henry. Boone and South Holston, impounded the entire stretch of river flowing through Tennessee. Identification of shell recovered from two prehistoric aboriginal sites. Eastman Rocksbelter (40SL34) and Site 40SL330. and from two collections of relic shells plus species recorded from four localities by Ortmann (1918). provide evidence for a diverse and abundant naiad fauna prior to impoundment. Thirty-five species of mussels historically inhabited stretches of the South Fork Holston River flowing through Tennessee; all have been extirpated. Populations of Aetinonaias pectorosa. Lampsillis fasciola, Fusconaia subrotunda, and Ptychobranchus subtentum appear to have been four of the most abundant naiads inhabiting the river. In addition to the Asian clam. Corbiculafluminea. the giant floater (Pyganodon grandis) and paper pondshell (Utterbuckia imbecillis) are invader species now common throughout the reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of model parametrization methodologies using geographic information systems is becoming increasingly important in hydrologic modeling applications, especially given the continued trend of comprehensive and readily available geospatial databases. This paper discusses the development of parametrization and calibration methodologies for the 12-parameter soil moisture accounting (SMA) algorithm recently added to the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) program by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District, is considering HMS as a tool for continuous hydrologic simulation in the Cumberland River basin. The study demonstrates that parameters for a complex soil moisture accounting model can be derived from publicly available geographic information system (GIS) databases and that the use of seasonal or multiparameter sets improves model performance. Only one of the seven parameters estimated using GIS databases was varied during model calibration. Parameter values after model calibration, including four parameters estimated using historic streamflow records, deviated from estimated values by an average of 37%. Model performance indicates that the developed parametrization and calibration methodologies work well when applied to the test watershed and should be applicable to other watersheds in the Cumberland River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the distribution of /ai/ monophthongization in African-American and European-American speakers in Memphis, Tennessee. While often considered a feature characteristic of White Southern speech, /ai/ monophthongization has also been recorded in Black speech, both within and outside the South. However, expansion of glide-weakening to the less common pre-voiceless contexts has been considered unique to European-American dialects. Evidence of extensive glide-weakening in the African-American community in Memphis will be presented and compared to the degree and contexts of glide-weakening in the European-American community. The results will show that not only is /ai/ monophthongization a feature of Memphis speech generally, regardless of ethnicity, but that African-Americans in fact lead in glide-weakening in all contexts. The role of Southern identity in the expansion of /ai/ monophthongization is discussed as a critical component in the selection of features in both Black and White speech in the Memphis area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood frequency analysis, as commonly practiced, focuses on the estimation of return periods associated with annual maximum flood peaks of various magnitudes. In some applications, it is desirable to perform joint (i.e., simultaneous) flood frequency analyses on seasonal as well as annual bases. However, a problem one encounters in seasonal flood frequency analysis is that the consistency or interrelationship that must exist between the annual maximum and individual seasonal flood frequency distributions may not be preserved. The most important cause of inconsistencies is that one cannot arbitrarily specify the parametric forms of the annual and all of the seasonal distributions. A correct theoretical analysis of the joint frequency problem would require the use of a rather unusual and complicated distributional model. Since this is not practical, this paper presents two approximate but useful methods for joint frequency analysis using the log Pearson Type 3 distribution. It is shown via examples that the two methods can be applied to reasonably model annual and five seasonal flood distributions in the Tennessee Valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clinch-Powell River system of Virginia and Tennessee, USA, is among the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world, and has been identified as a conservation priority of national importance. Other researchers have attributed declines in Powell River freshwater mussel populations to coal mining-related activities. The objectives of this paper are to synthesize the results of several studies aimed at assessing acid mine drainage (AMD) impacts in the Powell River watershed, and to describe the relative roles of AMD, nutrient loading, and urban runoff in structuring the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of the Powell River. Impacts ranged from acute toxicity due to the combination of acid and metals, acute aluminum toxicity in circumneutral pH waters, and physical impacts from solid ferrihydrite, to decreased clam growth due to urban runoff. These findings support the concern that AMD negatively impacts aquatic biota in the Powell River watershed in a variety of ways, and emphasize the importance of taking measures to properly reclaim areas that are producing mine drainage. However, past-mining related pollutants are not the only source of aquatic-community impact in these watersheds, as nutrient loading and urban runoff both were associated with substantial changes in community structure and clam growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored the impact of religion on Christian women's experiences of male perpetrated domestic violence. A review of the extant research relative to this issue revealed that little is known about the relationship between religion and experiences of domestic violence. Participants in the Memphis, Tennessee area were asked to describe the relationship between their religion or faith and their experiences of domestic violence. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed within a grounded theory methodological framework (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Findings highlight the diverse and at times conflicting religious oriented coping strategies employed by Christian battered women to survive violence perpetrated by their spouse or intimate partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry in rural, agriculturally based Northwest Tennessee has traditionally been apparel, textile, and footwear. In recent years, globalization has resulted in area plant closings, plant relocations and layoffs throughout the region. This paper examines the impact on former employees interviewed four years after a major plant closing in Obion County. This study presents the case study of the Brown Shoe Company that opened in 1923 and closed in 1994. The findings from this exploratory study suggest that the impacts of plant closures in the footwear industry are similar to other textile and garment factory closings. As in previous studies, workers were concerned with financial and health benefits issues and experienced emotional trauma. Dislocated workers were predominately female, and high poverty rates for families and female heads of households still exist almost eight years after the closing. Longitudinal research is suggested to further inform policy and governmental action in the wake of further plant closings, especially as such economic restructuring affects women and communities in rural southern areas of the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that critical events rather than performance trends affect the collective evaluation of public education because critical events are more likely to stimulate competition among political activists over the meaning attached to real-world happenings. This means, for example, that students' test score averages are not the proximate cause of public evaluations of public schools, but referenda, political interventions, or school shootings may be decisive, simply because such events provoke contests over meaning into which many attentive citizens are drawn. Moreover, racial differences in the assessment of public schools are more likely to result from critical events than from performance trends because racial spokespersons are more vigilant and outspoken in periods of dramatic encounter than in the face of everyday frustrations or pleasures. Public opinion surveys of Nashville–Davidson County, Tennessee, demonstrate episodic diminutions of public esteem for public schools attached to critical events, but not to performance trends. The Nashville case shows that political interventions by social movements or political elites seem especially likely to cause serious declines in the rating given the schools by the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three levels of prevention and intervention in the area of mathematics are addressed: (a) primary prevention focusing on universal design, (b) secondary prevention focusing on adaptations, and (c) tertiary prevention focusing on intensive and explicit contextualization of skills-based instruction. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss principles of prevention and intervention in the area of mathematics. First, we identify research-based principles associated with primary prevention. Second, we turn our attention to secondary prevention, with a focus on prereferral intervention. We identify principles that serve to differentiate primary and secondary prevention and specify instructional variables that are promising for use within a secondary prevention mode. Finally, we discuss intervention. We identify principles of effective intervention, which include individually referenced decision making, instructional intensity, and deliberate contextualization of skills-based instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights a three-year odyssey working with the City of Memphis and nonprofit agencies to assess the extent of homelessness and identify gaps in care. It is suggested that working with the homeless is a classic example of what is meant by the concept of public administration as a science, process, and art. Even the most sophisticated "scientific" understanding of homelessness is necessary but not sufficient; the ability to bring together a diverse and fragmented provider population also requires expert process skills and an understanding of the art of persuasion and high-trust leadership. This case study reflects on a very successful three year experience working with the City of Memphis and a variety of nonprofit organizations in an effort to obtain a more accurate picture of the extent and needs of the homeless population in Memphis, Tennessee This effort resulted in the awarding of almost $13 million in federal grants over a two year period, and a national "Blue Ribbon" award from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development[sup(1)] This award states that by virtue of the cooperation and coordination achieved among the principal service providers in the City of Memphis, the Memphis grant applications were rated among the highest in the nation. In response to the question, "What have we learned from this successful experience that is worth sharing with public administration students and practitioners?", the authors came to several conclusions. First, to focus solely on the methodological aspects of counting the homeless population would ignore the significant management issues involved in bringing together a fragmented provider community. Furthermore, even focusing on the methodological and management issues would still ignore the significance of the different styles and subtle strategies of different stakeholders in the effort. Ultimately, we decided that the value of this case is in its richness, that is, this experience is an excellent illustration of what the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) means when it says that public administration is a science, process and art. As science, this case demonstrates how one defines the problem and how the methodologies utilized drive public perceptions and policy decisions As process, the case illustrates the challenge of bringing together a fragmented network of turf-conscious service providers to identify and prioritize the gaps in a continuum of care for the homeless population. And finally as art, the case demonstrates the political and facilitation skills needed to reach both the hearts and minds of service providers who have the best interests of the homeless at heart but can be blind to the importance of good data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on document analysis and in-depth interviews with 80 respondents, this paper examines the importance of risks associated with activism in shaping recruitment and participation patterns in a government town. Residents have a history of involvement in civil rights activism, peace activities, and environmental organizing outside their community. However, citizens have not mobilized around local environmental problems despite a 50-year legacy of contamination from nuclear weapons production. I examine two organizing efforts in the community and analyze how residents' perceptions of rink associated with activism contributed to the relative success and failure of each. I argue that risk is an important variable that is critical to our understanding of social movement recruitment and participation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an introduction on the environmental policy in Tennessee. Foundation of National Center for Environmental Decision-making Research in 1995; Presentation of papers on the risk analysis, management, and devolution; Approaches in improving environmental decision-making process.

Discusses the collection of the Country Music Foundation's Library and Media Center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee. Record collection; Films and videotapes; Print materials; Primary source materials; Scrapbooks and personal papers of key industry figures; Studio logbooks.

Weakley County School System This paper discusses the origins of a Tennessee tradition of cooperation among institutions of higher education and state and local education agencies. Relations between the various agencies have not always been cooperative, but the germs of recent cooperation are evident in Tennessee's educational history virtually from the State's beginnings. The original emphasis for having local cooperation between schools and institutions of higher education maybe traced to the placement of student teachers in area schools. Appointment of several task forces, however, to examine the condition of public education in Tennessee during the early 1980s maybe considered the first state-wide effort to bring all levels of educators into one community to determine the direction of Tennessee Education. Through the resulting cooperation, Tennesseans have established a goal of having schools and colleges among the best in the nation; and through the continuation of the tradition of cooperation among colleges and universities and state and local education agencies, Tennessee society is rapidly realizing that goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central theme of this article is that the critical stage in the development of the field of public administration--the most concentrated burst-- covered the period between 1937-1940. Although this occupation experienced times of diffuse but substantial activity around World War I and during the 1960s and 1970s, the most profound changes took place shortly before the second world war. What chiefly sets this period apart from earlier and later periods of fermentation centers not so much on the quantity of innovations but, rather, on their nature (that is, their structural genre) and on their breath (their institutional reach). This article starts with a perspective so that it may be better understood why this particular time span was instrumental to the growth of public administration. It reviews the contributions of preceding and subsequent eras in the evolution of the field, the article presents a structural synthesis by examining organizational innovations in four areas at the national level: (1) the executive branch, (2) the judiciary, (3) Congress, and (4) the profession of public administration. The paper concludes by exploring the forces that, in our view, made this period the most productive one in this history of the occupation. Finally, the research for this article rests on a reservoir of publicly available primary and secondary materials relevant to this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies of residential propinquity as a factor in mate selection have appeared during the past twenty years. These studies seem to have established the general conclusion that the urban American tends to marry someone who lives within a fairly limited distance of his or her home. When these studies are examined more closely, however, numerous variations are found which raise questions about the meaning of the findings beyond this general conclusion. It is a major purpose of this paper to examine the implications of some of these variations in the earlier studies of propinquity. The discussion will be divided into four parts: (1) a consideration of the findings of a recent study of propinquity in Nashville, Tennessee; (2) some observations about the methods of data gathering and analysis used in propinquity studies; (3) consideration of the value of the collected findings of studies of propinquity; and (4) suggestions for further research. The study of Nashville followed the general design used in earlier propinquity studies. The sample studied consisted of all of those Negro couples and one-half of those white couples applying for marriage licenses in Davidson County, Tennessee, during 1950 who met the following criterion: at least one member of the couple gave a "non-institutional" address within the area covered by the census tracts of metropolitan Nashville.

This article reports on techniques and findings of a two-year econometric study devoted to development planning in the Elk River area, a subregion of the Tennessee Valley. The area is one of a number of economically lagging regions in which local development efforts have been receiving concentrated planning assistance from the Tennessee Valley Authority. Certain of the socio-economic problems confronting the study area are mentioned but this paper's principal concern will be with the rationale and application of the planning model itself. The eight-county Elk River area occupies some 3,850 square miles in south-central Tennessee and northern Alabama. The population, now increasing slowly after two decades of decline, is about 200,000. The Elk River provides the unifying feature and drains a little over half of the region as it flows southwest to meet the Tennessee, just east of Muscle Shoals. The area lies in the interstice of four centers of commercial and cultural activity: Nashville, Huntsville, Chattanooga and the Muscle Shoals region. Interaction is greatest with rapidly industrializing northern Alabama; of the one-third of all area factory workers who commute to jobs outside the Elk River area, most are employed in, or near, Huntsville.

This article discusses Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) approach to sub-regional development. Tributary area development is essentially an approach which utilizes local interest and initiative, both governmental and private citizen, to carry forward a comprehensive resource development effort directed at uplifting the social and economic well-being of residents of sub-regions of the Tennessee Valley. The program concentrates on areas which have lagged behind the development pace of the rest of the Tennessee Valley, and TVA's role within this framework is to provide assistance to tributary organizations by building on and learning from experiences in earlier programs that were Valley-wide in scope. The purpose of this paper is to describe TVA's tributary area development program, review a few of its accomplishments, and suggest some problem areas for further consideration and research. TVA's first effort at working in the development of a multicounty tributary area began about 1939 in the Chestuee watershed in southeastern Tennessee.

Presents highlights of the Southern Regional Chapter of the Transcultural Nursing Society Annual Conference from April 8 to 9, 1999, in Memphis, Tennessee. Description of dialogues presented by scholars of transcultural nursing; Presentation of papers and posters; Collaboration between association chapters.

It is common practice for K-12 schools to assess multilingual students' language proficiency to determine language support program placement. Because such programs can provide essential scaffolding, the policies guiding these assessments merit careful consideration. It is well accepted that quality assessments must be valid (representative of the constructs of interest) and reliable (error-free and consistent). However, a tension exists between validity and reliability, known as the attenuation paradox. Validity is strengthened when the range and depth of the assessed construct align with the target domain. Yet, increased domain coverage can introduce construct-irrelevant variance and greater potential for error, negatively impacting reliability. On the other hand, narrowing the assessed construct, which tends to increase reliability, also weakens validity due to construct-underrepresentation. In this paper, we revisit the validity-reliability paradox by examining initial assessment policies for K-12 English language support programs in six nations. We report on each nation's policies for language placement assessment and the associated language support programs and funding mechanisms. We compare the assessment policies on the validity and reliability spectrum, framed by Bachman's assessment use argument heuristic. We conclude with a discussion of implications related to educational equity.

The article reports that officials of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy are dissenting a finding of an investigation that the alleged scientific misbehavior at a national laboratory qualifies for public release. David Williams stresses that the investigators allotted time reviewing the papers received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee but failed to charge the management with misconduct despite the presence of errors. Lawyers of Oak Ridge claim that there was no conflict of interest in the case.

This article highlights the Second Southeastern Conference on John Milton, organized by Kristin Pruitt McColgan, Charles W. Durham, and Kevin J. Donovan, which was held in Murfreesboro, Tennessee from October 21-23, 1993. The participants at the weekend conference heard papers on every aspect of Milton's work. Registrants for the meeting came from Hawaii, the East Coast and California.