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For over eighty years, Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure has authorized sanctions to combat frivolous legal arguments and factual allegations in some paper presentations. Since 1993, however, the rule has not applied to discovery. This article demonstrates how Rule 11 should be used to deter advocacy based on discovery that has "gone bad" since its initial disclosure. Disciplinary actions, malpractice claims, the discovery rules, and even the inherent sanctioning authority of the court are insufficient to deter lawyers from relying on now-bad discovery papers. Rule 11 would hold lawyers to a duty of reasonable inquiry before relying on prior discovery, including discovery conducted or presented by a prior lawyer or firm. This article proceeds in six parts. First, it generally demonstrates why it matters that Rule 11 apply to now-rotten discovery papers. Second, it employs a 2001 Fourth Circuit opinion to show how a Rule 11 application to gone-bad discovery would help deter frivolity in civil litigation. Third, it reviews the current rule's exclusion of "discovery process" violations, arguing that it does not encompass presentations of discovery once good, but now gone bad. Fourth, it briefly reviews how federal case practices on pleadings gone bad can apply to discovery gone bad. Fifth, it reviews comparable state laws and precedents on presentations of civil litigation papers gone bad. Finally, it concludes with suggestions on how Rule 11 sanctions should be assessed for advocacy of now-bad discovery papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the usage of Swales's ‘Moves’ in research paper assignment by composition students in the U.S. Most first-year composition students do not define the research paper task the way college teachers would like them to. The students do not necessarily produce papers overwhelmingly superior to their previous essays and worthy of publication in a scholarly journal. They do learn to view themselves as original researchers. The author does not require that all students adopt the localized-field-research approach, let alone that they all use Swales's moves in their introductions.

This article presents information related to emission of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from Chinese pulp and paper industry. The pulp-bleaching process was characterized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the nation's third largest dioxin source. Researchers have reported the levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in the bleached pulp from five Chinese paper mills in the north of China which use non wood plant fibers as raw materials. Many paper mills in China discharge the bleaching wastewater directly into rivers or lakes without any treatment.

The article focuses on the precedent formed in the U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times Co. versus (v.) United States, also known as (aka) the Pentagon Papers. It states that the actions by Julian Assange in the unauthorized issuance of classified data are a ploy to earn notoriety for WikiLeaks, which is his website. It says that restrictions on free press and on free speech are not new. It says that the case hinges on two free speech established tests, such as imminent lawless action and a present and clear danger.

This white paper is a collaborative endeavor of many individuals, including members of the American Association of Law Libraries and its Digital Access to Legal Information Committee (DALIC), formerly the Electronic Legal Information Access & Citation (ELIAC) Committee. First, Justice Yvonne Kauger introduces the topic by identifying the groundbreaking steps taken by the Oklahoma Supreme Court. Law librarians Carol Billings and Kathy Carlson next provide a detailed and comprehensive history of citation reform and the American Association of Law Libraries' leadership and involvement in the issue. They also summarize the citation reform steps taken in selected jurisdictions. Finally, John Cannan, current DALIC member, provides a look to the future, identifying reasons to advance needed citation reform now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on boys' consumption of and contributions to U.S. children's periodicals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Particular focus is given to the magazines "Boys of New York" and "Happy Days". According to the author, boys' fiction periodicals, called story papers, provided opportunities for youths to shape their consumer culture, improve their writing abilities, and explore adult roles. Topics discussed include professional literacy and letters to the editor.

The occurrence of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was investigated in 94 food-contact materials (FCMs). We detected 6:2 FTOH (<0.60--1110 ng/g), 8:2 FTOH (<0.40--8490 ng/g), and 10:2 FTOH (<0.02--9350 ng/g) in most FCM samples, and four longer-chain C14-20 FTOHs were, for the first time, identified in FCMs with relatively high concentrations (<0.02--8450 ng/g for 12:2 FTOH, <0.02--1640 ng/g for 14:2 FTOH, <0.02--372 ng/g for 16:2 FTOH, and <0.02--130 ng/g for 18:2 FTOH). There were three typical profiles of FTOHs that were dominated by 6:2 FTOH (95.6 ± 8.1% in 9 FCMs), 8:2 FTOH (50.9 ± 20.8% in 22 FCMs), and 10:2 FTOH (44.5 ± 20.9% in 30 FCMs), indicating the congener-specific usage of FTOHs for different commercial purposes. All nine detectable FCMs produced in the United States were dominated by 6:2 FTOH, which was significantly different from those produced in China. The median concentration of total FTOHs in eco-friendly paper tableware was 2990 ng/g, which was lower than in popcorn bags (18 200 ng/g) but much higher than other FCMs (<0.55--38.7 ng/g). FTOHs could migrate from paper bowls, with migration efficiencies of 0.004--0.24% into water, 0.004--0.24% into 10% ethanol, 0.009--2.79% into 30% ethanol, 0.06--13.0% into 50% ethanol (v/v) simulants, and 0.04--2.28% into oil. Migration efficiencies decreased with increasing carbon chain lengths of FTOHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Citation data can be used to evaluate the editorial policies and procedures of scientific journals. Here we investigate citation counts for the three different publication tracks of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). This analysis explores the consequences of differences in editor and referee selection, while controlling for the prestige of the journal in which the papers appear. Methodology/Principal Findings: We find that papers authored and ''Contributed'' by NAS members (Track III) are on average cited less often than papers that are ''Communicated'' for others by NAS members (Track I) or submitted directly via the standard peer review process (Track II). However, we also find that the variance in the citation count of Contributed papers, and to a lesser extent Communicated papers, is larger than for direct submissions. Therefore when examining the 10% most-cited papers from each track, Contributed papers receive the most citations, followed by Communicated papers, while Direct submissions receive the least citations. Conclusion/Significance: Our findings suggest that PNAS ''Contributed'' papers, in which NAS-member authors select their own reviewers, balance an overall lower impact with an increased probability of publishing exceptional papers. This analysis demonstrates that different editorial procedures are associated with different levels of impact, even within the same prominent journal, and raises interesting questions about the most appropriate metrics for judging an editorial policy's success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advisory Committees to the Food and Drag Administration provide FDA with expert advice on medical and scientific topics relevant to FDA's responsibility to protect and promote the public health. The history and experience with Advisory Committees (since authorization in federal law in 1972) provides a rich background to inform a review of best practices. The following best practices for the Advisory Committee process are noteworthy: • Role definition: A shared understanding of the roles of all participants in the Advisory Committee process helps to foster productive meetings and facilitates prompt resolution of potentially contentious issues. • Transparency: FDA and sponsor should operate with transparency in bidirectional sharing of information and perspectives before, during, and after a product-specific Advisory Committee meeting. • Regulatory knowledge: Advisory Committee members, .special government employees, consultants, and sponsors must all have a fundamental knowledge of the regulatory principles governing the Advisory Committee process, as well as development and registration of drug and biologic products. • Access and focus: FDA has an ongoing need for access to external medical and scientific experts to augment the agency's internal experts. Consultation with Advisory Committees should be focused on situations (as described in this article) where external advice is warranted to aid FDA in efforts to protect and promote the public health. • Training: Optimization of the Advisory Committee process and implementation of best practices across the multiple committees and reviewing divisions in FDA require training of all participants. PhRMA member companies strive to embrace these best practices in working with reviewing divisions, the Executive Secretary of each committee, and Advisory Committees. This white paper is presented to foster further dialogue to aid continuous improvement in the Advisory Committee process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of development, manufacturing, registration, distribution, and postmarketing support of drug and biologic products includes the need for clear, active, and ongoing communication between the sponsor/applicant and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Such communication occurs in written and spoken form, involving multiple media (including letters, secure e-mail, fax, face-to-face meetings, and teleconferences). Personnel in PhRMA member companies and FDA recognize the importance and challenges of communication. FDA's attention to a number of key principles of communication is illustrated in the guidance document Good Review Management Principles and Practices for PDUFA Products. this white paper, members of PhRMA's Best Practices Working Group have summarized key information on communication from the guidance document, proposed expectations for communications to facilitate a shared understanding between FDA and applicant about a communication strategy during review of a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA), and drafted some basic principles for companies to adopt to help foster constructive, professional, and efficient communication with FDA on Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) products. Dialogue with FDA and other stakeholders about these principles and proposals is suggested as the logical next step in discussion of best practices for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the collection of the papers of Tennessee political leader Edward Hull Crump which chronicles his career and provides an opportunity to explore the lives of 20th century U.S. citizens as they negotiated the catastrophes of economic devastation and global war. Important documents housed in the Crump collection; Details of the magazine and newspaper articles that document the evolution of Crump's media image; Letters and petitions from individual citizens and neighborhood groups demanding city action included in the Crump collection.

Background: A large number of papers regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and epilepsy have been published since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no bibliometric analysis on these papers. In this study, we aimed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of these papers, thus identifying the trends and future directions of COVID-19 and epilepsy research. Methods: Scientific papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy were retrieved through searches of the Web of Science Core Collection database. Title, authors, contributing institute, country, source journal, times cited, and additional information were extracted from each selected paper. Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism 8 were used to analyze the extracted data and export the bar charts and tables whilst VOSviewer software was used to perform and visualize co-authorship analysis and co-occurrence analysis of keywords. Results: A total of 317 papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy were included in the final analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior published the largest number of papers (n = 84). J. Helen Cross and Naoto Kuroda were the most prolific authors (n = 13 each). The United States (n = 88) and the University of London (n = 23) were the country and organization with the most contributions, respectively. The strongest authors' collaborations were between Giovanni Assenza and Jacopo Lanzone and between J. Helen Cross and Nathalie Jette. Selected author keywords were organized into seven clusters, and the keywords in clusters 1 and cluster 4 had the largest average appearing year of any clusters. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric analysis of papers regarding COVID-19 and epilepsy. Our results showed that the United States was the leading country whilst J. Helen Cross was the most influential scholar in COVID-19 and epilepsy research. psychological consequences of COVID-19, and the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for people with epilepsy, are possible areas for future research on COVID-19 and epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes our process for creating metadata for digitized (scanned) maps, using the Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records of the scanned maps' original paper counterparts as a starting point. Initially prompted by the need for metadata suitable for a consortial geoportal, we created new MARC records by applying a variety of programmatic edits using the software MarcEdit, as well as various manual edits as needed. These MARC records, in addition to supplying discrete records for the scans to our local catalog and WorldCat, served as the starting point for conversions to other metadata formats suitable for use in multiple discovery platforms, including the geoportal, our local digital repository, and the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA). The paper is therefore focused primarily on the MARC-to-MARC conversions – from descriptions of paper maps to descriptions of their scanned counterparts – that represent the first step of the conversions that followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the case of 1.5-generation Brazilians who migrated to Massachusetts in the 1980s and 1990s and grew up as unauthorized. Compared to unauthorized youth from other Latin American groups, Brazilians who migrated during this time are relatively privileged: they often come from Brazilian middle-class families, are relatively lighter-skinned, and as visa over-stayers who migrated pre-2001, they have been better positioned to access the very limited pathways to citizenship. Drawing primarily on in-depth interviews, I argue that “privilege without papers”—that is, the intersection of racial and/or social class privilege with (il)legality—shapes their lives in important and nuanced ways. Indeed, some 1.5-generation Brazilians are quite aware of their privilege relative to other unauthorized groups from Latin America. Many Brazilians have experienced movement toward legal inclusion in young adulthood either through Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, which grants partial inclusion, or through marriage or other legal dispensations that grant pathways to citizenship. Shifts in status have brought new opportunities, some peace of mind, and a degree of legitimacy. Yet, for many, including several who could pass as White, the legacy of legal exclusion has undermined their sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the short- and intermediate-term effects of repeatedly amending sandy soil with paper mill residuals (PMR) and composted PMR in a vegetable rotation in Wisconsin's central sands. Effects of PMR and composted PMR on total soil carbon; Changes in water-holding capacity and plant-available water (PAW); Relationship between total soil carbon and PAW.

The article presents an analysis of the geographic distribution of research papers submitted within the academic finance associations of the United States in the 1970s. The seven U.S. financial associations are identified and characterized by regional- or national-based status. Questions are raised regarding the legitimacy of such divisions, exploring the regional origins and influences of their participating members. It is suggested that the membership of all associations are broadly diverse and therefore are all national in character.

The article discusses Hawaiian groups' resistance to globalization. Rebellion begins when youth started to fight for the environment and their rights. Community members opposed the construction of golf courses, luxury condominiums, hotels and resorts. Local residents fought the construction of a geothermal power plant in Puna and the missile-launching in Ka'Ü district. In 1997, Stephen Yamashiro wanted to lease 4, 400 acres of Hawaii's Island to Oji Paper Ltd. Several organizations opposed the plan and in November, 1997, State Board of Land and Natural Resources rejected it. The author states that these events indicate the emergence of a more democratic politics on Hawaii Island and illustrates how local communities can set their own parameters for economic development.

The article presents the position papers approved by the 1996 House of Delegates of the American Dental Education Association in the U.S. It consists of statement on peer review and health care programs. It outlines the freedoms and responsibilities of individuals and institutions. It also highlights the due process for students in dental education.

The US paper and paperboard industry has experienced significant structural changes over the past 25 years, including reductions in the number of mills, lower rates of capacity growth, employment cutbacks and a loss of market share to foreign competitors. These structural shifts portray an industry that increasingly has difficulty adapting to a more competitive global environment. Based on aggregate data from 1965 to 1996, this article estimates a short-run translog (TL) cost function for the industry. The estimated model fits the data well and all sample points satisfy monotonicity and concavity conditions at all points. Among the findings, the industry operates at slightly increasing returns to capital utilization and labour and energy are Allen-Uzawa complements but Morishima substitutes in production. Technological progress generated 0.02% reduction in annual operating costs and consistent with an ailing US industry, estimated marginal costs approximated average operating costs until 1982 after which marginal costs significantly diverged from average operating costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a reexamination of the application of the third-party doctrine to conveyed papers and records as of January 2014, focusing on the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the case United States v. Jones which deals with trespass, search and seizure laws, and a reasonable expectation of privacy. According to the article, the third-party doctrine states that individuals lose their Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protection for information knowingly revealed to third parties.

Presents evidence that the presentation order of audit working-paper documentation affects the outcome of audit partners' going-concern decisions. Interaction of memory organization and the organization of working-paper evidence to affect audit decisions; Effects of order manipulation on the subjects' going-concern decisions; Implications of the research for audit working-paper design.

The article discusses the potential business models of electronic paper devices used by stakeholders in the newspaper value network in the U.S. The value chain and network hold roles important for production and distribution of content on the e-paper device. The newspaper model on e-paper offers particular service on its device. The kiosk model provides additional value to users who can use e-paper reader as mobile platform. It also mentions that newspapers will consider using new distribution channels as way to diversify services.

The article focuses on several classroom activities that prompt students to investigate and discover mathematical formulas in determining the areas of shapes through the use of dot papers. It is said that students in the U.S. are rarely provided with chance to find out the formulas for themselves. Several mathematical problems on finding areas on dot paper are presented.

The author discusses the impact that John M. Virgo had on economists with the authored paper competition for undergraduate students in the U.S. The author mentions that the competition was discussed during the International Atlantic Economic Society (IAES) executive committee meeting with an aim to make the economics profession attractive to the students. He states that the competition offers a $500 award, along with commemorative plaques to the winner and the runners-up.

Curative treatment of bone sarcoma is primarily based on operative management. The Orthopedic Oncology approach towards this disease has evolved greatly to the breakthrough in systemic treatment options as well as unique implant designs favoring limb salvage over amputations. The purpose of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited papers related to the orthopedic the approach to bone sarcomas. We queried the ISI Web of Knowledge database in July 2022. Keywords utilized were: ""Bone Sarcoma" OR "Osteosarcoma" OR "Ewing Sarcoma" OR "Chondrosarcoma" OR "Chordoma". The top 50 articles pertaining to the orthopedic approach to bone sarcoma were included for analysis and included manuscript title, authors, citation count, journal and publication year. The mean number of citations are 187.06 (Range 125–400; SD 67.83). The average citations per year is 10.03 (Range 47.86–3.43; SD 8.05). Many articles were published from 2000 to 2009 (n = 20) and 1990–1999 (n = 13). The majority of the articles were published by institutions within the United States (n = 32). The most common level of evidence was level IV (n = 37). Majority of the articles focused on treatment outcome (n = 22). This study offers a comprehensive review of the most cited literature regarding orthopedic approaches to bony sarcomas. Modern treatment approaches for bone sarcoma has resulted in an increased focus within the literature on achieving disease free survival wide tissue margins. Understanding the trends of available studies allows for physicians and researchers to target and innovate future areas of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comment on the article "Housing Choice and Relative Tenure Prices," by William B. Brueggeman and Richard B. Peiser, published in the November 1979 issue of the "Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis." The author takes issue with the fact that the authors overlooked the more interesting and difficult implications of their work, such as why a bias for home ownership exists, are markets imperfect and what is the length of lag time in adjustment, what impact does taxation have on the bias, what is the impact of changing prices and expectation on the bias and adjustment process, and what are the consequences of joint investment-consumption aspects of ownership.

An introduction to articles in the issue is presented on topics including description of a free neurorehabilitation clinic staffed by volunteers to fill the gap for people with physical, cognitive, and communication disorders, concussion recovery as a dichotomous state, and how and why we do what we do in clinical practice.

Aim: The present study aimed to perform scientometric assessment of global publications output of research on Azadirachta indica during 1997–2016. Methodology: The present study examined 4900 global publications on A. indica, as indexed and covered in international Scopus database during 1997–2016 with a view to understanding their growth rate, global publication share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication, and bibliographic characteristics of high cited papers. Results: The global publications registered 7.61% annual average growth rate, and its citation impact averaged to 13.91 citations per paper. The global share of top 10 countries ranged from 1.91% to 31.04%, with the largest share (53.49%) from India, followed by Brazil (6.12%), USA (6.02%), etc., About 86.82% and 85.81% of the cumulative global publication and citation share comes from top 10 countries during 1997–2016. The cumulative global share of top 10 countries increased from 85.89% to 86.35% from 1997–2006 to 2007–2017. Only top three countries registered relative citation index above the world average of 1.0: UK (1.95), USA (1.71), and Germany (1.42) during 1997–2016. Agricultural and biological sciences contributed the largest global publications share of 48.41%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics (22.04%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (17.35%), medicine (16.80%), environmental science (13.39%), and other three sub-fields contribution varying from 4.90% to 8.22% during 1997–2016. Eight hundred and forty-eight global organizations and 1589 authors participated in global A. indica research, of which the 25 most productive global organizations and authors together contributed 20.65% and 8.92% global publication share and 22.43% and 12.66% global citation share, respectively, during 1997–2016. Among 4387 journal papers (in 959 journals) in global A. indica research, the top 20 most productive journals together contributed 43.63% global share of total journal publication output during 1997–2016. Conclusion: Totally, 78 publications were found to be high cited, as they registered citations from 100 to 1441 during 1997–2016 and they together received 18,498 citations, averaging to 237.15 citations per paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women comprise more than one third of the active physician workforce, an estimated 46% of all physicians-in-training, and more than half of all medical students in the United States. Although progress has been made toward gender diversity in the physician workforce, disparities in compensation exist and inequities have contributed to a disproportionately low number of female physicians achieving academic advancement and serving in leadership positions. Women in medicine face other challenges, including a lack of mentors, discrimination, gender bias, cultural environment of the workplace, imposter syndrome, and the need for better work–life integration. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians summarizes the unique challenges female physicians face over the course of their careers and provides recommendations to improve gender equity and ensure that the full potential of female physicians is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project takes up the intersection of medium and content as a place where they can radically reconfigure one another. The entire process is a sort of unlearning; the habitual use of paper is disrupted. Physicality and meaning merge and emerge. Readers' doings interact and transform both the meaning and background - the content (meaning) that traditionally would be simply re-presented via sheets of paper (background). Troubling just a small, habitual action leads to remarkably different modes of knowing and being. Action, object, meaning, reader and author (re)form tentative self-altering assemblages. These assemblages spiral out in new directions, moving beyond the confines of authorial intent. (Re)new(ed) configurations of self, meaning and object spring forth, opening themselves to different vectors. In order to explore these possibilities, I ask that you print out this article double-sided and cut/fold/etc. as instructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces that Associate Editor Deborah Holtzman received the journal's Reviewer of the Year Award and the article "The Epidemic of Despair Among White Americans: Trends in the Leading Causes of Premature Death, 1999–2015" by E.M. Stein and others won the Paper of the Year Award.

The article focuses on the failure of the doctrine of the United States Supreme Court between 1953 and 1969 that aimed at expanding the protections of Fourth Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. It also discusses the importance of the doctrinal shift in analysis from Fourth Amendment security to the unreasonableness of police conduct. It also discusses several cases related to Fourth Amendment including Georgia v. Randolph, United States v. Matlock and Schneckloth v. Bustamonte.

The article presents information on a briefing paper which explains why professional teachers of the arts disciplines in the U.S. have continued to deal with problems of justification for rigorous, sequential arts instruction. The paper was presented by eight groups including Music Educators National Conference, National Art Education Association, National Dance Association, American Theatre Association, National Association of Schools of Music, National Association of Schools of Art and Design, National Association of Schools of Theatre and National Association of Schools of Dance.

Discusses the results of a content analysis study which determined that papers of 12 (of 13) presidential candidates in the 1988 election year finds that the more liberal the candidate, the greater the agenda diversity of his position papers. Candidates who remained longest in the race display the greatest agenda diversity. How future studies should determine if candidate diversity is reflected in audience learning; More.

Focuses on a research regarding international news photos in the U.S. and Canadian papers. Space allotment provided by Canadian and U.S. newspapers to photographs of international news; Impact of the nature of news photos on space allotment; Similarities and differences on the manner of presenting news photos by the U.S. and Canadian papers.

Explores the nature of conglomerate ownership of newspapers in the U.S. Citation of the corporate divestiture of the International Paper Co. (IPC); Breakdown of the newspaper investments of IPC; Role of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission on the operation of newspapers.

This research article critically analyses the photographs and illustrations that have been used to support arguments about Omar Khadr. Khadr was a 15-year-old who was captured by the US in Afghanistan, transferred to Guantanamo Bay where he was charged with murder and submitted to US interrogation. Throughout this process both supporters and opponents of Khadr have used pictures to support their claims. By examining and discussing these images it is possible to detect biases and prejudices that attempt to sway and influence the reader to the particular ideology of the writers. The article studies in depth images both for, and against, Khadr. It shows the different, printing and illustrating techniques that add menace to existing photographs, or soften the image for a more peaceful approach. In particular, it subjects the image of Khadr's damaged body being assisted by soldiers to a critical analysis to reveal what it really shows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk and outcome of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) remain a challenge. We aimed to assess the incidence, risk, burden, and prophylaxis of DVT after SCI. Thirty-nine studies were identified from among 250 relevant articles based on firstly, broad criterion of DVT among SCI cases. secondly, "risk factors" impacting DVT, thirdly, published reports from apex bodies of global importance such as World Health Organization, Centre for disease control, Atlanta USA, and others were given due weightage for their authenticity. SCI is characterized by loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function with partial or total damage of the anatomical structure leading to increased risk of thrombogenesis. SCIs present a higher risk of venous DVT constituting 9.7% of deaths in the 1st year of follow-up. Currently, prophylaxis with mechanical methods, vena cava filters and antithrombotic chemoprophylaxis in SCI are interventions for the management of DVT. DVT in SCI patients is not uncommon and needs a high index of suspicion and implementation of institutional prophylaxis protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paradox within United States immigration policy. Immigration policy separates families while also promising family unity. We address this paradox by arguing that state actors use "family" as a state-granted status. The state perceives some households as families and grants them benefits, while forcing other households to live as legal strangers. Individuals may form familial relationships, but the privileges and status of family are controlled by state actors and institutions. When state actors separate low-wage immigrant worker families, the state's family-status-granting power keeps these workers and their families in a state of "deportability"-a legally ambiguous limbo-satiating business interests and securing a captive low-wage workforce. Lacking legal legitimacy, but financially and socially tied to their families and communities in the U.S., these immigrants have few options but to accept off-the-radar work and to raise their children while living as "outlaws.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fresno, California, is home to more than 30,000 Hmong. The purpose of this research was to explore the utilization of Hmong shamans 40 years after the first Hmong immigrants arrived in the United States. Hmong shamanism is examined to identify and analyze changes to shamans' practices or patients. Methods: Using grounded theory, semistructured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 shamans in their homes. Transcribed data were qualitatively analyzed. Results: Shamans continue to train and practice in this community; utilization by older patients persists while young adult patients have become the fastest-growing group of users. Healing rituals have changed in response to the legalities of animal sacrifice in urban areas and the time demands of work schedules. Discussion: Nurses' awareness that the availability of biomedicine does not preclude the continuing or recurring utilization of traditional healers can facilitate understanding of culturally defined health care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the extreme conditioning programs (ECPs) for U.S. military personnel. It mentions that members of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) discussed the so-called high-intensity training (HIT) program on September 13-14, 2011, to develop guidelines for ECPs and reduce the risk of injury. It also says that military leaders should conduct an evaluation of ECPs.

Objectives: To (1) generate discussion about the role of the pharmacist in supporting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (2) provide practical recommendations on how pharmacists can work with employers and other health care providers to improve patient outcomes, and (3) develop a pharmacist-based service offering for patients with COPD. Data sources: Literature review and survey information provided by a group of national stakeholders who participated in a roundtable discussion. Summary: COPD is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and incidence rates have been increasing. COPD is estimated to affect 24 million American adults, with almost one-half remaining undiagnosed. If current trends continue, COPD is predicted to become the third leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of morbidity in the United States by 2020. This will cause a dramatic increase in use of health care resources, which is projected to reach annual total lusts of $49.9 billion in 2010. Roundtable participants uniformly agreed that based on current and projected statistics. COPD is a major health concern. To address this growing concern, emphasis should be placed on the collaborative efforts of the health care community to become active in the detection, assessment, treatment, and management of patients with COPD and that pharmacists can contribute to each of these areas considerably. Conclusion: Access in the community (often 24 hours a day, 7 days a week) combined with extensive clinical knowledge makes pharmacists uniquely capable of helping those with chronic disease, especially patients with COPD who require monitoring and encouragement throughout their lifelong treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses how the proposed Kaiparowits power plant in Utah during the mid-1960s failed to materialized. Location of the plant; Plant's proximity to several national parks and monuments; Role of the politics of environmentalism in the demise of the power plant plan.

Abstract: This article examines the history of the Outdoor Recreation Resource Review Commission (ORRRC) in the United States between 1955 and 1963 and efforts to make recreational resources legible for federal governance. By drawing on insights from Critical Resource Geography, I highlight the ways that the ORRRC systematically accounted for and categorized recreational resources, creating a “patchwork landscape” that zoned outdoor recreational resources and promoted efficient use and rational resource conservation. I argue that these efforts required a negotiation between abstraction and an awareness of the situated nature of recreational landscapes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a brief history of Young Adult Alternative Newsletter (YAAN) publication in the U.S. It mentions that the publication is considered as an antecedent of blogs which has mission to be heard, connect, share and communicate with other people of shared interests. It notes that it was created, lived, and ceased in the 1970's before blogs or even access to the personal computers has existed.

Objective: To convene a group of expert stakeholders to develop recommendations for standardizing systems for the implementation of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). Data sources: On July 15, 2009, the American Pharmacists Association convened an expert panel of stakeholders to explore standardized solutions to REMS development and implementation. Meeting participants included pharmacists from various practice settings, physicians, researchers, patient advocates, and a nursing delegate, and the meeting was observed by a U.S. Food and Drug Administration representative. The stakeholders' recommendations were combined with themes arising from discussion of their experiences with existing REMS, and a review of the literature on REMS and risk management was performed by the author. Summary: A systematic, standardized REMS process that balances the need to control the risks of medications with the need to minimize the impact on patient access is required. A standardized REMS system could address various aspects of development and implementation, including the creation of specific REMS "levels," centralized systems for data management and program structure, public education, individualized patient education, provider education, access to medications, pilot testing, outcomes monitoring, and quality of care. Conclusion: Several strategies to streamline the development and implementation of a REMS system are feasible. Incorporating such strategies is necessary to manage the rapidly growing number of individual and diverse REMS programs that patients and health care providers must navigate. Furthermore, a standardized REMS system could be used to improve quality of care and support patient education and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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