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Feelings of empowerment among students are crucial prerequisites to their participation in change agency in both educational and non-educational settings. Educators notice a compelling correlation between student empowerment and academic achievement and other positive outcomes in K–12 educational environments. School counselors are optimally positioned to influence positive changes in power dynamics and student outcomes by creating space for students, especially those who have been historically marginalized, to become change agents within their environments. The Student Change Agent Model operationalized through the Advocating Student-within-Environment theoretical framework and delivered through the evidence-based school counseling approach is one proposed way for school counselors to achieve and evaluate the extent of their impacts on student empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive learning environments are new generation learning environments that support the use of technology in education. The most popular and most entertaining of these technological learning environments are digital games. Within the scope of the study, digital games and health education related keywords were searched in ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. In the study, which focused on the years 2015–2021, a total of 557 articles were reached and 23 articles the inclusion criteria in line with the criteria determined before the research. Various age groups were examined in the studies. Design-based research has been carried out mostly in the field of sexual health education. The results show that the effects of the use of digital games in health education on participants' health knowledge and health literacy, health motivation and attitude, health self-efficacy and self-awareness, and participants' views on game usability and game experience were examined. In addition, it was stated in some studies that the health status of participants who played digital health games improved. In all of the studies examined in the current meta-synthesis, positive results were obtained in the use of digital games in health education. The article ends with the identification of gaps in the literature and recommendations for additional research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretically, teacher self-efficacy relates to student outcomes through teaching behavior. However, underlying pathways through which specific teacher self-efficacy facets longitudinally relate to student motivation and emotion in classrooms remain unclear. This study aims to overcome this research gap by investigating whether student- and teacher-reported classroom discipline and social relatedness explain the longitudinal relations between teacher self-efficacy for classroom management and for emotional support and student self-efficacy and enjoyment. Multilevel analyses were carried out with data from 959 students and their 50 teachers. Results revealed that teacher self-efficacy for classroom management at the beginning of Grade 9 (T1) related indirectly to student enjoyment in the middle of Grade 10 (T3) through student-perceived class-level discipline at the beginning of Grade 10 (T2). Teachers' self-efficacy for emotional support (T1) related positively to teacher- and student-reported social relatedness (T2); the latter related to student enjoyment (T3). Implications for future teacher motivation research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although learned helplessness has a long research tradition, neither its contextual predictors nor the ways that they take effect are fully understood. This study inquired into the role of selected aspects of the home learning environment for academic helplessness. We tested whether three dimensions of parent-child school-related interactions—school-related assistance, structure, and responsiveness—predicted helplessness in maths. The study also verified whether student self-efficacy in maths partially mediated the relationships. The analyses were run on a sample of 6726 German secondary school students and used structural equation modelling. They confirmed that higher school-related assistance, structure, and responsiveness in Grade 7 were associated with lower helplessness in maths in Grade 7. Moreover, self-efficacy in maths was a partial mediator of these relationships. Additional analyses with helplessness in maths measured in Grade 9 revealed the same pattern of results for school-related assistance and responsiveness, but only an indirect link was present in the case of structure. The results highlight the protective role that parent-child interactions around school may play against academic helplessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' well-being, learning activities, and learning success are key student outcomes that can be affected by challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is vital to investigate the role of important personal (resilience, self-efficacy) and social resources (support from family, friends, teachers, important other) for central student outcomes (life satisfaction as a vital aspect of well-being, learning activities, and learning success) alongside perception of the COVID-19 situation. While the pandemic affected all of society, adolescents as a group who face core developmental challenges were especially vulnerable towards being negatively affected by the pandemic. Thus, analyses are based on 220 adolescent students (60.9% female, 37.7% male, 1.4% diverse) in Germany who were 16.21 years old on average (SD = 0.88) at time of data collection in May 2021. Students filled out an online questionnaire on sociodemographics and variables of interest. Path models revealed that perceiving the COVID-19 pandemic as stressful was negatively related to life satisfaction (β = -.27). Furthermore, perceiving the COVID-19 pandemic as stressful was negatively related to students' self-efficacy (β = -.22) and positively to support from an important other (β =.32). Moreover, several resources were mainly positively related to our central student outcomes (β =.13-.41), and perception of the COVID-19 situation mediated two of those relations. Results underscore the importance of students' self-efficacy, which was related to all student outcomes. Furthermore, the results and methodological issues can impact further research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Achievement Goals Theory and Students' Approaches to Learning, we proposed a model in which students' self‐efficacy acts as a mediator between students' performance‐approach goals orientation and their approach to learning in dealing with academic tasks throughout an academic year. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the model on a sample of 565 first‐year university students at three different moments. The results showed that self‐efficacy in academic tasks at T2 totally mediated the relationship between performance‐approach goals at T1 and the deep approach at T3 and partially the relationship with the surface approach at T3. The results underline that if the direct effect of performance‐approach goals is that of the surface approach intensification without any impact on the deep approach, an increase in the deep approach and a decline in the surface approach can be observed through self‐efficacy in academic tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding poverty and related social determinants is an important component of health profession training so that students understand how to care for under-resourced communities. This study assessed the impact of poverty simulations on students' self-efficacy to practice in vulnerable communities. We used a retrospective study to evaluate the influence of a poverty simulation students' knowledge, skills, and intent to serve in under resourced communities. Data analysis (n = 650) demonstrated significant improvements around care team collaboration and how a patient's background impacts their overall health care. The project identified an effective strategy to help students build self-efficacy to practice in under-resourced communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate learning motivation and self-efficacy among seventh graders. The result of the findings was the low of confidence in public speaking, business writing, and the lack of interest in English culture, history and literature. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was utilized, involving 283 seventh grade learners from one of the schools in Cluster 1 Division of Pampanga. The result of the study showed that the respondents have low confidence in writing an English letter, are afraid of public speaking, and lack interest in English cultural content. On the other hand, they see English as a tool for their future when they seek jobs or travel abroad, and they also see English as their motivation to study hard for their future career. Furthermore, the study also discovered connection between the two variables. Learning motivation could result from the positive outcomes of the students' insight when it comes to English; they would motivate themselves to master English. Although self-efficacy will determine their beliefs about their ability to learn, these learning motivations and self-efficacy further contribute to improving the learning confidence of a student. Finally, the findings have significance for boosting confidence and improving the abilities of the learners. Providing opportunities for students to use English in supportive environments, making English learning relevant and engaging, and helping students develop positive self-efficacy beliefs about their ability to learn English should be the main goals of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social norms are important predictors of youth attitudes and behaviours. There is substantial evidence that positive and meaningful intergroup contact supported by inclusive norms can have a range of benefits beyond prejudice reduction. The present research explores whether perceived peer inclusion norms and perceived norms of equality in school are associated with better quality and more frequent intergroup contact and in turn, whether these are associated with better academic self‐efficacy. To test these assertions, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey with ethnic majority and ethnic minority youth aged 11–12 (n = 629, 48% female, 43% minority ethnic) attending one of four ethnically diverse secondary schools in England. In support of our hypotheses, we found that both perceived inclusive peer norms and perceived school equality norms were associated with higher quantity and quality of contact for both ethnic majority and minority group youth. An indirect effect was observed whereby perceived peer norms of inclusion and school norms of equality were associated with higher academic self‐efficacy through higher quality outgroup contact for both groups. No indirect effect was observed for contact quantity. Findings evidence the importance of perceived peer and school equality norms as well as intergroup contact effects for outcomes that go beyond prejudice reduction, in this case academic self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming and their impact on programming self‐efficacy and coding performance for both slow‐ and fast‐paced students. Forty‐six postgraduate students participated in the study. The students were asked to solve programming problems in pairs; those pairs' conversations were recorded when they worked on their tasks. Data analysis methods, including lag sequential analysis, cluster analysis and paired t‐test, were employed, and the results showed that (1) four collaborative dialogue patterns emerged: Lecture, Guide, Question and Answer (Q&A), and Inquiry patterns; (2) Guide and Inquiry patterns significantly increased programming self‐efficacy for both fast‐ and slow‐paced students while Lecture and Q&A patterns significantly increased programming self‐efficacy for slow‐paced students but not for fast‐paced students; (3) Guide and Inquiry patterns played a significant role in improving coding performance for slow‐paced students. The study reveals a complex relationship between collaborative dialogue patterns with programming self‐efficacy and coding performance, critically affecting students' pair programming quality. Further details of the findings are also discussed. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Pair programming is promising in promoting problem solving and knowledge transfer and is widely used in programming education.There are different patterns observed in the pair programming process.Collaborative dialogue patterns found in "expert‐novice" pair programming were derived from a single programming task.What this paper adds Four collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming emerged by increasing the different tasks and experiment duration and expanding the sample size, which further verified the stability of the similar patterns in previous studies.Four collaborative dialogue patterns showed different significant impacts on different students' programming self‐efficacy and coding performance.This study presents the finer‐grained characteristics of collaborative interaction in programmer pairs and contributes to the explanation regarding the different effects of pair programming reported in previous studies.Implications for practice and/or policy Four collaborative dialogue patterns can help the teachers understand the collaborative process of pair programming between fast‐ and slow‐paced students.The collaborative dialogue patterns can be used to formulate effective intervention strategies to stimulate the process of collaboration in pairs and applied in future programming education to provide a new path for cultivating and promoting students' programming abilities.It is worth further investigating the impact of collaborative dialogue patterns on students' computational thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics has played an increasingly important role in applied linguistics research. However, little research has been available that sheds light on statistical literacy among early‐career researchers of applied linguistics. The study reported in this article surveyed statistical literacy, attitudes toward statistics, and statistics self‐efficacy among Chinese applied linguistics research students and further examined the inter‐variable relationships. Based on analyses of the cross‐sectional survey of 211 master's students, we found that: (1) the students' overall statistical literacy was not satisfying; (2) although they thought positively of statistics, they were not particularly confident with statistics; (3) the three experience‐related variables—the number of statistics courses taken, quantitative research orientation, and self‐training—were important predictors of statistical literacy, attitudes toward statistics, and statistics self‐efficacy; and (4) statistics self‐efficacy seemed to mediate the relationship between attitudes toward statistics and statistical literacy. We discussed these findings in relation to improving statistics courses in applied linguistics program in China and to statistics learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to address knowledge gaps regarding the role of self-regulated learning as a mediator in the relationship between interactions, internet self-efficacy, and student satisfaction. We conducted a survey of 1590 students from north Indian universities about their level of satisfaction, self-regulated learning, internet self-efficacy, and different interactions (learner-learner interaction, learner-content interaction, and learner-instructor interaction) during emergency remote teaching. By employing a two-stage SEM-ANN approach, this study contributes to methodological advancements and provides a comprehensive analysis of complex relationships. According to the findings, the identified factors are significant predictors of students' satisfaction with online education in synchronous settings. Our research also shows that self-regulated learning fully mediates the effect of internet self-efficacy on student satisfaction during emergency remote teaching. This suggests that internet self-efficacy alone may not guarantee student satisfaction unless accompanied by self-regulated learning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because strong oral communication skills have well-known academic, social, and professional benefits, they are increasingly targeted and reinforced throughout general education programs in higher education. In these efforts, public speaking assignments most often ask students to discuss information they have previously written about (e.g., theses defenses, position statements, research papers). This article presents a reverse approach—using short oral presentations to prepare students for subsequent written assignments. Previous studies have found that students will more closely read and evaluate source materials when they must articulate the information orally for an audience. Integrating oral presentations in the writing process gives students practice with language and vocabulary, but maybe more importantly, it also has the potential to increase students' self-efficacy—their confidence in their ability to understand and successfully complete additional research-related activities—which can, in turn, positively affect engagement and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study aimed to assess the strength of primary school students' (aged 11–12 years old) Science Self-Efficacy (SSE) beliefs, identify emanating sources, and investigate any gender-related differences. School SSE is defined here as perceived capacity to complete learning outcomes from the upper Irish primary science curriculum. The strengths and sources of participants' school SSE beliefs were assessed quantitatively (N = 260) using the Irish Science Self-Efficacy Children's Questionnaire (IS-SEC-Q). Twenty-five students were interviewed to further explore the origins of their SSE, and their perception of science in the classroom. Results indicated that students' self-efficacy to perform scientific skills was lower than their self-efficacy to answer questions. Mastery experience was found to be the strongest predictor of self-efficacy in science skills, corroborating findings from other educational contexts. However, students report that they seldom engage in hands-on science during school, suggesting that Irish classrooms still lack student-led investigations. Gender-related results are also highlighted. This work serves as the first report of students' school SSE beliefs in Ireland, expands upon existing literature surrounding the SSE beliefs of pre-adolescent students, and discusses implications for classroom practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feelings of empowerment among students are crucial prerequisites to their participation in change agency in both educational and non-educational settings. Educators notice a compelling correlation between student empowerment and academic achievement and other positive outcomes in K–12 educational environments. School counselors are optimally positioned to influence positive changes in power dynamics and student outcomes by creating space for students, especially those who have been historically marginalized, to become change agents within their environments. The Student Change Agent Model operationalized through the Advocating Student-within-Environment theoretical framework and delivered through the evidence-based school counseling approach is one proposed way for school counselors to achieve and evaluate the extent of their impacts on student empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study explores changes in self-efficacy and motivational beliefs for learners beginning to study via English-medium instruction (EMI) at a transnational university in China. Following first-year local Chinese students over their first semester of learning via EMI, the study focuses on changes in learner self-efficacy beliefs towards lecture listening alongside task value, intrinsic goal orientation, and extrinsic goal orientation. It draws upon questionnaire (N = 412) and interview data (n = 34) to show significant gains in student self-efficacy due to (1) enactive mastery experiences and (2) the development of strategies for mediating the impact of negative affect. A midterm drop in the strength of intrinsic goal orientations contrasted with a greater focus on extrinsic factors, indicating that as students transitioned to the EMI environment, short-term extrinsic factors were of greater importance. However, findings indicate a rebound in the importance of intrinsic factors due to stronger self-efficacy and self-appraisals of success in EMI study, indicating a relationship between efficacy beliefs and intrinsic value orientations. The results contribute to the currently limited research on learner motivation development during transition into EMI transnational higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the incorporation of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, into a cellular and molecular bioengineering graduate course. The debate surrounding the use of LLMs in higher education is explored, with some advocating for their integration to prepare students for future careers and increase engagement, while others express concerns about the reliability of LLM-generated content. The author describes their approach of incorporating LLMs into coursework and exams, allowing students to compare their own responses with those generated by the LLM and providing opportunities for critique. Student feedback suggests that this approach enhanced understanding, empowered learning, and fostered creativity. The article acknowledges limitations, such as the potential for plagiarism and the need for careful oversight and grading. Overall, the author believes that students appreciated this method and were enthusiastic about their instructor embracing new technologies. [Extracted from the article]

This exploratory study evaluated a program focused on building resiliency and self-efficacy in college students through a combination of rock climbing and recreational therapy interventions that included mindfulness, and reflective journaling activities. The study imbedded therapeutic programming in an introductory rock climbing course offered through a university over three consecutive days. Secondary aims were to determine the feasibility of offering therapeutic programming to college students within a recreation-based academic course and to evaluate the program's value to students. Results indicate participants (N = 12) experienced a significant increase in resilience (p = .003) and self-efficacy (p = .01) post-program, and all participants either agreed (n = 4) or strongly agreed (n = 8) the program had value to them. Feasibility data using multiple measures indicate it is feasible to offer brief, therapeutic programming as part of a university rock climbing course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across undergraduate STEM learning contexts in several countries, students' intrapersonal attributes of epistemic beliefs, self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, and sense of identity have been found to influence learning and to change in response to educational practices. However, research can mask individual and demographic differences in student's attributes that may moderate or mediate the relationship between educational practices and learning outcomes. We employed variable-centered and person-centered methods to examine individual and demographic differences in changes in students' intrapersonal attributes and patterns of interrelationship among attributes with a study sample of students (N = 4,500) in 14 STEM undergraduate courses (8 biology, 4 chemistry, and 2 statistics) at three research universities in the United States. Variable-centered analyses revealed overall increases in students' science self-efficacy beliefs and epistemic beliefs even though these outcomes were not intentionally targeted as learning objectives. However, person-centered analyses indicated that not all students experienced these gains. For example, self-identified Asian/Pacific Islander and Black students were more likely to be members of groups demonstrating a decrease in science self-efficacy, whereas Asian/Pacific Islander students and men were less likely to be members of the subgroup with consistently evaluativist epistemic beliefs and higher GPAs. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we identified five distinct student profiles that reflected different patterns of interrelationship of epistemic beliefs, science and writing self-efficacy beliefs, and science identity. We discuss the implications of these findings for educational practices, particularly with regard to intentionally fostering diverse students' self-efficacy, sense of identity, and adaptive epistemic beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media and information literacy (MIL) is one of the crucial factors to sustain in the age of information explosion. Particularly, LIS students need to be literate regarding media and information around them to provide authentic information in their future workplaces. The study aims to identify the MIL self-efficacy level of LIS students and the influence of demographics on this. The study adopted a quantitative approach to identify the MIL level of LIS students using a structured questionnaire. The data was collected from 337 LIS students from different public and private universities in Bangladesh using a convenience sampling technique. The study reveals that LIS students in Bangladesh rated their level of MIL as moderate, but at the same time, they are confident regarding their competence in accessing relevant resources using different media. It is also observed that LIS students' MIL level is comparatively less in creation than other dimensions like access, evaluation, use, and understanding. The research also found significant differences between the students' demographics and their MIL level. This is one of the first attempts in Bangladesh to analyze LIS students' MIL self-efficacy level. The study can be broadened in the future to understand the factors affecting the MIL level of LIS students in Banglaesh by adopting a qualitative research strategy. In addition, the problems can also be identified from future studies which will provide a guideline to the respective LIS departments on how to improve the MIL level of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: College students have increasing mental health needs; however, there has not been a related increase in services available. Mental health apps offer an avenue to support access to student mental healthcare. Objective: This study incorporated an indirect service-learning project involving evaluating and recommending mental health apps to the college counseling center into an undergraduate clinical psychology course in order to (1) increase student self-efficacy and depth of learning, and (2) increase evidence-based mental health app usage on a college campus. Method: The project was implemented during an online, synchronous 3-week course and 15 students participated in the study. Student self-report of self-efficacy was measured pre- and post-course and quantitative and qualitative reflections on the project were gathered post-course. Results: Student self-efficacy increased from pre- to post-course. Additionally, students reported that the project met pedagogical objectives by engaging students, aligning with course content, and addressing APA learning goals. Conclusion: The project holds promise as a means to improve student self-efficacy and enhance clinical psychology learning, while simultaneously disseminating evidence-based digital mental tools on college campuses. Teaching Implications: App evaluation as indirect service-learning could be implemented in many applied psychology courses across multiple of course formats and lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article suggests pedagogical practices to help first-generation students gain effective problem-solving strategies for the future transfer of writing knowledge and skills. The retention of first-generation students depends on developing four positive dispositions for learning: success attribution, self-efficacy, expectancy value, and self-regulation. Meaningful writing assignments with a connection to students' cultural experiences are an essential foundation for improving transfer. Specific reflective activities are detailed for analyzing emotional reactions to writing experiences, evaluating procedural writing strategies, and solving current and future writing-related problems. A reflective problem-solving pedagogy promotes deep learning by emphasizing students' agency in responding to writing difficulties and their resourcefulness in creating successful solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on the influencing factors of the use of digital learning resources is the focus of this field. Although a large number of empirical studies involve the discussion of influencing factors, the conclusions of different studies are also different. Through meta-analysis, taking 146 effect values and 9996 independent research objects in 19 works of literature as samples, this study analyzes the effective influencing factors of digital learning resource use, and compares the differences of the influencing effects of each factor on use behavior and use intention. The study found that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Content Quality, Subjective Norm, and Self-Efficacy is the common effective influencing factors of use behavior and use intention, and the influence effect of each factor on use intention is significantly greater than that of use behavior. The research results of this study further develop the understanding of the influencing factors of the Technology Acceptance Model and propose to deepen the research on irrational factors to the academic community. It is also hoped that the disclosure of the above influencing effects in this study can provide support for the builders of digital learning resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many undergraduate students avoid mathematics classes due to math anxiety. This curtails options, particularly STEM majors where workers are needed and jobs are prevalent. This study aimed to investigate whether self-efficacy, mindfulness, and self-compassion predicted math anxiety. Participants of this study were undergraduate students (N = 345) from the Mathematics Department at a large Southeastern U.S. university. There was a significant difference in math anxiety scores between students pursuing STEM and non-STEM degrees. Non-STEM majors had higher scores on a measure of math anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression results suggested that self-efficacy and self-compassion predicted math anxiety. There was a significant correlation, but not a predictive relationship, between mindfulness and math anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Context: The "college-for-all" movement has guided education reform efforts over the last few decades. Of college-for-all adopters, the "no-excuses" charter school model is arguably the most successful and controversial. Schools that use this model produce high standardized test scores and four-year college acceptance rates for marginalized students. However, questions regarding whether the ends of college-for-all justify the practices utilized by these schools to achieve such outcomes are prevalant. Few studies have investigated how institutional agents—critical actors in the college preparation process for marginalized youth—seek to reflect on and change potentially problematic college-for-all approaches in a no-excuses charter high school context. Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to understand how institutional agents perceive the ways in which the economic, social, and political drivers of the college-for-all ethos have shaped their "no-excuses" charter high school and (2) to uncover how institutional agents are attempting to (re)imagine and transform traditional "no-excuses" beliefs and practices related to college readiness and success in their high school context. Research Design: This study followed a qualitative case study design bound by a single no-excuses charter high school located in a city on the East Coast. Drawing on interviews with 14 institutional agents, in-person school observations, and document review, this study integrates Perna and Thomas's (2006) college success model with Stanton-Salazar's (2011) social capital framework to understand how institutional agents within a no-excuses charter high school context are shaped by, and have the power to shape, their school's organizational habitus. Conclusion: This study highlights how institutional agents within a "successful" no-excuses charter high school grapple with changing one-size-fits-all college expectations and white and middle-class norms associated with the college-for-all ethos that have been intertwined with the no-excuses model since its inception. Because no-excuses charter schools are shaped by external pressures as well as their own longstanding habitus, findings highlight the tensions, complexity, and tradeoffs that institutional agents encountered when attempting to make change in spaces that they themselves are entrenched in. This study suggests, however, that institutional agents, when acting as empowerment agents, can resist assimilationist college preparation practices and (re)shape their school's organizational habitus to facilitate marginalized students' empowerment. Recommendations for policy, practice, and theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and practice have recognized the importance of informal learning—a specific type of active learning—for higher education contexts. University students learn not only in formally organized courses, but also in a self-directed and intentional way from fellow students, through trial and error, and by reflection. However, there has been a lack of valid measures to operationalize students' informal learning. In this study, we thus develop the Informal Student Learning (ISL) scale for higher education, building on the Octagon Model of Informal Workplace Learning and the model's associated measure from the vocational learning context. Our scale contains eight components with three items each. Using three samples of university students (N = 545, N = 818, N = 310), we examined the model structure of ISL and the scale's validity in an international context. The results show that the conceptual structure of informal workplace learning and informal student learning is similar for intent to learn and reflection, but different for experience/action and feedback. Examining validity, we found evidence for concurrent validity in terms of study-related self-efficacy and academic performance, and for convergent and discriminant validity indicators of the eight ISL components. The scale has configural and metric measurement invariance for age, gender, and academic achievement, and additionally scalar invariance for age. Potential applications of the new measure in the context of active learning for research, for lecturers, and for students are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students ranges from 14.1% to 27.9%, with suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 29. Hopelessness, decreased self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation are among the main risk factors. Objective. To determine the effect of hopelessness, depression, anxiety, stress, drug use, and self-efficacy on suicide attempts in Mexican psychology students. Method. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was undertaken with a sample of 3,438 students from sixty-two universities accredited by the National Council for Teaching and Research in Psychology (CNEIP) from six regions in Mexico. Results. A total of 19.9% reported attempted suicide (85.1% women and 14.9% men); 36.4% drug use; 40.2% moderate to extreme stress; 50.1% anxiety, and 40.7% depression; 74.1% medium to high emotional dysregulation; 30.2% moderate to high hopelessness, and 32.9% low self-efficacy. Drug use (OR 1.897), sex (OR 1.756), anxiety (OR 1.218), hopelessness (OR 1.209), depression (OR 1.756), and stress (OR 1.050) respectively account for 17.2% of the variability of suicide attempts. Discussion and conclusion. Confirmation of the effect of the variables analyzed on the suicide attempts of psychology students underlines the importance of incorporating actions that will contribute to controlling the incidence of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-limited didactic interventions have been shown to be effective in developing "generic" case conceptualization skills. The objective of this study is to test whether similar interventions can be used to develop case conceptualization skills that are "specific" to a treatment modality. University psychology students were randomized to a target (n = 62) or a control group (n = 62). The target group received a training on psychoanalytic case conceptualization skills based on the newly-developed operators model. The control group received a training on generic case conceptualization skills based on the well-established 5 Ps model. The students' self-efficacy for case conceptualization significantly increased in both groups. However, students in the target group reported a significantly greater increase in psychoanalytic case conceptualization skills and in their ability to make clinical inferences. The teaching method, as well as the case conceptualization models, were acceptable to students. However, the 5 Ps model was significantly more acceptable to students than the operators model. This is the first RCT to provide evidence that psychoanalytic case conceptualization skills can be developed through didactic teaching and that they constitute a specific set of skills that are not developed by learning generic case conceptualization skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Online education has become more popular in recent years. Nevertheless, students may face challenges in online courses that can influence their academic self-efficacy (ASF). However, a comprehensive and localized tool for measuring ASF in online courses in Iran is needed. This study aimed to validate transcultural adaptation and psychometrically evaluate the Online Learning Self-Efficacy Scale (OLSES) among high school seniors in Bandar Abbas City. Methods: This transcultural adaptation study validated the OLSES in Tehran in 2022. The sample consisted of 1080 High School Seniors living in Bandar Abbas who participated in the cluster sampling procedure. The researchers used the OLSES and the ASF Questionnaire (ASEQ), which were sent to the participants via Google Forms. The OLSES questionnaire was translated using the back-translation method, and ten experts evaluated its face and content validity. The concurrent validity of the OLSES questionnaire was examined by correlating it with ASEQ. The OLSES questionnaire's construct validity was tested by exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SPSS 21 and LISREL 8.80 software. The reliability of the OLSES questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest, and split-half methods. The confidence interval for testing the hypotheses was 0.05. Results: The results showed that the OLSES questionnaire had acceptable face and content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, and reliability. The mean Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) values for the items were 0.88 and 0.83, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the OLSES and ASEQ scores was 0.56. The OLSES questionnaire had a valid three-factor structure, measuring online learning self-efficacy (OLSE) in online learning environments, technology self-efficacy, and time management. These factors explained 63.606% of the total variance, with variances of 25.87%, 18.78%, and 13.23%, respectively. The CFA indicated that the three-factor model was better for the data than the one-factor model, with acceptable fit indices: SRMR=0.021 and CMIN/DF=2.39. The number of items in the OLSES questionnaire remained unchanged at 22 throughout the validity and reliability assessments. The overall scale had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95 and a test-retest reliability of 0.79. Conclusion: The OLSES questionnaire was a valid and reliable measure of OLSES among high school seniors. It can be used to assess students' confidence in online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future professions of vocational high school (SMK) students are connected to career paths selected and often accompanied by uncertainties in decision-making. A factor affecting adolescents' confidence in career decision-making is parental influence. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the relationship between Career-Specific Parenting Practices (CSPP), such as support, interference, and lack of engagement, with career Decision Self-Efficacy (CDSE) of SMK students. The research method adopted was a quantitative survey including 254 participants consisting of eleventh-grade SMK students in Surabaya (with a mean age of 17 years, 48,8% female, and 51,2% male). The population sample was selected using a convenience sampling method. The results showed a positive correlation between parental support and CDSE (r = 0.481, p = 0.000) as well as a negative relationship between lack of parental engagement and CDSE among SMK students (r = -0.165, p = 0.008), while parental interference showed no correlation. The stepwise regression analysis showed that parental support, representing 18.9%, was the strongest predictor influencing CDSE among SMK students. Therefore, the research's implications emphasize the importance of parental support and engagement in shaping CDSE of SMK students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' perceptions can influence their performance in writing. In the Portuguese context, the number of studies on this subject is still small and has not provided a clear overview of typical perceptions, for example, of students by year of schooling. Even more significant is the gap in international and national research on the relationships between students' self-perceptions and their performance in writing, mainly when mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this sense, this descriptive-correlational study focused on study the correlations between 4th grade students' perceptions (n=338) regarding writing knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in writing and their writing performance. The results of this study allow us to state that, in general terms, there are more positive perceptions of students' attitudes and self-efficacy in writing with ICT than those without using these tools. Even though students' perceptions may be different from their performance, it was found that their attitudes were more optimistic than their perceptions of knowledge and self-efficacy in writing. Understanding observed differences is essential for educational professionals to know their students' perceptions, better adjust their pedagogical practices and select the pedagogical tools for each stage of the writing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching the components of health advocacy is straightforward, but fostering young people's self-efficacy to be health advocates for themselves, others, and their community is more complex. This complexity sometimes renders advocating for health, the basis of National Health Education Standard (NHES) #8, challenging to teach. We utilized a pedagogical approach called biblioguidance to teach this skill to 10th-grade students. The premise of biblioguidance, also called bibliotherapy, is that information, guidance, and even solace can be found through reading and vicariously living story events. To implement this approach, we consulted the literature and created a six-step framework to guide the design, development, and evaluation of a health advocacy curriculum, including young adult novels, guided reading prompts, electronic journals, and small group discussions. Our pre/post-assessment, rooted in NHES #8, evaluated the impact on students' (N = 168) self-efficacy to health advocate for themselves, others, and the community. Results revealed a significant change (p <.001), particularly in advocating for community health. Further, the teachers found that the curriculum facilitated the discussion of health-related topics in subsequent units. We will continue using the curriculum but expand it to include opportunities for authentic application and qualitative data evaluation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effects of four types of cyber entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and intention. It is based on Social Cognitive Theory and Regulatory Focus Theory, which takes Chinese college students as the research objects. Design/methodology/approach: Approximately 101 senior business school students who had participated in all cyber entrepreneurship courses were selected to complete the horizontal analysis. Approximately 317 students from different grades who had participated in different cyber entrepreneurship courses were selected for the multi-group analysis (MGA) for the longitudinal comparison. Findings: The results show that different cyber entrepreneurship courses may trigger Chinese students' positive or defensive mechanisms for cyber entrepreneurship and affect their ESE and intentions. The impact of cyber entrepreneurship theoretical courses on Chinese students' entrepreneurial intentions is not significant, and self-efficacy has no mediating effect between cyber entrepreneurial theory courses and intentions. Originality/value: This study helps teachers and policymakers to better understand the impacts of cyber entrepreneurship courses and to adopt proper teaching contents and methods for diversity goals. It also has reference value in theoretical and practical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition into higher education (HE) is a particularly challenging process for students due to a large variety of difficulties and requirements. Moreover, increasing student numbers and diversity in European HE have complexified the issue of the successful transition to university. Consequently, it is important to further develop our understanding of the heterogeneity of students and the specific challenges that impact their successful and less stressful transitions into higher education. This paper contributes to this scientific endeavour. More precisely, a study was carried out among 1,048 first-year students from a French-speaking Belgian university. Using latent profile analysis, our results yielded five profiles representing different combinations of achievement predictors (high school grade, socio-economic status, informed-choice, and self-efficacy beliefs). When comparing the profiles, our results further highlighted key differences in the way students experienced the specific challenges associated with the transition and succeeded at the end of the first year. The discussion of the results allowed us to provide practical implications and future perspectives on the thorny issue of diversity into the transition to HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retention and progression issues are complex problems that need to be addressed by the Higher Education sector. This paper views the academic self-efficacy of students as an important matter which is linked to retention and progression. The study employs online student surveys to analyse the differences in self-efficacy among year one students on accounting and finance, and business undergraduate programmes at a United Kingdom university with a widening participation agenda. The study references student discussion forums to share the voices of year one students, exploring how confident they feel about their ability to progress. It finds no association between performance and ethnicity, but that student performance is associated with gender and type of entry qualification. The social aspect of learning, and its value in supporting sources of academic self-efficacy, is a theme which emerged strongly in the forums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a two-year study at an Australian university in which 154 undergraduate and 51 postgraduate students reflected on their experiences with flexible and personalised assessment where they could choose assessment tasks, submission dates and weightings of their assignments. Through pre- and post-course surveys and a focus group, feelings of empowerment and attitudes towards flexibility were investigated. Students were positive about all aspects of the flexible approach and felt it was beneficial for their learning. Only the postgraduate group showed significant improvement in feelings of empowerment and grades suggesting that more experienced learners may adapt more easily to this model. We argue that empowering learners is not about better grades but about students gaining more input, voice and control in their learning and assessment. Despite the disadvantages of increased workload for teachers and a decision-making burden on students, the potential benefits for students justify consideration of more personalised and flexible assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of job crafting in the relationship between self-efficacy in teaching and research (termed 'academic self-efficacy') and organisational commitment among academics. Three hundred and thirty-two academics from nine higher educational institutions in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai, mainland China, participated in this study through responding to three self-report inventories: the Research-Teaching Efficacy Inventory, the Job Crafting Inventory, and the Organisational Commitment Inventory. Results suggested that academic self-efficacy predicted organisational commitment both directly and indirectly through job crafting (especially increasing structural and social job resources) after controlling for age, gender, academic rank, and academic disciplines taught. The findings enrich the literature on self-efficacy, job crafting, and organisational commitment. Furthermore, this study has practical implications for academics and university senior managers in their respective efforts to develop academics' adaptive organisational commitment and enhance the quality of university teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current multilevel meta-analyses and systematic review encompass 47 longitudinal studies of motivation and academic achievement in primary and secondary education. Our inclusion criteria extended beyond studies centred on self-belief type of motivation constructs, as we also selected studies using other motivation constructs (e.g. achievement goals). The findings offered mixed support for the reciprocity. The pooled effect of achievement on motivation was nearly twice as strong (β = 0.176) as that of motivation on achievement (β = 0.096). The effect of achievement on motivation held across different motivation constructs, albeit exhibiting more robust reciprocity for self-belief constructs (β = 0.227) than for other constructs (β = 0.091). The effect of motivation on achievement was exclusively found for self-belief (β = 0.157) and not for non-self-belief motivation. Overall, the medium-to-high heterogeneity between studies and within studies suggests that pivotal factors in the motivation–achievement dynamics may not have been captured yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate research experiences can have a powerful impact on career aspirations and research skills, particularly among students from historically underrepresented groups. This study explores the conference-going experiences of first-generation, Mexican American undergraduates from migrant/seasonal farmworker backgrounds in the College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP) at Arizona State University. Our research affirms that undergraduate conference participation strengthens students' sense of self-efficacy, or their ability to incorporate existing skills and competencies into their academic identities. However, conference experiences were most impactful when students experienced their cultural and academic identities as integrated. CAMP students also saw their development of self-efficacy through conference experiences as relational and connected to their ability to "give back" to their communities. Undergraduate research experiences can be integrated with a "border pedagogy" approach that brings students' cultural knowledge into dialogue with academic knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to find the relationship between Internet Vigilance, emotional creativity, and self-sufficiency. The current research sample consisted of (898) male and female students at Damietta University in the faculties of (Specific Education - Education - Physical Education - Applied Arts - Commerce - Science - Engineering - Literature – Computers and information) in the first and fourth academic year, with an average age of 20.09 and a standard deviation of 2.56 in the first university semester of the academic year 2022/2023. With the aim of revealing their levels in the Internet Vigilance variable, the level of the emotional creativity and self-efficacy variables, and the extent of the differences between them due to gender, academic stage, and specialization, and the nature of the relationship between each of the electronic alertness variable, the emotional creativity variable, and self-efficacy among male and female university students. Damietta, in the colleges of (Specific Education - Education - Physical Education - Applied Arts - Commerce - Science - Engineering - Literature - Computers and Information), Regarding the extent to which it is possible to predict each of the variables of emotional creativity and self-efficacy through the dimensions of the Internet Vigilance variable, the researcher here relied on two tools to measure the variable dimensions of Internet Vigilance, the (Reince et al., 2018) scale to measure the trait, and the (Johannes et al., 2020) scale to measure the situation, as the researcher Arabized it, codified it, and verified the extent of its psychometric properties, and two tools to measure the variables of emotional creativity and self-efficacy among male and female students at Damietta University in the faculties of (Specific Education - Education - Physical Education - Applied Arts - Commerce - Sciences - Engineering - Literature - Computers and Information) prepared by the researcher. To identify the results of the research, the following statistical treatments were used: T-test for independent samples, Cronbach's Alpha test, One-Way ANOVA, frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviations, and correlation analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and the bootstrap method to test confidence interval (CI) estimates, using version 23.0 of the statistical program SPSS. The research showed several results, the most important of which are: the existence of a significant correlation between Internet Vigilance and emotional creativity, and that the Internet Vigilance variable predicted emotional creativity, while The results related to self-efficacy showed its mediation in the relationship between each of the variables (Internet Vigilance and emotional creativity).The results also showed that the effect of self-efficacy on Internet Vigilance among university students varies according to the students’ academic stage. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the relationship between self-efficacy and emotional creativity among university students depending on the variable of type (sex), as well as specialization (scientific/ literary). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the implementation of Student-Driven Individualized Education Program Practice (SIP) as a means to actively involve students labeled as disabled in their learning process. Topics discussed include the integration of Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals into daily literacy lessons, the importance of empowering students to take ownership of their learning needs, and the role of SIP in challenging deficit views and rewriting disability narratives in schools.

Most teachers report wanting more training and support to teach autistic students. Individual, autism-focused coaching is a promising approach for improving teacher self-efficacy and autistic student outcomes. Given the high workload demands of coaching, it must be feasible and acceptable. This study considers coaches', teachers', and autistic peoples' perspectives to identify key components integral to autism-focused coaching as well as strategies that enhance the feasibility and acceptability of each component. Interviews with seven K-2nd grade teachers, ten autistic adolescents and adults, and a focus group with six coaches were qualitatively examined using an inductive approach and incorporated grounded theory practices to develop an autism-focused coaching framework. This framework consists of four contextual elements that were identified as crucial to coaching within an autism-specific context, including the use of a neurodiversity-affirming lens and coaches' strong autism knowledge. This framework also comprises eight sequential coaching components informed by principles of adult learning theory (e.g. observation, feedback, self-reflection) that are generalizable to supporting teachers' work with autistic and neurodivergent students. These findings offer guidance to coaches and program developers regarding key components to implement when working with teachers supporting autistic students. We highlight specific recommendations within each component to maximize the feasibility and social validity of autism-specific coaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on data collected from multiple sources, this qualitative case study investigates how seven English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) academics from a university in mainland China perceive and cope with their professional vulnerability within the system of performativity. Three themes were generated from the data: (1) professional vulnerability as a state of conformity and self-learning, (2) professional vulnerability as a state of constrained agency, and (3) professional vulnerability as a state of disengagement. The findings not only reflect the complex and dynamic nature of EFL academics' professional vulnerability, but also unpack numerous contextual and personal factors mediating EFL academics' experiences of professional vulnerability. The paper ends with some practical implications on how to mitigate the negative influences that vulnerability has on EFL academics' professional practice within the system of performativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on college attrition rates has revealed that self-efficacy and locus of control play a critical role in academic performance and retention. However, despite the importance of students' attitudes in academic performance, there have been few studies focused on how to develop students' self-efficacy and internal locus of control. We examined the impact of motivational book reading on the promotion of self-efficacy and locus of control by leveraging a mixed method study, analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred diverse, business students participated in the research, where they read one motivational book and wrote essays to reflect their learning and took surveys that measured the quantitative variables before and after reading the book. The analysis revealed that motivational book reading significantly increased self-efficacy and locus of control of the participants. The qualitative analysis revealed that students expressed improvement in self-efficacy and internal locus of control after reading the book. The limitations, practical implications, and future research implications are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the self-tracking information literacy practices of LGBTQ+ students, how the practices connect to LGBTQ+ identities, and whether these practices are perceived as empowering. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with students who identified as LGBTQ+ self-trackers. Four previously discovered dimensions of IL in self-tracking framed the design. Collaborative thematic analysis revealed participants find it useful to monitor their physical health and tracking supports mental health, which is experienced as empowering. The heteronormative assumptions of apps influenced their perceived usefulness. There was some distrust about how apps used data, but this risk was accepted, typically because the convenience of the app outweighed privacy concerns. Data sharing took place--restricted due to self-consciousness or fear of judgement--and embraced when there was a feeling of working towards a shared goal. IL in this landscape is related to developing critical awareness of when and how self-tracking can support health goals; the limitations of apps and devices, particularly for those undergoing transition; privacy implications; and the nuances of social sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In participatory action research (PAR), university-based researchers often take foundational concepts such as transformation, empowerment, critical consciousness, and mutual understanding for granted as desirable or necessary outcomes or achievements. We discuss the danger of this and suggest that researchers recognize these as processes that participants may or may not experience, achieve, or even desire. In this manuscript, four members of a long-term research collective engage in reflexive practice to problematize notions of transformation and empowerment in PAR, with the aim of pushing ourselves to align our epistemological commitments with our practice of participatory inquiry. We focus on whether, and to what extent, high school co-researchers considered the performative components of a PAR project – such as Theatre of the Oppressed and spoken word poetry – to be transformative experiences and what, in fact, transformation means to them. As we explore our various experiences with and perspectives on performance in the context of PAR, we question and problematize its use, and call on other participatory inquirers to no longer take for granted its purpose or outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' interest in STEM careers is governed by various factors: (i) family influences, (ii) out-of-school time learning experiences, (iii) inside-of-school learning experiences, and (iii) media influences. Previous studies often investigate the direct influence of these factors, collectively known as environmental factors, on students' interest in STEM careers. This study explains the role of self-efficacy on environmental factors that affect students' interest in STEM careers through a structural equation model. This study involved 14-year-old secondary school students who were selected based on cluster sampling and a total of 1800 students were chosen. However, only 1485 responses were considered valid for analysis. Survey design was utilised in the study. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to analyse the data. The results of the survey demonstrated that the effects of family influences and out-of-school time learning experiences on interest in STEM careers were fully mediated by self-efficacy except for media influences that affected interest both directly and indirectly via self-efficacy (partial mediator). Inside-of-school learning experiences did not affect self-efficacy and interest in STEM careers. STEM learning experiences through informal modality are better predictors of students' interest in STEM careers. Improving formal STEM learning is imperative to ensure that STEM careers are promoted to all school students in a systemic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by the still high incidence of academic procrastination among junior high school students. The purpose of this research is to examine whether academic self-efficacy and parental support contribute to students' academic procrastination. This research used a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 250 students selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The research instruments used included measurements of academic selfefficacy, parental support, and academic procrastination. Data were analyzed using multiple regression with the help of SPSS version 25.00. Research findings show that academic self-efficacy contributes negatively to academic procrastination (β= -.613, p= .000), and parental support also shows a significant contribution (β= -.215, p= .000). The implications of this research highlight the need to increase students' self-efficacy and parental support through a series of psychological interventions to reduce cases of academic procrastination among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is growing interest in studying the co‐occurrence of multiple achievement goals and how different goal profiles relate to educational outcomes. Further, contextual aspects of the classroom have been known to influence the goals students pursue but existing studies remain confined within certain traditions and confounded by methods not well suited for studying classroom climate effects. Aims: This study sought to investigate achievement goal profiles in mathematics and their associations with background covariates (i.e., gender, prior achievement) and correlates at the student‐level (i.e., achievement, self‐efficacy, anxiety) and class‐level (instructional quality dimensions of classroom management, supportive climate, instructional clarity and cognitive activation). Sample: Participants were 3836 Secondary‐3 (Grade‐9) students from 118 mathematics classes in Singapore. Methods: Achievement goal profiles and their relationships with covariates and student‐level correlates were examined with updated procedures of latent profile analysis. Subsequently, multilevel mixture analysis assessed the associations of student‐level goal profiles and different class‐level dimensions of instructional quality. Results: Four profiles were identified: Average‐All, Low‐All, High‐All and High‐Approach. These profiles differed across covariates and correlates, with High‐Approach students associated with positive outcomes and High‐All students with math anxiety. Cognitive activation and instructional clarity predicted stronger membership in High‐Approach profile than Average‐All and Low‐All, but not High‐All. Conclusion: Certain goal profile patterns were consistent with past studies and supported the fundamental separation of approach and avoidance goals. Less differentiating profiles were associated with undesirable educational outcomes. Instructional quality can be considered as an alternative framework for examining classroom climate effects of achievement goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Because of the wide use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in healthcare, medical students' knowledge and skills of modern ICT have been considered essential for their successful learning and future careers. According to Bandura's self-efficacy, enhancing ICT self-efficacy, which might be affected by technology experience, could be a pathway to improving ICT literacy and competence, which should be one focus of medical educationalists. However, there is a lack of suitable measurements of medical students' selfefficacy and a clear understanding of its relationship with technology experience. Materials and methods: We conducted a literature review and direct consultation with an expert panel to identify potential items for the ICT self-efficacy scale. Based on the data collected in a survey of 486 first-year medical students in China, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to confirm the structure of the final version. Furthermore, we used linear regressions to quantify the association between ICT self-efficacy and technology experience measured by the age of first access to the Internet, the age at first ownership of a personal computer (PC) or a laptop, and that of a smartphone. Results: The EFA results derived 15 items of four factors, with 67.02% of the total variance explained: Privacy and Safety, Differencing, Communication, and Learning and Application. The Cronbach's alphas for the four subscales and the overall scale ranged from 0.78 to 0.89. Regression results demonstrated a significant association of ICT self-efficacy with age at first ownership of a personal computer (PC) and the mediation role of the general self-efficacy in the ICT self-efficacy's association with the age at first ownership of a personal smartphone. Conclusion: The ICT scale developed is a reliable and valid task-specific measure to assess ICT Self-Efficacy for medical students. In addition, enhancing students' technology experience might improve their ICT self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]